Dąbrówno
| Dąbrówno | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Ostróda | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 26 ' N , 20 ° 2' E | ||
| Residents : | 1014 (March 31, 2011) | ||
| Postal code : | 14-120 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 89 | ||
| License plate : | NOS | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Działdowo - Ostróda | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Rural community | ||
| Gmina structure: | 26 villages | ||
| 17 school authorities | |||
| Surface: | 165.37 km² | ||
| Residents: | 4309 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 26 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2815022 | ||
| Administration (as of 2007) | |||
| Community leader : | Tadeusz Błaszkiewicz | ||
| Address: | ul.Kosciuszki 21 14-120 Dąbrówno |
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| Website : | www.dabrowno.pl | ||
Dąbrówno [ dɔm'bruvnɔ ] ( German Gilgenburg ) is a village and seat of a rural community in the powiat Ostródzki ( Powiat Osterode in East Prussia) in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .
Geographical location
The place is located in the historical region of East Prussia , on an isthmus between the Great Damerausee to the east and the Kleiner Damerausee (Dąbrowa Wielka and Dąbrowa Mała) to the west, about 50 kilometers southwest of Olsztyn (Allenstein).
In the north, both lakes are connected by the small river Wicker. The surrounding area belongs to the southern part of what was previously known as Kernsdorfer Höckerland, the highest point of which is the 312 meter high Kernsdorfer Höhe about 20 kilometers north of the village. A secondary road leads to European route 77 , 18 kilometers away , which can also be used to reach the district town of Ostróda (Osterode).
The area of the two battles near Tannenberg in 1410 and 1914 is eight kilometers north of the town.
history
At the beginning of the 14th century , the Teutonic Order built a castle on the isthmus, which is surrounded by water and therefore strategically located . There had already been two Prussian fortifications at the same location . In a document from the Christburg Commandery from 1316, the Knight of the Order Beringer is mentioned by reports as a curator of the "House of Ilienburg". The name is derived from the Prussian ilga (long). The order settled German immigrants in the area of the castle. The settlement evidently developed favorably, because as early as 1326, according to a report by the order clerk Peter von Dusburg , the Christburg Commander Luther of Braunschweig granted it city rights. The name Gilgenburg was consolidated at the beginning of the 16th century via "Ilienburg" and "Ilgenburg". The city became the seat of a bailiff and a chamber office. Located near the border with Poland, the city was repeatedly drawn into the armed conflict between the Order and Poland. On their way to the Tannenberg Battle of 1410, Polish troops captured the city two days earlier on July 13, 1410 and destroyed it together with the castle. In 1414 the Poles again attacked the city, which was then so depressed that the Bailiwick and the Chamber Office had to be relocated to the Vierzighuben Order. In 1440 Gilgenburg joined the “ Prussian Confederation ”, which rebelled against the order , but soon submitted to the order again during the city war .
Having run into financial difficulties due to the war against Poland, the order began to pawn cities as replacements for mercenary wages. Gilgenburg was pledged to the mercenary leader Georg von Löben in 1475 . However, this was only the beginning of a chain of changes of ownership; Only when the city was acquired by Captain Felix von Finckenstein on April 24, 1572, continuity returned. The Finck von Finckenstein family held the property well into the 20th century. After the monastic state had been secularized to the Duchy of Prussia in 1525 , Gilgenburg was administratively subordinated to the Oberland District and became the seat of a hereditary office. The city retained the status of hereditary office until 1818. Before that, the city was assigned to the Neidenburg district as part of an administrative reform . From 1818 Gilgenburg finally belonged to the Osterode district . During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) the Russian army temporarily occupied the city, the inhabitants of which had to raise provisions. Gilgenburg fared similarly badly during Napoleon's campaign against Prussia . In January 1807 there were 6,000 French soldiers under Marshal Ney in and around Gilgenburg . When they looted the city when they left, they left behind such severe damage that the city had not paid off the debts for the reconstruction until 1832. The expansion of modern traffic routes from the middle of the 19th century initially passed Gilgenburg by. It was not until 1910 that it was connected to the Osterode – Soldau railway line.
