Farymann Diesel

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Farymann Diesel was a German manufacturer of small diesel engines for industrial and marine applications with headquarters in Lampertheim . Today, Farymann is one of the main players in the global market for small diesel engines. In its heyday the company employed 400 people.

history

From Farny & Weidmann to Farmann to Farymann Diesel

Farymann Diesel was founded on August 5, 1947 by engineers Paul Ludwig Farny (1897–1985) and Ernst Weidmann. Paul Farny came from the Farny family of brewers in Kisslegg . He lost a lower leg in World War I and then studied mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Stuttgart . Farny lived in Ilvesheim , Ernst Weidmann in Weinheim . Weidmann was born in Kiev in 1907 as the third of five sons - his eldest brother was Adolf Weidmann - of Adolf Weidmann (1867–1936) and his wife Karolina, née Munzinger (1872–1945). The family emigrated via Riga, Warsaw and Kiev to Rowno , where the father worked as a master brewer. With the outbreak of the First World War they were expelled and later moved to Lorraine, which they had to leave again after the end of the war. In a roundabout way they got to Glan-Münchweiler in Rhineland-Palatinate .

Both founders worked at MWM until the end of the Second World War - Farny was also on the board there from 1939 until the occupation - but were dismissed due to denazification . The company name was initially Farny & Weidmann , then for a short time, derived from the first letters of the family name, Farmann , but this was soon changed to Farymann Diesel (with the respective legal form attached) due to a possible risk of confusion with the French automobile and aircraft engine manufacturer Farman . Farny used his inheritance share in his parents' brewery as start-up capital. The first building was erected on the former Olympia Lampertheim sports field. Further buildings were added in 1949 and 1952.

At the end of the 1960s, the company had around 260 employees. In particular, the small, horizontal engines with a low overall height and the two-cylinder V-engines with their compact design, known as smooth-running, were soon very popular. The manufacture of boat engines played a particularly important role, and to this day they are mainly used as auxiliary engines in sailing yachts . The company Nanni (now Nanni Industries SAS , Bordeaux ), based in Milan at the time , began in 1952 with the so-called "marinization" of industrial engines from Farymann. When Farymann had developed a complete range of small diesel engines for boat propulsion, this area of ​​production took off. In close cooperation with sailors and yacht builders, Farymann began developing complete, water-cooled boat engines. Around 1970 Farymann was the largest manufacturer of water-cooled small diesel boat engines within the EEC and supplied to more than 80 countries worldwide. Among other things, marketing agreements for these small diesel boat engines had been concluded in some countries with the British engine manufacturer Perkins Engines , which presented a group of Farymann engines at the 1975 London Boat Show .

In 1977 Farny was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit on ribbon . As an 83-year-old, Weidmann took part in the 22nd 100 km run of the TV Unna 1861 as a runner at the beginning of September 1990 . As the oldest ultramarathon runner in Germany at the time, he reached the finish in 18:33:55 h.

The Briggs & Stratton era

In July 1979 the company was sold to Briggs & Stratton . At this point in time, the two founders were 72 and 83 years old, and their successors have not been clarified. Organization and production corresponded to a larger handicraft company, but due to the high international demand at the time, presumably with good sales and profit. B&S had the idea to modernize the company and the products and to be able to increase the number of pieces dramatically through drastically lower costs / prices as well as through their own sales organization. Internal quarrels and disorganization caused the initiated developments of new modern engines to fail and B&S lost interest in Farymann. In the magazine Wehrtechnik of the publishing house Wehr und Wissen 2000 was summarized:

“Farymann Diesel GmbH was founded in Lampertheim in 1947 and has been part of the American Briggs & Stratton Group since 1979. The company produces single-cylinder diesel engines for industrial and construction machinery as well as marine and special applications. The workforce includes around 100 employees. Around 11,000 Farymann engines are manufactured each year. The main sales area is the construction machinery sector with a focus on special applications such as for generators , pumps or water treatment systems and military applications. Motors for marine purposes, in particular for marine generators and as boat motors, are being manufactured to a greater extent. The majority of the engines are used in environmentally sensitive areas. The production program includes modern small diesel engines in the power range from three to 40 kW. Farymann Diesel works with the English manufacturer Lister Petter and with the French manufacturer Bernard Moteur . "

The following important information is missing from this article or section:
further information on the company and model history; when does B&S sell to whom?
Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

Era crab apple

After the sale of B&S, Bernd Holzapfel was majority shareholder and managing director of Farymann Diesel GmbH.

After 2000

Bankruptcy followed around the turn of the millennium. From the beginning of 2004 Farymann Diesel belonged to Bukh A / S , from 2007 to the Indian Greaves Cotton . In 2010, the market launch in the United States, Canada, the Caribbean and Mexico was decided and the American subsidiary Farymann North America , based in Greenville , South Carolina , was founded, the first director of which was Syd Watson. In 2013, Greaves Farymann Diesel GmbH complained about sales problems and asked the Bundestag member Michael Meister (CDU) for help in finding new contacts. At that time the company only had 33 employees and was only able to sell 3,000 engines from the 7,000 to 8,000 expected. The parent company Greaves Cotton made you feel left alone. In Lampertheim, Farymann only had production, but neither its own sales channel nor a marketing department. In the field of water-cooled 18 kW motors, the company was the world market leader with a market share of 60 percent at the time, but in the construction machinery sector it has not been able to keep up with cheap Chinese products for a long time.

Renewed bankruptcy and dissolution in 2019

From summer 2018 AGP Power ApS , Ballerup / Denmark, was the new owner. According to the company website, Farymann Diesel Engines GmbH was still represented with contractual partners in more than 60 countries as of 2018.

