Corporation house
A corporation house is the building built or purchased by a fraternity for fraternity life . Other names are connection house , Bundeshaus , Bude (especially in Austria ) or - in the case of Corps - Corpshaus . Baltic student associations have a convent quarter .
history
Late 19th and early 20th centuries
While the first connections in today's sense emerged around 1800, most of the corporation houses are significantly younger. It was not until the 1880s that the increased commitment of the so-called old men , former students, who remained connected to their connection even after their studies, and the formation of old gentlemen's associations, the material basis for the acquisition of real estate emerged. In the time of the German Empire , connections played a major role in social life. A representative house provided the right framework.
Another reason for the emergence of corporation houses was the increasing number of associations at the end of the 19th century. At the time, it was still common for people to get together in the bars and clubs, but the absolute number of restaurants remained behind the number of connections. The result was that several connections had often rented rooms in an inn, which in turn often led to friction between them, which in turn could not be avoided because a move to another inn was not possible. As a way out of this situation, your own liaison house offered itself.
Share of the Bonn Preußenkneipe , drawn by Wilhelm II.
Pub house project of the Landsmannschaft Darmstadtia Gießen
Share certificate in the house of the Corps Austria Frankfurt am Main
Corresponding to the architectural development of the Wilhelminian era , the first corporation houses were built as villas in the then developing new residential areas of the bourgeoisie - for the first time outside the medieval walls of the old cities, as it were as "little houses in the countryside" (see also garden city ). In view of today's urban development situation, the houses are mainly in the best residential areas in the immediate vicinity of the city center. According to the time and the taste of the time, several corp houses in the castle style were rebuilt as beer castles . Extreme examples of this type of construction with Gothic towers and battlements are the corp houses of Hannovera and Starkenburgia , which were built in the 1890s, the latter even being influenced by the real model of the Starkenburg .
Hannovera Göttingen
Starkenburgia Giessen
At first, the students always met in pubs in the university town, with whose hosts they concluded usage agreements. The creation of own “pubs” (corp houses) for the active began in Marburg . In 1862 an old man bought a house for his Corps Teutonia Marburg . In Heidelberg, in the 1870s, an old man bought the pub for the Corps Saxo-Borussia Heidelberg , where the Corps boys have met since the Corps was founded in 1820. The first corporation house to be architecturally built as such in Germany was the Corps Rhenania Tübingen house, which was completed in 1886 . From the winter semester of 1882/83, planning, land purchase and construction were carried out by the active members of the Corps under the leadership of Karl Hermann Siegeneger , who reciprocated in 1880 , whose ashes are buried in the western front of the house.
The vast majority of corporation houses were built between 1895 and 1910. The oldest house used as a corporation house is the Jakobertor in Augsburg. The building, erected in the 14th century, is now rented and used by the Rheno-Palatia fraternity. The corp house of Saxonia Konstanz is the former infirmary of the city of Konstanz and was built in 1500. In November 1884 the Corps Rhenania Würzburg bought the Huttenschlösschen (Würzburg) built in 1720 for the Würzburg Prince-Bishop Christoph Franz von Hutten , which is still used today as a corp house. The house of the Corps Pomerania-Silesia Bayreuth, built in 1753, also has a long tradition. It used to be a restaurant for hunting parties. Franz Liszt and Cosima Wagner also frequented there and sat together at the piano.
In 1913 91% of the Kösener and 78% of the Weinheimer Corps had their own house. The picture was mixed for the fraternities : 45 of the 66 member fraternities of the German fraternity had their own house (68%), but only 16 of the 35 technical fraternities of the Rüdesheim Association of German fraternities (46%) and only 6 of the 41 fraternities of the Austrian umbrella organization Fraternity of the Ostmark (15%). In terms of denominational student associations, the share of the Cartel Association of Catholic German Student Associations was the highest at 29%, followed by the Schwarzburgbund (25%) and the CV (23.5%). The rate was lowest with the Unitas Association , where at that time only one of the 20 member associations had its own house.
time of the nationalsocialism
The DC circuit in the era of National Socialism forced the connections to abandon their homes. After the annexation of Austria and in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia , many houses fell to camaraderie of the National Socialist German Student Union , which used them as student dormitories and training rooms. A number of corporations have been expropriated or delayed the transfer by legal means.
