Egestorffshall

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Around 1835: The Egestorffshall salt works with the graduation tower on salt marshes . In the background the Lindener Berg with the windmill and the mountain inn built in 1825 by Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves for Johann Egestorff ; Gouache as a “ facsimile ” from the Hanover archive

Egestorffshall was the name of a brine spring with saline and an attached chemical factory for the extraction of table salt and other chemicals near Hanover . The saltworks was named after its owner Georg Egestorff , whose first own company it represented. He himself soon rose to become “the largest and most successful entrepreneur in the Kingdom of Hanover ”.

The source was discovered three times and it took over three centuries from the first written record until the salt monopoly in northern Germany , which had existed since the Middle Ages by the city of Lüneburg , was broken by the Egestorffshall saltworks at the beginning of industrialization . The company, which quickly rose to become the second largest salt producer in the German Empire , was located west of today's freight bypass between Soltekamp and Fosse in the Hanover district of Badenstedt .

history

The oldest surviving written record of the discovery of the brine spring dates back to 1639 during the Thirty Years' War , but was ignored for a long time. It was not until 139 years later, at the time of the Electorate of Hanover , that the salt spring was discovered a second time, when the garden inspector, pharmacist and court botanist Friedrich Ehrhart , who worked in Herrenhausen , discovered the salt springs of Badenstedt in addition to other mineral springs in 1778. He found the Badenstedter salt plants and concluded that there must be a brine spring there. On November 22nd, 1722 , the Hanoverian magazine printed an article about this under the heading “Advertisement from some of the salt springs located in Hanover.” But the newspaper article received little attention at the time and was soon forgotten again.

At the beginning of the 1830s, before industrialization began in the kingdom, Georg Egestorff, "the son of the legendary Kalkjohann" Johann Egestorff , read one day about the Badenstedter salt plants. On his own explorations at the place described, the local shepherd told him about pools of water with a salty taste; and some farmers in the village complained that the crops grown on the salty arable land only grew poorly. Georg Egestorff, on the other hand, described "a snow-like touch of salty taste".

Johann Egestorff was initially opposed to commercial exploitation of the brine, but a chemical analysis showed that "very usable, pure and strong table salt" could be obtained. Against the wishes of his father Johann, Georg Egestorff borrowed “foreign money” and signed a contract with the municipality of Badenstedt on July 12, 1831, by which he was allowed to take samples on any property and - if salt were found - one there To build a salt works. The landowner should then be paid a rent for it; In addition, the community was to receive sixty himts of salt for distribution to the local farmers according to a certain distribution formula. Egestorff began drilling immediately and in November 1831 encountered a weak salt solution at a depth of 116 feet . Above it, he had a saltworks built to extract salt (for example at the site of today's Badenstedt gymnastics club from 1891 ).

Egestorff initially had to invest around 15,000 talers before he was able to pump up enough saturated brine to his graduation tower for the first time in five to six years through deep drilling . Only now could the brine be profitably sold after it had trickled over the bundles of brushwood and reached an even higher degree of chemical saturation due to the evaporation of the water .

An unknown painter handed down a gouache from the early days of the Egestorffshall salt works from around 1835 . It shows the graduation tower, which is only a few years old, and a small boiling house with a high chimney. A horse-drawn carriage can be seen in front of the half-timbered extensions and two small pumping stations in an otherwise undeveloped area. There is only a narrow footpath for hikers across the meadow-like green spaces to the Lindener Berg in the background, on which the windmill can be seen and the mountain inn built by the architect Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves for Johann Egestorff from 1825 , which later had to give way to the water reservoir .

Also in 1835 the salt yield was only 165 tons. It was only with another deep borehole in 1838 that Egestorf finally came across a highly concentrated salt solution, which meant that the graduation house could be omitted, the lower energy consumption for salt boiling finally made the plant profitable and a total production of 1000 tons was achieved in the same year.

As early as 1840 an independent access road led to the Egestorffshall saltworks, but it was not until 1909 that it was given its current name Am Soltekamp after the field name of the crossed area.

In 1850, the Egestorff company produced around 6,600 tons of evaporated salt with eight boiling pans , a third of which was already being exported . At the same time, fierce competition with the saltworks in Lüneburg had broken out.

The people of Baden, however, benefited several times, on the one hand from the steadily growing trade and property tax revenues, on the other hand from jobs , either in three-shift operation directly in the factory or in the transport of the extracted salt.

A special customer was the Limmerbrunnen spa , which needed less the salt than the brine extracted by Egestorffshall in order to be able to satisfy the demands of the spa guests for sulfur brine baths .

In order to be able to profitably use the waste materials that arise during salt production , Georg Egestorff founded a chemical factory on Göttinger Strasse in 1839 , right next to the existing Egestorff machine factory . With these new production facilities for chemicals , Glauber's salt , sulfuric acid , hydrochloric acid , chlorinated lime or zinc chloride could also be produced. The local soda factory was the only one in the whole kingdom until 1855. However, the mix of chemicals also left behind a number of large, hazardous waste materials . In some cases, Egestorff also used the manufactured products himself for further use in his " Lindener Ultramarine Factory ", which he founded in 1856 on Davenstedter Straße (at the height of today's West Schnellweg ).

The primer factory founded by Egestorff in 1861 on Lindener Berg (on today's Bornumer Straße , corner of Am Ihlpohl ) can also be explained by the chemicals extracted from the salt works.

