Bodental
The Bodental ( Slov. Boden / kärntn. Slov. Póden ) is a remote high valley in the Karawanken in the south of Carinthia . The valley, which runs to the south-west, can be reached by road at just over 1000 m above sea level from the Loibltal via the Bleiberger Graben , via the hiking trail from the Bärental . The area belongs to the cadastral municipality of Windisch Bleiberg and has been part of the municipality of Ferlach since the beginning of 1973 . The valley is drained by the Bodenbach, which flows over the Tschaukofall into the Tscheppaschlucht .
The 4 km long mountain valley with one of the most beautiful valley ends in the Limestone Alps, which used to be agricultural, has developed into a popular leisure area. In summer, hikes in the nature reserve or to the Klagenfurter Hütte are ideal . In winter the valley is one of the few winter sports areas in the Karawanken with a ski slope, cross-country skiing trails, winter hiking and horse-drawn sleighs. For the steadily decreasing permanent resident population there are hardly any job opportunities apart from agriculture and the four guest companies. Workers and school children commute to Ferlach, 11 km away, or even further to Klagenfurt.
history
In contrast to the Bleiberger Graben, in which lead and iron ore were mined from the 13th century to 1898 , the Bodental has always been a rural landscape. The valley floor, originally covered by a lake, still with marshy and acidic soils, is called Žabnica from slow in the front half of the valley . žaba , called the frog . The first settlers probably came on the initiative of the Cistercian monastery Viktring , founded in 977 , to whose manor the monastery belonged. It can be assumed that they spoke a Slavic dialect. As can be seen from the names of places and fields in Salzburg and Upper Austria, the language border to the Germanic languages ran much further north around the year 1000 than it is today. Early documented mentions of taxes and land acquisitions in Bodental can be found in the records of the Archives Dietrich Stein of the Carinthian Provincial Archives in the arable and pen registers of the 17th and 18th centuries.
The floor builder Podner / Podnar
For the area of the floor manufacturer Poden , the last farmers back in the valley, there are a Clement and Urban Ogris, which gradually originally communal areas such as a Rauth (deforested area) or captured place (fenced area, pasture) from the rule Hollenburg acquired . In the property list of the rule Kühnegg by Gandolf of Khünegg in 1490 one is in Bleyberg jury Ogristh mentioned. It can be assumed that the first clearing was carried out in the shallow valley head at that time. Compared to the mountain farmers around, it was particularly pleasant to work on the gently sloping meadows. References to the favorable location are the mentions of two landlords , Okers in Schienleben in 1524 and Lucas Ogris in Schönleben in 1541. The term Poden appears for the first time around 1586 next to Schönleben . In the following, only the term Poden is used, such as 1680, when an Adam Ogriss or Podner is mentioned.
It can be assumed that the linden tree at Bodenbauer, a protected natural monument since 1979, was planted as a house tree as early as 1636, i.e. a chaste or hatch already existed and cattle were farmed. At that time the peasants were subject to serfdom , so they were obliged to pay taxes ( tithes ) and robots to their rule . If these obligations were not met, one could also be evicted from the property, because there was no inheritance law in its current form. When it was handed over to the next generation, a new contract had to be concluded with the rulers. The monastery register of the Hollenburg estate shows that in 1664, when the linden tree was 28 years old at the Bodenbauer farm, Clement Ogris handed over the property to his son Adam because of weakness and retained the right to live on the farm as well as the right to a cow and six sheep . The number of animals kept indicates a larger property for the time. In 1791 August Orgis was the manager of the soil farmer, which he sold to Johann Kropiunig / Koprivnik in 1816. Since June 4, 1878, the son Johannes Josef Kropiunig received the right to run a simple tavern . In 1904, the son Josef Kropiunig was buried in an avalanche, whereupon the right to tavern was suspended until Anna Kropiunig, the widow of the victim, resumed the operation of the inn in 1906 with the help of the brewery owner Hans Oblasser. The widow married a Mr. Waldhauser in 1914. Since then there has not been a change of name.
According to the Carinthian State Archives, the following farms in the vicinity of the Bodner are listed in the Franziszeisches Cadastre from 1827: to the right of the Jurioulz , at the height of the Meerauges of the Nott , the Perouhoutz , Mihalitsch , Andrey Malitschnig and Schindar .
The Ogrisbauer / Ogriz
The highest farm in the Bodental is the Ogrisbauer / Ogriz at the top of the road over the sunny side. Today the farm is surrounded by a sizable weekend house colony with a view of the valley head . The structural change in many alpine mountain farming areas is also evident here. The formerly labor-intensive, self-sufficient agriculture is no longer economically feasible. Many pastures are growing over or are being parceled out and sold. More and more houses face fewer and fewer permanent residents ( urban sprawl ). The meadows were cleared five hundred years ago. In an early mention of the farm in 1524, a Simon Okkers was named, probably identical to the Simon Ogris from 1541. In 1826 a Strugar Johann vlg. Ogris.