Max Blunck , leader of the German corps student body, said:
"The Corps Comradeship House means living together for the first and second semesters under the leadership of the senior, in a simple and somewhat military, but absolutely hygienic (!) Form."
After 1945
After the Second World War , many of these expropriated houses were regained - at least in the Federal Republic of Germany and Austria. In cases in which the houses had been sold or voluntarily transferred, there was only the option of buying them back if the new owner was willing to sell. Many connections - whether in East or West - could not regain their houses and had to acquire new ones, some modern houses, but some very old residential buildings. Often, however, it was a matter of normal residential buildings, which were adapted as well as possible to the requirements of the communal life; this solution was also often practiced in the newly founded universities in the 1970s, where no traditional fraternity houses existed. Since the 1990s, individual corporation houses have been rebuilt in Germany - also in the old federal states . The maintenance of the old houses is usually very expensive due to their size, but is accepted as part of the maintenance of tradition. Since most of these houses are listed as cultural monuments, funding for the preservation of monuments can be used. Basically, the use in the original sense is the best way to keep the connecting houses true to the original; if they are used for other purposes, conversions are often necessary that distort the original character.
use
Corporation houses today form the framework for the student life of the connections. Today (in contrast to planning during construction) the use as a student residence - usually for the members of the connection - is particularly important . Sometimes there is even an obligation to have lived as an active member for a certain time on the house of the connection. In general, the rental costs for rooms in corporate houses are very cheap compared to the rental prices for student accommodation in general.
The use as a meeting building and event location is also of great importance. The center of a normal corporation is usually formed by the large and small "pubs", rooms for the most varied of forms of student events ( pubs , commers, etc.). There are also additional living spaces for everyday life, a library, rooms for administration, correspondence and archives as well as infrastructure such as kitchens and storage rooms.
Ladies' salon in the house of the Corps Vitruvia Munich
Beating connections need a space for drumming and for storing and caring for the drum kit . Many corporation houses have separate apartments for the housekeeper and / or the caretaker.
Linguistic
In corporation circles it says "on the house" (abbreviated "a. D. H.") instead of "in the house". So you say, for example, “I'm going to the house” and not “I'm going to the house”. The same applies to the student flat, so you do not say "home," but students linguistically "in office". In Austria one hears and reads the phrase "at the house".
Others
In the case of the American women's fraternity Chi Omega , their fraternity house in Tallahassee was haunted by serial killer Ted Bundy in 1978 . In a short time he attacked four students of the connection and murdered two of them, Lisa Levy and Margaret Bowman. The Florida murder made headlines across the country, and the traces left behind contributed to Bundy's arrest and conviction. The fraternity house or the former crime scene is still regarded by many as eerie or, according to the author Daniel Barefoot, as a place of occasional spooks.
- Fraternity houses
Fraternitas Arctica at 8 Little Sand Street in Riga
Home of the Chi Omega Chapter at Ohio University
literature
- Richard Dollinger: About student fraternity houses . 1914.
- Rainer Assmann : On the interior design of a corp house , 1987. GoogleBooks
- Wilhelm G. Neusel (ed.): Small castles, large villas. Portrait of Tübingen fraternity houses , Tübingen 2009, ISBN 978-3-924123-70-3 .
- Peter Hauser : From the Kommers house to the corp house. On the history of student fraternity houses . Einst und Jetzt Band , Vol. 49 (2004), pp. 35–50
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ All figures: Frank Grobe: Compass and gear. Engineers in the bourgeois emancipation struggle around 1900. The history of the technical fraternity . (Representations and sources on the history of the German unity movement in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Volume 17, edited by Klaus Oldenhage). Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2009. S. 609
- ↑ Hans Peter Hümmer : "Ewigkeit sworn Eyden" - 200 years Corps Onoldia . Erlangen 1998 - ISBN 3-00-003028-X .
- ↑ Stephen Michaud, Hugh Aynesworth (August 1999): The Only Living Witness: The True Story of Serial Sex Killer Ted Bundy (Paperback). Irving, Texas: Authorlink Press. ISBN 978-1-928704-11-9 , pp. 230, 283-285
- ^ Daniel W. Barefoot: Haunted Halls of Ivy: Ghosts of Southern Colleges and Universities . John F. Blair, Publisher, 2004, ISBN 978-0-89587-287-6 , pp. 46 ( google.com [accessed February 23, 2016]).