So the place remained an insignificant agricultural town, which had 1885 1862 inhabitants. On August 30, 1914, another historic battle took place near Gilgenburg. Under the command of Hindenburg and Ludendorff , the German army defeated the 2nd Russian Army. At the suggestion of Hindenburg, the victory was named the "Battle of Tannenberg". The First World War , which was lost four years later, had a particularly negative impact on Gilgenburg, as the city was cut off from its western hinterland by the creation of the “ Polish Corridor ”. In addition, the Versailles Treaty forced the residents of the Osterode district to make a referendum between Poland and East Prussia. Both the city and the district decided on July 11, 1920 to remain in East Prussia; in Gilgenburg the result was 1203: 40. As a result of the economic insignificance, the population fell to 1678 by 1939. At that time, 30 percent of the workforce were employed in agriculture and forestry, 37 percent in trade and transport and 34 percent in industry and crafts.
The Reich Labor Service set up a camp for around 50 people in Gilgenburg. In January 1945, the city was conquered and occupied by the Red Army with severe damage . After the war, Gilgenburgh was placed under Polish administration. The influx of Polish civilians began. The Polish authorities recognized the town's rights and renamed Gilgenburg Dąbrowno . Where German locals had not fled, they were in the period that followed sold .
The town church and parts of the fortifications were spared from destruction in the war; but only after 1990 did the expansion of the old town begin.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1782 | 900 | without the garrison (a squadron of hussars ) |
| 1831 | 1,099 | half of Poland |
| 1837 | 1,123 | |
| 1885 | 1,740 | |
| 1933 | 1,578 | |
| 1939 | 1,723 |
local community
The rural community of Dąbrówno includes 17 districts (German names until 1945) with a Schulzenamt:
- Brzeźno Mazurskie (Bergling)
- Dąbrówno (Gilgenburg)
- Elgnowo (Elgenau)
- Gardyny ( curtains )
- Jagodziny (Ketzwalde)
- Leszcz (Heeselicht)
- Lewałd Wielki (Groß Lehwalde)
- Łogdowo (Logdau)
- Marwałd (Marwalde)
- Odmy (Odmy)
- Okrągłe (Klein Lehwalde)
- Osiekowo (Oschekau)
- Ostrowite (Osterwitt)
- Samin (Seemen)
- Tułodziad (Taulensee)
- Wądzyn (Wansen)
- Wierzbica (Vierzighufen)
Other villages in the municipality are Bartki (Bardtken) , Dabrowa, Fiugajki (Fiugaiken) , Jabłonowo (Jablonowo , 1938-1945 Three lilies) , Jakubowo (Jacubowo , 1938-1945 Wellhausen) , Kalbornia (Kahlenborn) , Pląchawy (Plonchau) , Stare Miasto ( Old town) and Saminek ( beautiful woods ) .
Attractions
sons and daughters of the town
- Ludwig Finck von Finckenstein (1743–1803), judge and minister in Prussia
- Otto Brodde (1910–1982), church musician
- Gerhard Schmidt (1914–2006), army officer
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 28, section 3.1.
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, pp. 432–433, no. 36.
- Daniel Heinrich Arnoldt : Brief messages from all preachers who have admitted to the Lutheran churches in East Prussia since the Reformation . Königsberg 1777, pp. 480-482.
- Chronicle of the city of Gilgenburg, Osterode district (1326–1851). 1983, ISBN 3-922953-51-4 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Da̜brówno in the catalog of the German National Library
- History of Dabrówno – Gilgenburg (ostpreussen.net)
- Gilgenburg (GenWiki)
- Pictures from Gilgenburg (East Prussia picture archive)
- Community website
Individual evidence
- ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on February 19, 2018
- ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 28, section 3.1.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, pp. 432–433, no. 36.
- ↑ Karl Friedrich Merleker : Lahr book of historical comparativen geography . Volume 4, part 2, Darmstadt 1843, p. 403.
- ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. osterode.html # ew33ostrgilgenburg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ The Genealogical Place Directory