Charles Gore (artist)
Charles Gore (born December 5, 1729 in Horkstow Hall , Lincolnshire , † January 23 (?) January 1807 in Weimar ) was an amateur artist, grand tour traveler and lover of the maritime. From 1791 he lived in Weimar and belonged to the circle of Duchess Anna Amalia von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe .
biography
Charles Gore's biography was written by Goethe around 1811 based on an English version of his daughter Emily Gore (1756–1826). This text was published as an addition to the biography of Jakob Philipp Hackert . In addition to this incomplete source , the brief mentions of the English traveler with the camera obscura in the elective affinities are probably related to him. Many journeys that are not mentioned in the biography are recognizable in his graphic work .
Gore came from a wealthy merchant family . He attended Westminster School and trained in a London trading house with his uncle John Gore. With the marriage of wealthy Mary Cockerill in 1751, he was able to devote himself exclusively to his interests. After the death of his father, he moved with his family to Southampton in 1759 and from there was able to capture the naval shipyards in Portsmouth and the roadstead of Spithead in watercolors , as well as take trips in this area with a self-designed ship, the cutter Snail . The brothers of the English King George III should him . , Duke of York , Duke of Gloucester and Duke of Cumberland . Until 1773 he made trips along the English Canal , which are documented in his watercolors.
When his wife fell ill, the Gore family's way of life changed fundamentally and was unstable until they moved to Weimar. At first we went to Lisbon in the hope that his wife's health would improve . From there they sailed on a frigate via Gibraltar and Port Mahon to Livorno . In Florence , Hanna married Anna, the youngest of Gore's three daughters, George Nassau Clavering-Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper (1738–1789). On this occasion, Johann Zoffany (1733–1810) created a painting of the Gore family with Earl Cowper.
During this time Gore lived in Rome , Naples and Florence again until 1778. It was then that he met Hackert, with whom he lived for two summers at Castel Gandolfo and Albano . While the biography suggests artistic activity on an equal footing, other publications speak of Gore's or Hackert's students.
Together with Richard Payne Knight (1750-1824) Hackert and Gore made a trip to Sicily in 1777 . Goethe had published Knight's diary in the addenda to Hackert's biography . The numerous sketches and watercolors from these trips were to be published in a monumental work. For economic reasons, this was not done. However, the work of Hackert and Gore Goethe later served as a memento for his Italian trip .
In the following years Gore traveled with Hackert to Switzerland and Venice , then only with his family via France , the Austrian and northern Netherlands to England . In 1785 he brought his sick wife to Spa for a cure , where she died. He then traveled through Germany with his daughters and was in Weimar for the first time in 1787. After visiting Berlin and Dresden , he settled in Weimar in 1791. He received the Jägerhaus from Duke Karl August , previously inhabited by Goethe (signature GSA 34 / IX, 6.3). In return, he received the Goethe House on Frauenplan, which is named after him today . Together with Georg Melchior Kraus (1737–1806) Gore documented the siege of Mainz . On this occasion Kraus portrayed Gore at breakfast. Furthermore, trips on the Danube and to Northern Germany are documented.
In Weimar society, Charles Gore and his daughters Emily and Eliza (1754–1802) belonged to Anna Amalia's evening party . The three are depicted in Kraus' 1795 watercolor group painting known as the Round Table . Especially the daughters are said to have done it to the Duke, among others. Even Friedrich Schiller called a daughter Emilie (GSA. Schiller X, 26). Both Gore daughters were arguably more artistically gifted than their father.
After his death in 1807, Charles Gore was buried next to his daughter, who had died earlier, in the vault of the Jakobskirchhof in Weimar. After the vault was closed in 1818, the remains were transferred to the court church in 1820 . The sarcophagus is located at the front in the left aisle and is decorated with a compass, a globe, a Bible, a painter's palette with a brush and a book or painter's portfolio, all covered by a palm frond.
Oeuvre
In addition to his artistic ambitions, he was a member of the Society of Dilettanti since 1781, he was also interested in shipbuilding . In 1799 his only publication appeared on this . He was also a member of the Society for Improvement of Naval Architecture .