After Georg Egestorff's death in 1868, all of his salt-extracting and processing companies were initially merged to form the Georg Egestorff Salzwerke corporation .

In the boom phase that began after the Franco-Prussian War due to the French reparation payments , the stock corporation also acquired the Neuhall saltworks, which had been founded two decades earlier in the Davenstedt area by Carl Niemeyer and his brother Heinrich in 1852 . Also in 1872, all of the companies founded by Egestorff, with the exception of the Hanomag machine factory , were merged to form AG Georg Egestorff Salt Works and Chemical Factories .

Around 1900 around 42,000 tons of different types of salt were extracted. Around 200 workers were already working on the boreholes, which reached depths of 150 and 225 meters, and in the 32 boiling pans . At the beginning of the 20th century, the Egestorff salt works had become the second largest salt producer in the German Empire. In 1907 the export to overseas was expanded.

Towards the end of the Weimar Republic , the Hanoverian Kali Chemie AG acquired the majority of the shares in the Egestorff salt works in 1931 and brought the shares under their sole control in 1938 during the Nazi era . In the same year the annual production reached 49,000 tons of salt. The complete takeover was followed by a "radical modernization in both salt pans", which resulted in an increase in annual capacity to now 60,000 tons.

After the bombing of Hannover in the Second World War , during which, however, only the pan plants were destroyed in the salt works that could salt promotion soon be resumed. Only Neuhall received no operating license from the British military rulers .

Kali Chemie shut down both salt pans in Hanover in 1965 and sold the company property with around 200,000 square meters to the city of Hanover. This had the factory buildings and technical systems as well as the attached factory housing demolished by 1969.

Others

In Badenstedt remember different street names Egestorffshall so once at the risen after 1970 in Sports club grounds street at the Saline beginning Salzweg , who had emerged as early as 1850 as dirt, in 1909 the name Bruchweg and in 1959 received its present name since it led to Saline . According to the entry in the address book of the city of Hanover , the street Salzwiesen , which was laid out in 1957, was named “after the saltworks located there”.

The Historical Museum in Hanover has a photograph by Egestorffshall from around 1914 as well as a high-resolution panorama photograph showing extensive industrial facilities "around 1926" as a "view from Lindener Berg over the Egestorffshall salt works".

The Plantage Kulturtreff also has at least one historical picture document that shows a worker filling 50 kg sacks in front of a salt mountain.

Media coverage (selection)

  • Torsten Bachmann: White gold from Badenstedt and Davenstedt - history of salt production in Egestorffshall and Neuhall. In: Hallo Ahlem, May 5, 2013, p. 4; downloadable as a PDF document , last accessed on November 30, 2014

literature

  • Franz Rudolf Zankl : Saline Egestorffshall near Badenstedt. Gouache. Around 1835. In: Hanover Archive , Vol. 6: Die Bürgerstadt , Sheet B7
  • Michael Kurth: The old salt works. 1831-1965. Badenstedt and Davenstedt under the sign of their Egestorffshall and Neuhall salt works. History and stories about the everyday life of the people in front of and behind the factory walls (= Hanover: district culture work - for example , booklet 2), ed. from the state capital Hanover: The Oberstadtdirektor - Kulturamt, Hanover: Kulturamt, 1991
  • Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Egestorff - Georg Egestorff salt works. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , pp. 145f.
  • Torsten Bachmann : White gold from Badenstedt and Davenstedt. History of salt production in Egestorfshall and Neuhall. In: Hallo Ahlem, May 5, 2013, p. 4; also as a PDF document from torsten-bachmann.de

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Franz Rudolf Zankl: Saline Egestorffshall ... (see literature)
  2. ↑ a b c Waldemar R. Röhrbein: EGESTORFF, (1) Georg. In: Dirk Böttcher, Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , p. 104.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Torsten Bachmann: Weißes Gold… (see under the section media coverage )
  4. ^ Dieter Brosius : early industrialization in Linden - stagnation in Hanover. In: History of the City of Hanover , Vol. 2: From the beginning of the 19th century to the present , ed. by Klaus Mlynek and Waldemar R. Röhrbein , Schlütersche, Hannover 1994, ISBN 3-87706-364-0 , here: p. 294; online through google books
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Waldemar R. Röhrbein: Egestorff - Georg Egestorff Salwerke (see literature)
  6. ↑ Dirk Böttcher : EHRHART, Jacob Friedrich. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 106.
  7. ↑ Waldemar R. Röhrbein: EGESTORFF, (2) Johann. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 104f.
  8. ^ Eva Benz-Rababah : Lindener Berg. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 409
  9. ↑ Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Am Lindener Berge 27. In: Hannover Art and Culture Lexicon , p. 82
  10. ↑ Helmut Zimmermann : Am Soltekamp. In: The street names of the state capital Hanover , Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 21
  11. ↑ Helmut Zimmermann: Salzweg and Salzwiesen. In: The street names of the state capital ... , p. 216
  12. ^ Reprint of the photo in the Hanover City Lexicon under the heading industrialization , p. 314ff.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Deviating from this it was said: "Around the middle of the century around 1000 tons of table salt were produced here", compare Franz Rudolf Zankl: Saline Egestorffshall ... (see literature)

Coordinates: 52 ° 21 ′ 34.9 "  N , 9 ° 40 ′ 27.5"  E