Erasmus Happy

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Erasmus Fröhlich SJ (also Erasmus Froehlich, Erasmus Frölich or Erasmus Froelich ; * October 2, 1700 in Graz , † July 7, 1758 in Vienna ) was an Austrian Jesuit, historian , librarian and numismatist .

Life

Erasmus Fröhlich entered the Jesuit order after completing secondary school on October 10, 1716 in Vienna and completed a two-year novitiate . Then he went to Leoben , went through the Humaniora and began studying philosophy in Graz in 1719 . From 1722 to 1726 he was a teacher in Klagenfurt , where he also learned Greek and Latin . From 1726 to 1731 he studied mathematics and later theology in Vienna and dealt with the Hebrew language . Then he went to Tertiate to Judenburg . From 1732 he became professor of ethics at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Vienna and also taught the basics of mathematics , but soon resigned from public office and taught higher mathematics in his order . From 1738 to 1741 he was prefect of the Mathematical Museum. Due to the influence of his friars Christian Edschlager (1699–1741) and Karl Granelli (1671–1739), the confessor of the widow Wilhelmine Amalie von Braunschweig-Lüneburg , he began to deal intensively with numismatics .

In 1746 he became a teacher of history , heraldry , diplomacy and Greek language and literature at the Theresianum, newly founded by Maria Theresia . In 1748 he began to organize and catalog the library compiled by Pius Nikolaus Garelli , which his son Johann Baptist Hannibal Garelli (1719–1741) had designated for public use in his will. In 1749 the "Garellische Bibliothek" became publicly accessible.

Emperor Franz I commissioned Erasmus Fröhlich, Valentin Jamerai Duval and Josef Khell to catalog the imperial coin collection . This work was completed in 1755 and the results were published in the two-volume catalog Numismata Cimelii Caesarei Regii Austriaci Vindobonensis . The coins that he received from Franz I and Maria Theresa in recognition of his work were passed on to the Theresianum, where they were exhibited in the Garellian library.

From 1748 Fröhlich suffered from stone pain . In 1756 he was operated on by Natale Giuseppe Pallucci (1719–1797) who removed a bladder stone . After a short recovery, he died on July 7th (according to other sources on July 8th) 1758 of side fever . Josef Khell succeeded him as head of the library, followed by Michael Denis. Josef Khell took over the management of the coin collection, followed by Joseph Hilarius Eckhel .

In the coin cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna there is an oil painting by Erasmus Fröhlich by Peter Fendi .

At the Institute for Cultural History of Antiquity of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, an edition of the scientific correspondence between Erasmus Fröhlich and Josef Khell is being prepared under the direction of Bernhard Woytek .

plant

From 1733 Erasmus Fröhlich published treatises on numismatics, history and theological questions. Some of the works appeared under the names of friars or students, but they are clearly attributed to Fröhlich.

Annales Compendiarii Regum et rerum Syriae is regarded as his “most excellent work” that “will only go under with the world” . Numis veteribus illustrati , published in 1744. It led to a theological discussion with Ernst Friedrich Wernsdorf about the Maccabees . In response, Fröhlich published the work De fontibus historiae Syriae in libris Macchabaeorum Prolusio in 1746 , in which he refuted Wernsdorf.

In his work Notitia elementaris numismatum illorum antiquorum he established a system of ancient coins with fifteen classes.

His work was highly appreciated by well-known contemporaries such as Gerard van Swieten , Antonio Francesco Gori , Apostolo Zeno , Jean-Jacques Barthélemy , Georg Matthias Bose and Gottfried Bessel . He worked closely with other scientists, kept in constant contact and enabled and promoted the next generation. In 1744, he translated the book L'Optique des couleurs by Louis-Bertrand Castel from 1740 into Latin. The work Diplomataria sacra ducatus Styriae by Sigismund Pusch (1669-1735) was revised by him after his death and published in 1756. He supported Rudolf Coronini (1731–1791) in writing a history of Gorizia and Istria and György Pray in working out the history of Hungary. His students included Maximilian Hell , Gottfried van Swieten , Josef Franz (1704–1776), Josef Khell (1714–1772), Michael Denis and Franz Anton von Khevenhüller , who was bishop of Wiener Neustadt from 1734 to 1740. He taught Marquard Herrgott the basics of numismatics.

pseudonym

In some sources the pseudonym or the alternative name Ludwig Debiel (or Ludwig de Biel ) is given for Erasmus Fröhlich . But this is a contemporary of Fröhlich who lived from 1697 to 1771. Debiel was also a Jesuit; he was rector of the Theresianum when Fröhlich headed the numismatic cabinet. In 1733, at the suggestion of Debiel, Fröhlich wrote the work Utilitas rei numariae veteris . Debiel was later commissioned by Archbishop Johann Joseph von Trautson to reform the theological faculty of the University of Vienna and was appointed dean.

