Cethosia biblis
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Cethosia biblis |
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| ( Drury , 1773) |
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Cethosia biblis , syn .: Papilio biblis , also braid butterfly is a butterfly from the subfamily of the passion flower butterfly (Heliconiinae) within the family of the noble butterfly (Nymphalidae). It owes its scientific name to the pattern on the underside of the wings, which look like lettering from a book ("biblis" lat. Book ).
features
butterfly
The wingspan of the arched-toothed moth is 80 to 90 millimeters, or depending on the source, 60 to 70 millimeters. The underside of the forewing is orange-red in the inner part and contains three white-black bands. The outer part is mottled orange-yellow and white-black. In the middle there is a white band, which is lined with black lines. A white, jagged line runs along the edge of the wing on a dark background. The inner part of the underside of the hind wing is orange-red with a yellow band which is lined with black lines. The outer part of the wing is orange-yellow with a white band and black spots. At the edge of the wing the white, jagged line continues on the dark background of the forewing. On the upper side, the males are colored bright orange-red. On the forewing they have a broad brown border on the wing edge and white V-shaped markings. The wing tip is black and there is a white jagged line on the edge that can also be seen on the underside. The hind wing is orange-brown to orange-red and black towards the edge of the wing. Here, too, the characteristic white jagged line runs along the edge of the wing as well as a row of black spots. There are also more black spots in the inner area of the wing. The females, on the other hand, are significantly brown or olive-green, often also pale in color. The bright color is supposed to deter potential predators as the moths are poisonous.
Her body is simply colored black and brown.
Caterpillar
The body of the caterpillar is reddish-black with white stripes, a black head and long black poison spines.
Similar species
- Cethosia cyane ( Drury ), 1773
- Cethosia cydippe ( Linnaeus ), 1767
- Cethosia penthesilea ( Cramer ), 1777
Behavior and way of life
In the resting position, the adult moths keep their wings closed over their bodies so that the underside of their name can be seen. They take nectar from flowers of the solstices ( Heliotropium ), as well as lantana ( Lantana camara ) on. Their life expectancy is several weeks.
The caterpillars feed on passion flowers ( Passiflora ) and Adenia plants. They live together in groups of 5 to 6 individuals.
distribution and habitat
The distribution area of the species extends over India , Pakistan , Myanmar , as well as China and Malaysia , over Indonesia to the Philippines . Here she lives in the edges of the forest and clearings.
Subspecies
There are many known subspecies. The nominate form Cethosia biblis biblis is widespread in the Indian state of Assam as well as in central India and southwest China
- Cethosia biblis alceste , ( Fruhstorfer , 1905 ) - on Bawean an island in the Malay archipelago
- Cethosia biblis andamanica , ( graver , 1908 ) - on the Andaman archipelago in the Indian Ocean
- Cethosia biblis adantonia , ( Fruhstorfer, 1912 ) - in the western part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra
- Cethosia biblis adonarensis , ( Talbot , 1932 )
- Cethosia biblis amboinensis , ( Fields , 1867 ) - on the Indonesian island of Ambon
- Cethosia biblis atia , ( Fruhstorfer, 1905 ) - on the Indonesian islands of Kalao , Jampea
- Cethosia biblis biblina , ( Godart, 1919 )
- Cethosia biblis buruana , ( Holland, 1900 ) - on the Indonesian island of Buru
- Cethosia biblis ceramensis , ( Fruhstorfer, 1902 ) - on the Indonesian island of Seram
- Cethosia biblis floresiana , ( Fruhstorfer, 1902 ) - on the Indonesian island of Flores
- Cethosia biblis hainana , ( Fruhstorfer, 1908 ) - in the southern Chinese province of Hainan
- Cethosia biblis insularis , ( Fruhstorfer ?, Felder ?, 1861 ) - on the main Philippine island of Luzon
- Cethosia biblis javana , ( Fields, 1861 ) - on the Indonesian island of Java
- Cethosia biblis liacura , ( Fruhstorfer, 1912 ) - on the Philippine island of Mindanao
- Cethosia biblis logani , ( Distant , 1881) - in the eastern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra
- Cethosia biblis moesta , ( Felder & Felder, 1866 )
- Cethosia biblis nacoleia , ( Fruhstorfer, 1912 )
- Cethosia biblis narmada , ( Fruhstorfer, 1896 ) - on the Indonesian island of Lombok
- Cethosia biblis narmadoides , ( de Nicéville , 1898 ) - on the Indonesian island of Bali
- Cethosia biblis nicobarica , ( Felder, 1862 ) - on the Nicobar archipelago in the Indian Ocean
- Cethosia biblis perakana , ( Fruhstorfer , 1902) - in southern Thailand as well as the Malay peninsula and the island of Pulau Tioman, which belongs to Malaysia
- Cethosia biblis permanggilensis , ( Eliot , 1978) - on the Indonesian island of Pulau Pemanggil
- Cethosia biblis picta , ( Fields, 1867 ) - on the Indonesian islands of Sulawesi , Kabaena , Muna , Buton
- Cethosia biblis phanaroia , ( Fruhstorfer, 1912 ) - in the Chinese Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong
- Cethosia biblis sarsina , ( Fruhstorfer, 1912 ) - - on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi
- Cethosia biblis sandakana , ( Fruhstorfer, 1899 ) - in the northern part of the island of Borneo and the Philippine island of Palawan
- Cethosia biblis sumbana , ( Pagenstecher , 1894 ) - on the Indonesian islands of Sumba
- Cethosia biblis tagalorum , ( Fruhstorfer, 1912 ) - on the Philippine island of Mindoro
- Cethosia biblis tambora , ( Doherty , 1891 ) - on the Indonesian islands of Sumbawa
- Cethosia biblis tisamena , ( Fruhstorfer , 1912) - in North India via Burma to Siam
- Cethosia biblis togiana , ( Fruhstorfer, 1902 ) - on the Togian Islands belonging to Indonesia
- Cethosia biblis woolletti , ( Hall, 1929 )
status
The moth is usually found frequently. It is listed as not endangered in the IUCN Red List as well as in the Washington Convention on CITIES and in the EU regulation on trade in wild animal and plant species.
swell
literature
- Elizabeth Balmer: Butterflies: Recognizing and Identifying. Parragon Books, 2007, ISBN 9781407512037 , pp. 102-103
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Markku Savela , English, accessed on January 17, 2015
- ↑ a b c d e f Wijbren Landmann: Butterflies: Encyclopedia. Naumann & Göbel, 2002, ISBN 3-625103-46-X
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Butterflycorner , accessed on January 17, 2015
- ↑ a b Encyclopedia of Life , English, accessed January 17, 2015
- ↑ Ralph Sturm scientific nature photography ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 17, 2015
