Ernst Böhme (politician)

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Ernst Boehme

Ernst Böhme (born January 23, 1892 in Magdeburg , † July 21, 1968 in Braunschweig ) was a German SPD politician. From 1929 to 1933 and from 1945 to 1948 he was Lord Mayor of the city of Braunschweig.

Early years

Böhme came from a working class family from Magdeburg. He finished school in 1912 at the Reform Realgymnasium in Magdeburg with the Abitur and then studied law in Göttingen, Munich, Berlin and Halle. He also joined the SPD in 1912. He took part in the First World War , but passed the first state examination in 1917 . After his legal clerkship in Neustrelitz, Magdeburg and Naumburg, he passed the second state examination in December 1922.

From April 1919 to 1921 he worked as a workers secretary in Neustrelitz , where he was temporarily also chairman of the local SPD association.

Weimar Republic and the time of National Socialism

The AOK building, “protective custody” prison of the auxiliary police, 2006
The “ Volksfreund-Haus ” of the SPD, 2011

In February 1923 he was hired by the Magdeburg city administration. Between 1923 and 1929 he worked for the Magdeburg magistrate, where he rose to the city council. Böhme was one of the co-founders of the Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold, founded on February 22nd, 1924 in Magdeburg . In 1925 he married Lili Bahn, sister of the actress Roma Bahn .

On November 23, 1929, Böhme was elected Lord Mayor of the city by the Braunschweig city ​​council. At that time he was the youngest mayor of a major German city. As a SPD member, he was a member of the Braunschweig Landtag in 1930 .

Persecution by the National Socialists

After the seizure of power by the Nazis on 30 January 1933, Boehme saw many dissidents, increasing repression and growing persecution by the Nazis - in particular through the Brunswick NSDAP interior ministers and future prime minister of the country Braunschweig Dietrich Klagges - exposed. On March 13, 1933, he ordered Boehme's removal from office and had him taken into “ protective custody ” in the town hall . It was thanks to the commitment of the former Brunswick Prime Minister Heinrich Jasper, who was also persecuted by Klagges , that Böhme was soon released from the “protective custody” prison in Rennelberg .

A few days later, on March 25th, Böhme was arrested by SS people at home and taken to the former “ People's Friend House ” of the SPD, which had meanwhile been misused by them, and mistreated. As has already happened with many others, Böhme was also extorted a declaration of waiver of his mandate . He was then taken to the notorious Rennelberg prison on April 19, 1933 . As a deputy, city building officer Karl Gebensleben took over the official business on March 13th. He was replaced on October 18, 1933 by NSDAP member Wilhelm Hesse as Boehme's official successor in the office of Lord Mayor.

After his release, Böhme left Braunschweig and, because his admission to the bar was refused for political reasons, went to Berlin to study business administration and economics . He also studied in Halle. He then worked from 1936 to 1944 as a tax and foreign exchange advisor in Berlin and thus survived the Nazi era. On January 30, 1944, it was bombed out in Berlin. He then moved with his family to Naumburg an der Saale , where he worked as a tax advisor and auditor until April 1945.

post war period

Only after the city was occupied by American troops on April 12, 1945, Böhme returned to the city, and on June 1, 1945, the US military government appointed him again as its mayor. After the introduction of the "dual leadership", Böhme remained honorary Lord Mayor of Braunschweig. He held this office until December 17, 1948. On the day he left office, he was made an honorary citizen of the city of Braunschweig. In 1946 he was a member of the SPD in the last Brunswick state parliament and from 1947 to 1955 a member of the Lower Saxony state parliament in Hanover. In addition, he was a co-founder of the German Association of Cities , where he was chairman of the legal and administrative committee. Böhme was a member of the German Association of Cities from 1946 to 1955.

Böhme was also President of the German Society for Bathing and from 1957 to 1968 a member of the Lower Saxony State Court . On July 21, 1968, Böhme died in Braunschweig and was buried in a grave of honor in the main cemetery in Braunschweig .

A street in Braunschweig was named after him in Boehme's honor.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gerd Biegel: Ernst Böhme (1929–1933; 1945–1948). P. 394, FN 6.
personal data
SURNAME Böhme, Ernst
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (SPD), Member of the Bundestag and Lord Mayor of Braunschweig
DATE OF BIRTH January 23, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Magdeburg
DATE OF DEATH July 21, 1968
Place of death Braunschweig