The Lausegger / Ožekar farm
The first farm on the way into the Bodental is the Lausegger / Ožekar property, which is located at the transition to the Bleiberger Tal at 1060 m above sea level in a hollow with a view of the Karawanken. The business is currently run as an organic farm (including the breeding of Carinthian spectacle sheep and Pinzgau cattle ), with an inn and guesthouse (28 beds). The execution of the new inn as a functional building would not suggest from afar that there is a property that has been documented for more than 500 years. The earliest written evidence comes from the year 1490, where two Lausegkher can be found , one Wolfhart mentioned as Olbart and one Thomas Lausegkher working on the Gereute . The farm can be seen as the parent farm of the Lausseggers, who are still widespread in the area today. The name is considered very old and is also common in other parts of Carinthia. In the rule of Freyenthurn am Wörthersee , an Urban am Lausegg was mentioned in 1610 . A nearly one hundred year old Magdalena Lausekarza died in 1663. Spellings of the name are Lausegger, Lausecker, Laußegger, Lauhsegger, (L) Ožekar, Lužekar . In the 2001/02 school year, a few years before the closure of the primary school in Windisch Bleiberg, nine of the twelve pupils carried this name. Whether the first Lauseggers in the valley actually came from Lauseck Castle (Lousek / Louzek) near Kaplitz ( Kaplice ) in South Bohemia (Czech Republic) has not yet been proven.
Permanent exhibition - farm equipment in summer and winter / Kmečko orodje za poletje & zimo
In an outbuilding (harp) of the Lauseggerhof, a small display collection with over thirty old agricultural implements was set up in cooperation with the University of Klagenfurt, giving an insight into the life of mountain farmers in this area. The exhibition refers to the German / Slovenian film project "Documentation of old folk culture" at the University of Klagenfurt, which has been running since 1994, in which bilingual sources tell of specific rural activities in local dialect. The documentation is intended to give future generations a comprehensive picture of the dialectal and ethnographic characteristics of the region. The documentation that has been completed so far is available as video cassettes and the like. a. available from Gasthof Lausegger.
Alpengasthof Sereinig / Bošt & Hollenburgsches Forsthaus
Today's Gasthof Sereinig with the ski lift and the Hollenburg forest house emerged from one of the largest properties in the Bodental. In 1490 a Schwaig by Gregor Saffran is mentioned for the first time, who in 1524 was called Mathy Safferan Schwayger . In 1541 the brothers Leonhard and Lorenz were the Saffran Schwayge . In the middle of the 17th century the property was divided. Half of it went in 1694 to the Unterloibler trade owner Johann Baptist Benaglio Ritter von Rosenbach, who married the last Locatelli in 1686. Later this part came into the possession of Hollenburg. The other half of the Saffran-Schwaig was taken over in 1707 by Vostl Ogriß , who gave the house name Woscht / Bošt / Wost, which had existed for a long time. The property has been owned by the Sereinig family since 1933 through the marriage of Rupert Sereinig from Weizelsdorf im Rosental . Rupert Sereinig opened an alpine inn, a "tourist home" with "guest room", which subsequently became the tourist center of the Bodental. In January 1955 the first small drag lift was opened. In 1984 the Ferlach municipal council decided to set up a Nordic center. The ski jump, which is no longer in use, shows that the project could only be partially implemented. Except for the "Nordic Winter Games of the Alpine Countries" in 1986, no major competitions were held in the Bodental. Ultimately, despite the shady ski slope with the use of snow cannons, the area is too deep to permanently have a sufficient and long enough covering of snow.
Hamlet of Schoschelz
The hamlet of Schoschelz, in the middle of the sunny side, consists of two old farms and a holiday home area a little further up the hill. The Vulgonamen the old courtyards are Schascheltz / Šošeljc and Austintz / Oštinc . They go back to an originally connected property, the old fiefdom . In 1490 a prime minister was listed for the first time in the old fiefdom of Gandolf von Kühnegg as Hollenburg subjects. The Hollenburger Urbar from 1524 names Valentin in the old fiefdom as the manager . As of 1541, two appear, one Peter and one Primus. From 1610 the property was divided into the two half-hats Juri in old fiefdom and Hanß Schaschl . The first half-bonnet came to an Augustin Ogris around 1700, who probably gave the vulgon name Austintz / Oštinc its name. The house name Schascheltz / Šošeljc goes back to Hanß Schaschl through different spellings (1700: Tschaschel , 1748: Tschaschlz , 1751: Tschaschelz ) .
