Chemistry class
Chemistry class is the information in the scientific school subject chemistry in schools and educational institutions . Here, the content of chemistry for the classroom is prepared, taught and learned according to the rules of didactics and subject didactics of the school subject chemistry for school, training and further education (see under chemistry didactics ).
The chemistry classes in the professional school differs from general chemistry lesson in particular in that occupation-specific techniques and skills taught and practiced.
Motivation for chemistry class at school
Our everyday life can only be partially understood without knowledge of elementary scientific contexts. The development and research of industrial production processes that use mathematical and scientific knowledge have led to far-reaching changes in history and today (for example industrial revolution, modern communication technology).
It is the task of chemistry classes to provide insight into the composition of materials and processes in nature. Conversions of matter in animate and inanimate nature are also based on chemical reactions and should be recognized as such. Likewise, the imparting of scientific knowledge should be used to build an understanding of modern technology and a positive attitude towards it, since chemistry in particular has made a significant contribution to improving human living conditions through the introduction of new products. Chemistry can also facilitate access to philosophical questions, such as the origin of humans or the creation of the universe (see for example the Vis vitalis hypothesis).
However, the problems associated with the application are also discussed and, if necessary, criticized with the help of the acquired basic knowledge. It is important that chemistry not only causes environmental problems, but can also help to solve them. In addition to scientific methods, models of the structure of matter should also be developed.
School material ( curriculum , course content and topics)
The distribution of the material over the school years is regulated differently in the various states and federal states. This is why this overview ( secondary level I ) is kept very general.
- During the introduction to chemistry , the students should not only acquire basic experimental knowledge, such as handling Bunsen burners and hazardous substances, but also understand what chemistry is all about .
- Substances and their properties should lay a foundation: Substances that are used in everyday life should be familiarized with and investigated in experiments , their basic properties should be known ( e.g. salts , acids , metals and non-metals ...) and their classification into groups of substances .
- Mixtures of substances and pure substances : The pupils learn that mixtures of substances can be separated by physical methods ( separation methods , separation processes, separation techniques ) based on their substance properties (distillation, decanting, filtering, sieving, sublimating, ...).
- The chemical reaction is presented using examples of the synthesis and analysis and conversion of compounds.
- The periodic table of the elements gives students an overview of the elements and their properties. You will learn to read information about its physical properties and chemical behavior from the periodic table.
- Simple chemistry deals with oxygen , hydrogen , alkali metals and alkaline earth metals as well as halogens , for example .
- With quantitative relationships , the students are taught important laws of chemistry or mathematical connections between quantities such as mass , volume and amount of substance .
- Donor-acceptor concepts such as the Brönsted acid-base theory (acids = proton donors, bases = proton acceptors) and redox reactions (oxidation = electron donation, reduction = electron acceptance) help to understand, sort and finally predict the variety of chemical reactions .
- Introduction to organic chemistry : This covers simple hydrocarbons , alcohols and organic acids ( carboxylic acids ). Depending on the focus, the basics of fats and soaps , carbohydrates or plastics can also be taught.
In the upper secondary level , the following topics are usually also dealt with:
- Speed of chemical reactions and chemical equilibrium
- Electrochemistry and chemical energy generation ( electrolysis , voltage series , galvanic cells , batteries and accumulators )
- Analytical methods ( analytical chemistry ) for determining concentrations (simple titrations , e.g. acid-base titrations)
- Organic chemistry : meaning of functional groups , reaction types or simple reaction mechanisms , aromatic chemistry
- organic compounds with everyday relevance: e.g. B. dyes , plastics , surfactants
In order for chemistry lessons to function properly, state schools must have modern chemistry rooms and a chemistry collection, for the material and financial arrangements of which there are written recommendations from the responsible school authority . To ensure safe and orderly operation, the school management must commission a competent teacher who is able to apply and implement the provisions of the RiSU . The DGUV u. a. through the "Safe School" website and the DeGINTU safety tool , which can be used to create interactive risk assessments and a chemical register. For further education and training is involved within the German Chemical Society , the Department of Chemistry lessons that the magazine Chemkon out there. Other magazines for chemistry classes include: B. Science in the classroom - chemistry and chemistry in our time .