Fonts

literature

Web links

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ a b Date of death according to sources such as Michael Denis, p. 12 , Franz de Paula von cabinet, p. 214 , Annalen der Literatur und Kunst , p. 337 , Neue theologische Zeitschrift , p. 38 , Christian Gotthilf Salzmann : Memories from life excellent Germans of the eighteenth century. Verlag der Erziehungsanstalt, Schnepfenthal 1802, p. 542 and Gustav Franz Schreiner (ed.): General calendar for the Catholic clergy. Volume 7. Damian & Serge, Graz 1838, p. 64 . In other - mostly later - sources like Das Land unter der Enns according to its nature, its facilities and its inhabitants (= topography of Lower Austria. Volume 1). Vienna 1871, p. 562 , the date of death July 8 is given. In one source, the date from an obituary by Michael Denis is given as July 6th, see Eugen Guglia : Das Theresianum in Vienna. Schroll, Vienna 1912, p. 74 ( online  - Internet Archive ).
  2. ^ A b c Franz Lackner : The Jesuit professors at the philosophical faculty of the Vienna University (1712–1773). Dissertation. University of Vienna 1973, p. 157.
  3. ↑ Nora Pärr: Maximilian Hell and his scientific environment in Vienna in the 18th century. Dissertation. University of Vienna 2011. Bautz, Nordhausen 2013, ISBN 978-3-88309-490-8 , p. 14 ( online ).
  4. ^ New theological journal , p. 32.
  5. ^ Hermann Boerhaaven's letters to Johann Baptist Bassand, Imperial personal physician. Bauer, Leipzig 1781, p. 115 ( digitized version ).
  6. ↑ a b Nürnbergische Gelehre Zeitung for the year 1780. Grattenauer, Nürnberg 1780, p. 611 ( digitized version ).
  7. ^ New theological journal , p. 35.
  8. ^ New theological journal , p. 36.
  9. ^ New theological journal , p. 37.
  10. ↑ Denis, p. 12.
  11. ↑ a b c The numismatic networks of Eckhel's Austrian precursors on the website of the Austrian Academy of Sciences .
  12. ↑ Neue Theologische Zeitschrift , pp. 48–52.
  13. ↑ see also Friedrich Karl Gottlob Hirsching : Historical-literary handbook of famous and memorable people who died in the 18th century. Volume 16. Schwickert, Leipzig 1813, pp. 218-219 ( digitized version ).
  14. ^ Karl Bernhard Stark : Systematics and history of the archeology of art. Engelmann, Leipzig 1878, pp. 221-222 ( digitized version ).
  15. ^ New theological journal , p. 31.
  16. ↑ L'esprit des journaux françois et étrangers. 1787, p. 89.
  17. ^ Coronini, Rudolf in the German biography .
  18. ↑ Joseph von Seyfried: Non-profit and exhilarating house calendar for the Austrian Empire. Strauss, Vienna 1820, p. 27 ( digitized version ).
  19. ^ Annals of Literature and Art in the Austrian States. Volume 3. Doll, Vienna 1803, p. 103 ( digitized version ).
  20. ↑ Heinz Winter: The medals and show coins of the emperors and kings from the House of Habsburg in the coin cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2013, p. 18, remainder of footnote 7 ( online ).
  21. ↑ Heinz Winter: The medals and show coins of the emperors and kings from the House of Habsburg in the coin cabinet of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2013, p. 17, footnote 5 ( online ).
  22. ↑ Entry in the GND .
  23. ↑ Joseph von Hormayr : Anemones from the diary of an old pilgrim man. Volume 2. Frommann, Jena 1847, p. 139 ( digitized version ).
  24. ^ Entry in the Heidelberg University Library .
  25. ↑ Janez Juhant: In the fire of the European train of ideas: Slovenia. LIT, Vienna a. a. 2008, ISBN 978-3-03735-947-1 , p. 70 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  26. ↑ Karl Vocelka , Anita Traninger (ed.): The early modern residence (16th to 18th century) (= Peter Csendes , Ferdinand Opll (eds):. . Vienna history of a city. Volume 2). Böhlau, Wien 2001, ISBN 978-3-205-99267-7 , p. 394 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
personal data
SURNAME Happy Erasmus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Happy, Erasmus; Frölich, Erasmus; Froelich, Erasmus; Froelichianus, Erasmus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian Jesuit, historian, librarian and numismatist
DATE OF BIRTH October 2, 1700
PLACE OF BIRTH Graz
DATE OF DEATH July 7, 1758
Place of death Vienna