Hamlet Woschte
The hamlet of Woschte consists of three old small farms and an upstream weekend house settlement on the lower part of the street on the sunny side, which soon after the Gasthaus Sereinig leads right up to the Schoschelz and Ogris farmers. In the oldest available documents to date, there is a Wolfhart Lausegkher , or Olbart for short, as the fief holder in 1490 . The Olbart / Vovbarti -Hube was divided into three parts by 1586 at the latest . The Pangräz, Jury and Rueprecht die Olbart are listed as managers . In 1618 Urban Ogris took over the chaste and in 1637 also the share of Rueprecht. In 1651 Boschtian Ogris came into possession of the property, from which the current vulgar name Woschtet / Boštet is derived. The house name of the second third of the hill Urbantschek / Urbanček is mentioned for the first time in 1751 as Urbäntschigg . Varouniäkh appears for the first time in 1751 as the name of the third third of the lift / Feronjak and later as cf. Weronika (1820). The name goes back to Veronica Trauneza, whose father Michl Tschaschl was the manager in the 1630s.
Mills and saws
Up until the 1960s, every larger farm in the Bodental had its own water-powered house mill , designed as wheel mills with one grinding gear . In the 1950s, some mills were also converted to generate electricity. The Schoschelz and Bukounik mills were in operation the longest. Today there are only isolated traces of the centuries-old tradition of mills and saws on the Bodenbach or the side streams. The dull throb of the saws has also stopped. Smaller farmers and chaste people had their right to grind in a neighboring mill or they brought their grist to the Repitz mill with two water wheels at the valley entrance, the only commercially operated toll mill in the valley, for which a ten percent mill tax was collected. In the flat part of the Bodental there were undershot and medium-sized mills, while in the terrain with a steeper slope, overshot mills were located.
Nature & landscape
Inneres Bodental and Vertatscha nature reserve
The nature reserve includes the head of the valley and the adjacent mountain slopes of the Bodental. In the front valley area, meadows and pastures dominate, towards the end of the valley a cold lake creates a subalpine spruce forest in the middle of the beech step. The importance of the area lies on the one hand in this climatic peculiarity, on the other hand in the occurrence of plants whose actual distribution area is usually much more southern. Special plants in this protected area are the Krainer Krantzdistel (Cirsium carniolicus), the Sternberg's carnation (Dianthus stergbergii), the creeping gypsophila (Gypsophila repens) or the Alpine ray seeds (Silene alpestre).
Fairytale meadow
The fairytale meadow at 1157 m above sea level is not only considered to be “Carinthia's most beautiful mountain meadow”, but also one of the most romantic alpine meadows of all. The beauty of this end of the valley results from the special landscape that a large, almost flat alpine meadow merges directly into the vertical rock faces of the Karawanken after a narrow, steeply rising forest belt. The imposing mountain range in the background begins in the south with the Zelenica ( Slov. Palec / 2026 m ), in the middle the Vertatscha ( Vrtača / 2181 m ) and Bielschitza ( Svačica / 1959 m ) and in the north the Geißberg ( Kosiak / 2024 m ) . The area, which is under nature protection, is home to many rare plant species. The film about Ötzi , the man in the ice, was shot here from March 1998 to May 1999 . “The Ötztalmann and his world” was filmed on behalf of ORF , ZDF -Enterprises and Discovery Channel under the direction of Kurt Mündl and was featured in the ORF series Universum, among others. The Ötzi village, a reconstruction of a Stone Age hunters' settlement, was moved to Umhausen in the Ötztal after the filming was over .
Sea eye
The sea eye (Slov. Jezerce ) is a dead ice hole created by a glacier in the Ice Age with a pond in the middle. It is located near the Bodenbauer inn at 1052 meters above sea level and is accessible via a well-secured path. The striking turquoise color of the water is caused by algae . The formation of the sea eye can be traced back to the last ice age (70,000 to 10,000 years ago), the so-called Würm Ice Age . In addition to the mighty Draugletscher, local glaciers also formed in the Karawanken , the largest of which was probably the Bodental glacier. This reached from Vertatscha-Kar almost 6 km out of the valley to just before Windisch-Bleiberg . The glacier covered the entire valley floor and was up to 120 m thick. With increasing warming around 12,000 to 10,000 years ago, the Bodental Glacier gradually retreated, creating a lake in the ice-free apron . This was gradually filled in by rock material over time. At the place where the sea eye is today, there was probably a lump of dead ice that remained, which after it had melted completely left a visible depression in the ground. This deepening of the ground is fed exclusively by the groundwater flow in the alluvial debris layers of the valley floor , which is indicated by the springs rising at the bottom of the sea eye. Such rising groundwater sources occur not only in the immediate vicinity of the sea eye (to the north there are two smaller basins, the larger one being called “ox eye”), but often also scattered in the surrounding meadows .
Legend of the sea eye
“Once two oxen with cart and hay sank
- into the depths - it was over in seconds.
Nothing showed the misfortune , the gloomy horror.
Not the wave, the smallest one could see the eye.
