Round-leaved tree shrike
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Round-leaved tree shrike ( Celastrus orbiculatus ) |
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The round-leaved tree shrike ( Celastrus orbiculatus ) is a climbing shrub with showy fruits and remarkable autumn colors from the spindle tree family (Celastraceae). The natural range is in the temperate zone of East Asia. The species is often used as an ornamental shrub, the fruits are used in traditional Chinese medicine.
description
The round-leaved tree shrike is a shrub that climbs up to 12 meters high . The branches are round, bare and brown to gray-brown with few and inconspicuous cork pores . The marrow is full and white. The axillary buds are 1 to 3 millimeters long, egg-shaped to elliptical. The leaves have a thin, 1 to 2 centimeter long stem. The leaf blade is simple, 5 to 13 centimeters long and 3 to 9 centimeters wide, usually broadly ovate, more rarely rounded or rectangular-elliptical, with a broadly rounded, prickly or briefly pointed tip, a broad wedge-shaped or bluntly rounded base and a serrated leaf margin. Three to five pairs of nerves are formed. Both sides are pale green, the upper side of the leaf is glabrous, the underside glabrous or sparsely hairy along the leaf veins.
The blue-green flowers are mostly dioecious and grow individually or up to seven in 1 to 3 centimeters long, zymous inflorescences, mostly in leaf axils or, more rarely, on branch ends. Male flowers have obtuse-triangular sepals , the petals are 3 to 4 millimeters long, 2 to 2.5 millimeters wide, obovate-elliptical to rectangular. The disc is flat cup-shaped, the lobes are flat with rounded-blunt ends. The stamens are 2 to 3 millimeters long. The corolla of female flowers is shorter than that of male. The discus is meaty. The staminodes are very short. The ovary is almost spherical, the stylus is about 1.5 millimeters long, the stigma is clearly triple lobed, the tips of the lobes are indistinctly double lobed. The fruits are 8 to 13 millimeters in size, almost round, orange-yellow, three-lobed capsules . The seeds are 4 to 5 millimeters long and 2.5 to 3 millimeters wide, slightly flattened, and reddish brown. The aril is orange-red.
The round-leaved tree shrike blooms from May to June, the fruits ripen from July to October.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 46.
Distribution and location requirements
The natural range is in temperate Asia in Mongolia, in Russia in the Primorye region and on Sakhalin , in the Chinese provinces of Anhui , Gansu , Hebei , Heilongjiang , Henan , Hubei , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , Jilin , Liaoning , in Inner Mongolia , in Shaanxi , Shandong , Sichuan and Zhejiang , on the Korean Peninsula and on the Japanese islands of Hokkaidō , Honshū , Kyushu and Shikoku . The species was naturalized in New Zealand and the southeastern United States. The round-leaved tree shrike grows in mixed forests, forest edges, thickets and on meadow slopes on moderately dry to fresh, weakly acidic to alkaline, moderately nutrient-rich soils in sunny to light-shaded, summer-cool and winter-cold locations. The species is frost hardy . The distribution area is assigned to winter hardiness zone 5a with mean annual minimum temperatures of −28.8 to −26.1 ° C (−20 to −15 ° F).
Systematics
The round-leaved tree shrike ( Celastrus orbiculatus ) is a species from the genus of the tree shrike ( Celastrus ), in which it is assigned to the subgenus Celastrus . The genus is assigned to the spindle tree family (Celastraceae), in which it is assigned to the subfamily Celastroideae. The species was first scientifically described by Carl Peter von Thunberg in 1784 . The generic name Celastrus was used for various evergreen species even before Linnaeus and is derived from the Greek kelastra for an evergreen tree. The specific epithet orbiculatus comes from Latin and means "circular". It refers to the shape of the leaf blades. A synonym of the species is Celastrus articulatus Thunb.
A distinction is made between two varieties , in addition to Celastrus orbiculatus var. Orbiculatus also Celastrus orbiculatus var. Punctatus (Thunb.) Deer with weaker growth, smaller leaves and ovoid-elliptical to elongated-elliptical leaf blades. The distribution area of the variety is in East Asia.
use
The round-leaved tree shrike is often used as an ornamental shrub because of the decorative fruits and the remarkable autumn colors . It also serves as a bee pasture . The fruits are used in traditional medicine in northeast and northern China. The bark is used to make fine fibers and the seeds contain 50% oil.
proof
literature
- Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 11: Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2008, ISBN 978-1-930723-73-3 , pp. 466, 471 (English).
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 172-173.
- Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 397-398 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ↑ German name after Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 172 and after Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 398
- ↑ a b c d e Roloff et al .: Flora of the Woods , p. 471
- ↑ a b c d Zhixiang Zhang, Michele Funston: Celastrus orbiculatus , in the Flora of China , Volume 11, p. 471
- ↑ Celastrus orbiculatus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c d Celastrus orbiculatus . In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed September 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Zhixiang Zhang, Michele Funston: Celastrus , in the Flora of China , Volume 11, p. 466
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 137
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 440
Web links
- Celastrus orbiculatus . In:The Plant List. Retrieved September 6, 2012.