Teaching works
Examples of school books, literature in and for chemistry lessons:
- Bäurle u. a .: Prisma Chemie 7-10, Edition A; Klett-Verlag, Stuttgart; 1st edition (2006), ISBN 3-12-068560-7 (general edition for chemistry lessons in secondary school classes 7-10, edition B on this: ISBN 978-3-12-068550-0 ; it exists for the curriculum Each federal state has its own editions, examples: Prisma Chemie 7/8, edition North Rhine-Westphalia (2007), ISBN 3-12-068500-3 , Prisma NWA / Chemie 4/5, edition Baden-Württemberg (2005), ISBN 3-12 -068535-6 and others)
- Asselborn, Jäckel u. a .: Chemistry today - upper secondary level; Schroedel-Verlag, Hanover (1998), ISBN 3-507-10630-2 and subsequent editions (for chemistry lessons at high school , from grade 11)
- Amann, Eisner et al. a .: elements chemistry II; Klett-Verlag, Stuttgart (1991), ISBN 3-12-759800-9 and subsequent editions (also for chemistry lessons at high schools, from grade 11)
- Brackmann, Peter, Grote-Wolff, Astrid a. a .: Specialist knowledge chemistry 1: core qualifications for laboratory professions, Europa-Verlag, Haan-Gruiten 2011, 1st edition, ISBN 978-3-8085-6991-7 (for apprentices as chemical laboratory technicians and similar laboratory professions)
- Wächter, Michael: chemistry laboratory. Introduction to Laboratory Practice, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2011, 1st edition, ISBN 978-3-527-32996-0 (for first-year chemistry students at universities and universities of applied sciences, for apprentices as chemical-technical assistants, CTA, chemical laboratory technicians, etc.)
- Ignatowitz, Haering: Chemistry for school and work; Europe teaching aids, Haan-Gruiten; ISBN 3-8085-7054-7 (For introductory chemistry classes at vocational schools , chemistry as a general subject)
- Brackmann, Peter, Grote-Wolff, Astrid a. a .: Specialist knowledge chemistry 1: core qualifications for laboratory professions, Europa-Verlag, Haan-Gruiten 2011, 1st edition, ISBN 978-3-8085-6991-7 (for apprentices as chemical laboratory technicians and similar laboratory professions)
- Wächter, Michael: Book of tables of chemistry. Data on analytics, laboratory practice and theory, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2012, 1st edition, ISBN 978-3-527-32960-1 (data collection for use in training in chemistry and analytics laboratories )
- Eckhardt, S., Gottwald, W., Stieglitz, B .: 1 × 1 der Laborpraxis. Process-oriented laboratory technology for studies and vocational training, wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-527-31657-1 (introduction to laboratory practice for chemical laboratory technician training)
- Brink, Fastert, Ignatowitz: Technical mathematics and data evaluation for laboratory professions ; Europe teaching aids, Haan-Gruiten; 1st edition (2002); ISBN 3-8085-7171-3 (For chemistry lessons at the vocational school , stoichiometry / technical computing chemistry, for chemistry professions )
- Guardian: substances, particles, reactions. Verlag Handwerk und Technik, Hamburg (2000), ISBN 3-582-01235-2 (also for vocational chemistry classes at vocational schools)
- Dehnert, Jäckel et al. a .: general chemistry ; Schroedel-Verlag, Hannover (1997), ISBN 3-507-10611-6 (For high schools and vocational schools, from grade 11, supplementary volume: Organic Chemistry , ISBN 3-507-10612-4 )
See also
Basic principles / rules as the content of the introductory chemistry class are e.g. B .:
- Conservation of mass law (1st basic law of chemistry)
- Law of constant proportions (2nd basic law of chemistry)
- Law of Multiple Proportions (3rd Basic Law of Chemistry)
Web links
- Link catalog on chemistry classes at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
- Chemistry for career changers (autodidactic learning, not only in class)
- MINT educational initiative of the IHK organization - experiments, teaching materials and extracurricular lessons
Individual evidence
- ↑ Recommendations for modern equipment in the chemical sector - ISB - State Institute for School Quality and Educational Research. Retrieved November 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Klaus Ruppersberg: Help - I'll take over a chemistry collection! In: Chemistry in Our Time . tape 49 , no. 4 . Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2015, p. 279–281 , doi : 10.1002 / ciuz.201500704 ( wiley.com [accessed November 2, 2019]).
- ↑ Safe School Home. Retrieved November 2, 2019 .