Casiodoro de Reina

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Casiodoro de Reina

Casiodoro de Reina or de Reyna (* around 1520 in Seville , † March 15, 1594 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a Protestant theologian who (probably together with a few others) translated the Bible into Spanish .

Life

Reina was born around 1520. From a young age he studied the Bible. He was a monk of the Hieronymites Monastery of San Isidoro del Campo outside Seville ( Monasterio jerónimo de San Isidoro del Campo de Sevilla ). During this time he came into contact with Lutheranism and became a supporter of the Reformation . When the Inquisition suspected him of reforming tendencies, he fled with over a dozen other monks in 1557. First he went to Johannes Calvin in Geneva , but there he did not find the refuge he had hoped for. In 1558, Reina declared that Geneva had become a "new Rome" and left.

Reina traveled to London in 1559 . There he served the refugee Spanish Protestants as a pastor , in 1562 he became pastor of the Anglican Church, and he married. But King Philip II of Spain exerted pressure, sent spies and offered bounties to obtain his extradition.

In Seville (April 1562) the Inquisition organized an Auto de Fé in which the image of Casiodoros was burned. The works of Reina and his colleagues were placed on the index of forbidden books and Cassiodoro de Reina was declared a "heresiarch" (ie the intellectual head of heretics ).

Reina went to Antwerp around 1563 , where he met the authors of the Polyglot Bible . In April 1564 he finally went to Frankfurt, where he settled with his family.

Reina secretly translated the book by the Calvin critic Sebastian Castellion , De haereticis, an sint persequendi (German: About heretics and whether one may persecute them ), in which the executions are condemned "for reasons of conscience" and in which the original Christian rejection of this practice is documented becomes.

During his exile in the various cities of Frankfurt, London, Antwerp, Orléans and Bergerac , financed by various sources (as was the case with Juan Pérez de Pineda ), he began translating the Bible into Spanish . He used a wide variety of works as text sources. The translation of the Old Testament was based on the Hebrew Masoretic text . As a secondary source, he appears to have heavily used the Ferrara Bible on Ladino and the Vetus Latina . The translation of the New Testament was based on the Greek textus Receptus . The translations by Francisco de Enzinas and Juan Pérez de Pineda were of great help to the New Testament . Here, too, he used the Vetus Latina. In addition, he probably also used Syrian manuscripts .

He published his Bible in Switzerland in 1569 . It has been speculated that his translation of the Bible, which laid the basis for the Reina-Valera Bible, was a work of composition ( i.e. a composition) of the exiled Isidore church , that is, it was created by different hands, with Reina being the first among them.

Biblia del oso , Basel 1569.

In July 1570, de Reina moved back to the city on the Main with his wife and sons . De Reina was accepted as a citizen of the city of Frankfurt am Main on August 16, 1571. With their new citizenship , the family temporarily moved into the Braunfels house on Liebfrauenberg , which was owned by the cloth merchant Augustin Legrand until 1578 . In order to feed his family, as in Basel, he traded silk and worked as a bookseller. For this purpose he rented a warehouse in the Haus zum Groll in Mainzer Gasse in 1577. Gradually he fully joined the Lutherans. Around 1580 he published a catechism based on the Lutheran in French, Dutch and Latin. He also translated Spanish works for the printer Nicolaus Bassée . His relations with the French Reformed Church were difficult at first, so the parish council was initially reluctant to make inquiries about de Reina and his ideas about morality and church doctrine from Geneva and London. Later he was accepted into the community, where he preached in French and possibly also in Spanish.

He died in Frankfurt in 1594.

Reginaldus Gonsalvius Montanus

Reina probably wrote the first big book against the Inquisition: Sanctae Inquisitionis hispanicae artes aliquot detectae, ac palam traductae (German: Some arts of the Holy Inquisition ). The Spanish title is: Algunas artes de la Santa Inquisición española . Reina tried to have his book printed in Basel and Strasbourg . But the authorities of these cities forbade him to do so because of the Spanish troop movements to Flanders . The book was printed in Heidelberg in 1567 under the pseudonym Reginaldus Gonsalvius Montanus ("Reginaldo Gonsalvio Montano (authore)"). From time to time Antonio del Corro , a former student of Casiodoro de Reina, is named as the author of the book. Gerd Schwerhoff writes about the authorship of the book: "The question of who was hiding behind Reginaldus Gonsalvius Montanus has sparked a lively and basically still incomplete controversy in historical research. ... Overall, research seems to be more of the opinion of Carlos Gilly Leaning towards Casiodoro de Reina as the author, even if double authorship is not excluded, so that Casiodoro de Reina wrote the book, but Antonio del Corro contributed a lot of inside information. " Just one year after the first Heidelberg print in 1567, two English translations and one French translation appeared. The first German version appeared in 1569 and was also printed in Heidelberg. A total of 18 editions can be found in early modern Europe, including three different Dutch translations and one Hungarian translation. Schwerhoff's verdict on the treatise: "It is a successful mixture of the description of facts, propagandistic exaggeration and spiritual exaggeration, which managed to launch central terms for stigmatizing the Inquisition."