Only weeks later and on the other side of the hill
did the Ochsenjoch float over in the Veldeser See ! "
Recreation area and holiday region
Some Ferlachers and Klagenfurters own alpine huts and weekend houses in the Bodental, which can be reached within half an hour's drive. The valley is the starting point for hikes to the Bodenbauer and the Märchenwiese, but also to the peaks of the Karawanken and their foothills. A well-signposted circular hiking trail leads the hiker into an enchanting natural landscape that often looks as if it was from a bygone era.
freetime and sports
Hiking / mountaineering / mountain biking
The Bodental, with its natural alpine surroundings, offers many opportunities for relaxing and varied leisure activities in all seasons. In the summer months there are many opportunities for hiking, mountaineering, nature observation and mountain biking. Especially for hikers with children, the Bodental is a very nice end to a hike from Ferlach through the Tscheppaschlucht , especially since the path passes several times near bus stations on the Ferlach-Bodental post bus line. The end station is at the Gasthof Sereinig.
The Karawankenweit hiking trail , part of the Southern Alpine Trail from Sillian in East Tyrol to Bad Radkersburg in Southeast Styria , leads through the valley.
Downhill / cross-country skiing
Due to its altitude, the winter months are consistently snowy and are suitable for all activities that have to do with snow. On a north slope opposite the Gasthaus Sereinig there is a small ski area (between 1,030 and 1,200 m above sea level) with around two kilometers of slopes of easy and medium difficulty. The ski area is very suitable for learning skiing and snowboarding (ski schools). The two drag lifts have a capacity of 500 people per hour. In the Bodental there are also extensive cross-country skiing trails (total 12 km, region 65 km) and winter hiking trails (8 km).
Winter hiking / Nordic walking
New is the possibility of Nordic walking on a prepared route of 2.1 km in length with a total walking time of approx. 45 minutes. The height difference to be overcome is very small at 58 meters. The route is located in the most beautiful area of the valley in the area of the meadows around the Bodenbauer.
Other possible winter sports activities include snowshoeing, tobogganing on the sunny side, ski touring or a leisurely horse-drawn sleigh ride through the whole valley to the romantic fairytale meadow.
literature
- Hans M. Tuschar: In the Bodental. In: Hans M. Tuschar: Ferlach. History and stories. Verlag Johannes Heyn, Klagenfurt 1996, ISBN 3-85366-816-X ; Pages 348-353.
References and comments
- ^ Eberhard Kranzmayer : Place name book of Carinthia . Part II, 1958, p. 36 f.
- ↑ Tuschar, Ferlach. History and stories. 1996 , pages 351. [With references to the relevant sources and original literature]
- ^ Oldest surviving tombstone on the cemetery wall in Windisch-Bleiberg.
- ↑ Tuschar, Ferlach. History and stories. 1996 , pages 348 f. and 507.
- ↑ Hans M. Tuschar: Die Lausegkher on www.naturerlebnis-bodental.at , accessed on January 1, 2009.
- ↑ Proceeds flow back into the project www.kwfilm.com .
- ↑ Tuschar, Ferlach. History and stories. 1996 , pages 351 f.
- ↑ Tuschar, Ferlach. History and stories. 1996 , pages 350 f.
- ↑ Tuschar, Ferlach. History and stories. 1996 , pages 349 f.
- ↑ Also documented in the film project by Herta Maurer-Lausegger (University of Klagenfurt, Faculty of Cultural Studies, Institute for Slavic Studies): Dialekt unter der Vertatscha. Mills and saws , 20 minutes, 1994.
- ↑ State of Carinthia Protected Areas ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Hans Bach: Carinthian Nature Conservation Manual I. Klagenfurt, 1978, passim.
- ↑ 46 ° 27 '18.7 " N , 14 ° 12' 33.7" E
- ^ Matthias Maierbrugger : Secret Carinthia . Europäische Verlag, Vienna, 1966, pp. 200–201. (without ISBN)
- ↑ Film: The Ötztalmann.
- ↑ Further information on the shooting: Kurt Mündl / Horst Forster: The Ötztal man and his world The last year before he slept. Donauland, Vienna, 1999.
- ↑ 46 ° 28 ′ 18 ″ N , 14 ° 13 ′ 4 ″ E
- ↑ Hans M. Tuschar: Meerauge / Jezerce at www.naturerlebnis-bodental.at , accessed on January 1, 2009.
- ↑ The motif of underground connected waters also occurs in Carinthia at the Egelsee on the Millstätter See ridge .
- ↑ Kärnten Bus: Ferlach-Bodental , accessed on March 16, 2016
- ↑ Sereinig Webcam 1 ( Memento of the original from January 27, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Webcam 2 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
Coordinates: 46 ° 28 ′ 26.6 ″ N , 14 ° 13 ′ 21.6 ″ E