Today his estate can be divided into the artistic and the bibliophile area. Over 1,800 books have found their way into the holdings of the ducal library (call number GSA 150 / B 44). For his library titles on the military, shipbuilding theory and travel literature can be verified. To this day, no final overview has been obtained for the graphic work. There are many drawings and sketches in many art collections and auction houses . The two most important collections are the graphic collection of the Goethe National Museum of the Klassik Stiftung Weimar and the National Maritime Museum Greenwich . There are four monumental portfolios and a large number of individual drawings in Weimar . His works mainly show coastal views, stations on his travels and depictions of ships.
A particular problem with his artistic work is the question of authorship. In his work there are copies of published panels, drawings by his contemporaries, e. B. Hackert available. These are often marked as such. It is different with the drawings by father and son Willem van de Velde . The palette ranges from drawings that have been left in their original form, to more or less strong revisions, to imitations and copies including forged signature .
literature
- Willy Ehrlich: ... because of the art relationship and friendly participation in life. Goethe's relations with Charles Gore , in: Goethe-Jahrbuch, 91 (1974), pp. 117-135
- Levett Hanson: "The Court of Saxe-Weimar" with German translation in: Heide Schulz: "Weimars Schönster Stern", Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8253-5887-7 , pp. 68–71 and 190–214
- Hannelore Henze: The Jakobskirchhof in Weimar Königswinter 1998
- Thomas Weidner: Jakob Philipp Hackert. Landscape painter in the 18th century. Berlin 1998
- Renate Müller-Krumbach: Charles Gore and his family in Weimar , in: Kuratorium Schloß Ettersburg (ed.): From Weimar to Europe. Three lectures on the culture-defining power of the classic city of Weimar. Weimar 2000 (Ettersburger Hefte 6), pp. 45-63
- Katharina Krügel: The travel pictures of Charles Gore in his artistic legacy or "You don't travel to arrive, but to travel" , in: Johann Rees, Winfried Siewers, Hilmar Tilgner (eds.): European journeys of political-social elites in the 18th Century. Theoretical reorientation, communicative practice, culture and knowledge transfer. Berlin 2002 (Enlightenment and Europe 6), pp. 313–324
- Peter D. Fraser: Charles Gore and the Willem Van de Veldes , in: Master Drawings 4 (1977), pp. 375-387
- RCB Oliver: Charles Gore: A Lincolnshire-born High Sheriff of Radnorshire , in: The Transactions of the Radnorshire Society, 1977
- Rolf Bothe, Ulrich Haussmann: Goethe's picture gallery: the beginnings of the art collections in Weimar. Weimar 2002
- Alexander Roob: Me too in Verdun: to the views and drawings of the war traveler Goethe. Weimar 2006
- Andreas Stolzenburg, Hubertus Gaßner (ed.): Jakob Philipp Hackert: Europe's landscape painter of the time of Goethe. Ostfildern 2008
swell
- Charles Gore: Result of two series of experiments towards ascertaining the respective velocity of floating bodies varying in form; and towards determining form best adapted to stability, or possessing most power of resisting the force of the wind in carrying sail: intended to cobvey useful hints to the constructors of ships; with observations: in a letter to the Society for Improvement of Naval Architecture . London 1799 [Weimar copy possibly burned [5] ; Full-text digitization in the database Eighteenth century collections can be viewed online at Galegroup.com via a German national license]
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Philipp Hackert. Supplements , in: Goethe's works. Weimar Edition, Department I, Vol. 46, Weimar 1891, pp. 331-340
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: The elective affinities. A novel. 2 vol. 306 and 340 pp., Tübingen: Cotta 1809
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Horkstow Hall , British Listed Buildings; sighted October 16, 2013
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Roob 2006, p. 40.
- ↑ Fraser 2006, p. 4.
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ [3]
- ↑ [4]
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Gore, Charles |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | British amateur artist, Grand Tour traveler and lover of the maritime |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 5, 1729 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Horkstow Hall , Lincolnshire |
| DATE OF DEATH | uncertain: January 23, 1807 |
| Place of death | Weimar |