Works

In addition to his Spanish translation of the Bible , he published other works:

  • Confessión de Fe cristiana (hecha por ciertos felles españoles, los cuales, huyendo los abusos de la Iglesia Romana y la crueldad de la Inquisición de España, dexaron su patria, para ser recibidos de la Iglesia de los felles, por hermanos en Christ) . London, ca.1560 - Reprint: Confessión de fe Christiana. The Spanish Protestant Confession of Faith . Exeter, 1988, edited by A. Gordon Children
  • Sanctae Inquisitionis hispanicae artes aliquot detectae, ac palam traductae . Heidelberg, 1567 , under the pseudonym: Reginaldus Gonsalvio Montanus ; the Spanish title reads: Algunas artes de la Santa Inquisición española ; (in English: Some arts of Holy Inquisition and in German: Some arts of the Holy Inquisition )
  • La Biblia que e los Sacros libros del Vieio y Nuevo Testamento, .. Transladada en Espanol . Basel, 1569
  • Gospel of Ioannis . Frankfurt am Main, 1573 ; published in Latin; in the Spanish title: Comentarios a los Evangelios de Juan y Mateo
  • Expoisitio primae partis capitis quaarti Matthaei . Frankfurt am Main, 1573 ; Dutch translation by Florentius de Bruin, Dordrecht, 1690 ; published in Latin; in the Spanish title: Comentarios a los Evangelios de Juan y Mateo
  • Sisto de SIEN (Sixtus Senensis) : Bibliotheca sancta á F. Sixto Senensi ex praecipuis catholicae ecclesiaeauthoribus collecta. Frankfurt am Main, 1575
  • Confessio ion articulo de coena . Antwerp, 1579
  • Catechism, Hoc est: Brevis instructio de praecipius capitisbus christianae doctrinae, per quaestiones & responsiones, m pro Ecclesia Antwerpiensi quae Confessionem Augustanam profitetur . Antwerp, around 1580 ; published in Latin, French and Dutch; the Spanish title: Catecismo
  • Estatutos para la sociedad de ayuda a los pobres y perseguidos , in Frankfurt.
  • Exposión de la primera parte del capitulo cuarto de San Mateo sobre las tentaciones de Cristo , edited by Carlos López Lozano. Madrid, 1988

literature

See also

Web links

References and comments

  1. ↑ a b c Hermann Dechent:  Reina, (Cassiodoro de) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 27, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 720-723.
  2. ^ Eduardo Balderas : How the Scriptures can be Translated into Spanish. In: Ensign , Sep. 1972
  3. ↑ a b c d e Erich Wenneker:  REINA, Cassiodoro di. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 7, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-048-4 , Sp. 1524-1528.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  4. ↑ Christian Modehn: Reformation in Spain - Casiodoro de Reina - Just being Protestant , Religionsphilosophischer Salon, January 4, 2017
  5. ↑ Alexander Dietz: Frankfurt trade history. Vol. 2 Knauer Brothers, Frankfurt am Main 1921, p. 33 f
  6. ^ "Heydelbergae excudebat Michael Schirat"
  7. ^ Carlos Gilly: Sebastian Castellio and the political resistance against Philip II of Spain. (PDF) Archived from the original on September 27, 2011 ; accessed on March 10, 2018 .
  8. ↑ and see section Works in the text: Erich Wenneker:  REINA, Cassiodoro di. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 7, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-048-4 , Sp. 1524-1528.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  9. ↑ Montanus as a paradigm. On the anatomy of anti-inquisitorial journalism in the early modern period, in: Tribunal der Barbaren ?, Konstanz / Munich 2012, pp. 113-133, here pp. 113f. (slightly edited).
  10. ^ A later English edition was entitled: A Discoverie of the Spanish Inquisition; London: printed [by H. Lownes] for John Bellamie, 1625
  11. ^ Discovery of the Spanish Inquisition . Copac. Retrieved September 19, 2009.
  12. ^ Montanus as a paradigm, p. 121
  13. ^ Montanus as a paradigm, p. 121
  14. ^ Montanus as a paradigm, p. 121
  15. ^ Montanus as a paradigm, p. 115
  16. ↑ Research with the Karlsruhe Virtual Catalog
personal data
SURNAME Reina, Casiodoro de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Reyna, Casiodoro de; Reginaldus Gonsalvius Montanus (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish Protestant theologian
DATE OF BIRTH around 1520
PLACE OF BIRTH Seville , Spain
DATE OF DEATH March 15, 1594
Place of death Frankfurt am Main , Germany