In February 2019, Faryman had to file for bankruptcy again. The reason should have been supplier problems that cut production. A renovation solution did not come about. The company was finally liquidated in May 2019.

Products and areas of use

Essentially, single-cylinder diesel engines were developed and built, and compact V-engines as well since the 1960s. The first product was a horizontal engine with indirect injection and evaporator cooling, the type D. In the first years of the company's history, there was no uniform designation system for the engine types, or it was not handled very uniformly until the mid-1950s the 1st (purely alphabetical ) Designation system for engines of the 1st generation followed.

In 1976 Farymann presented a mass-produced 4.5 HP 242 cm³ single-cylinder diesel engine, at that time supposedly the "smallest diesel engine in the world" - apart from the model construction sector; What was meant by this was the smallest industrially used diesel engine, which was primarily used as a drive for construction machinery. The motor was specially developed to drive refrigeration units in small delivery vans.

The motors are popular due to their long service life, reliable starting properties, simple maintenance options and usability under extreme operating conditions. The international trade magazine Engineering News-Record (ENR) described the advantages of the Farymann motors as follows in 1982:

“Farymann has long been considered one of the finest names in diesel power for the industrial / commercial market. This German-built diesel has a big reputation for long life, easy starts, simple maintenance and the capability to stand up under extreme operating conditions. [...]. "

The company also offers products such as mini block-type thermal power stations for single-family homes, power generation generators and emergency power devices .

List of engines

Series E / J, 1-cylinder, indirect injection, d = 75x100mm, max 2000min-1 (later 2300min-1)
Name
1st generation		 Remarks
Tbsp horizontal, evaporator cooling, forerunner of the E with 80mm stroke
E. horizontal, evaporator cooling, since approx. 1954
IT standing, water-cooled
LE lying, air-cooled
LES standing, air-cooled
EK lying, condenser cooling
J E with 80 mm bore
JS ES with 80 mm bore
LJ LE with 80 mm bore
LJS LES with 80 mm hole
The J series is listed on Farymann.com (Farymann of America), but the engines seem to be at least very rare.
Series D, 1-cylinder, indirect injection, d = 90x120mm (air-cooled d = 95x120mm), max 1800min-1
Name
1st generation		 Remarks
DL1 lying, evaporator cooling, forerunner of the D with 602cm3
DL2 horizontal, evaporator cooling, forerunner of the D with 765cm3
DKF lying, condenser cooling
D. lying down, evaporator cooling
DS standing, water-cooled
LD lying, air-cooled
LDS standing, air-cooled
Series C, 2-cylinder in-line engine, indirect injection, d = 90x120mm (air-cooled d = 95x120mm), max 1800min-1
Name
1st generation		 Remarks
CS standing, water-cooled
LC lying, air-cooled
LCS standing, air-cooled
Series G, 1-cylinder, direct injection, d = 105x130mm, max 1800min-1
Name
1st generation		 Designation
4th generation		 Remarks
G lying down, evaporator cooling
GS standing, water-cooled
LG G20 lying, air-cooled
- G24 lying, air-cooled, bore 115mm
LGS standing, air-cooled
- G12 upright, air-cooled, bore 110mm
Series K, 1-cylinder, vertical, direct injection, d = 68x76 / 82mm, max 3000min-1, flywheel 250 / 310mm
Name
1st generation		 Description
3rd generation		 Designation
4th generation		 Remarks
LKS K K10 Stroke 76mm, flywheel 250mm
- KS K12 greatly reduced power, stroke 76mm, exposed flywheel
- (KH) K14 Stroke 82mm, flywheel 310mm
- K17 Stroke 82mm, flywheel 310mm, clockwise rotation, tamper motor without motor feet
- KW K30 water-cooled, stroke 82mm, flywheel 310mm
The air-cooled motors were also available with clockwise rotation and were identified by an appended R in the 2nd designation or in the 3rd designation, the last
digit was increased by 1, K = K10 became KR = K11. The K17 was only available clockwise.
The letter H for engines with increased stroke and flywheel is not secured.
Series L, 1-cylinder, vertical, direct injection, d = 80x76 / 82mm, max 3000min-1, flywheel 250 / 310mm
Description
2nd Generation		 Description
3rd generation		 Designation
4th generation		 Designation
5th generation		 Remarks
KV - - - Bore 75mm, stroke 76mm, flywheel 250mm
- L. L10 - Stroke 76mm, flywheel 250mm
- LS L12 - greatly reduced power, stroke 76mm, exposed flywheel
- (LH) L14 25A Stroke 82mm, flywheel 310mm
- LL L20 25E Horizontal cylinder, stroke 82mm, flywheel 310mm
- - L28 28E L20 with 85mm hole
- L30 water-cooled, stroke 82mm, flywheel 310mm
- L38 water-cooled, bore 85mm, stroke 82mm, flywheel 310mm
The L series is a drilled out version of the K and is largely identical, which is why the KV is also included here. The L38 had a completely new cylinder head and may still be offered by B&S as a 28W.
The standing, air-cooled motors (not KV) were also available with clockwise rotation and were identified by an appended R in the 2nd designation or in the 3rd designation, the last digit was
increased by 1, L = L10 became LR = L11.
The letter H for engines with increased stroke and flywheel is not secured.

Marine engines and gears

A typical application of the Farymann motors are boat motors, in particular as auxiliary motors for sailing yachts and sport boats , but also for ferry boats , work boats and lifeboats . A number of the engines were tested and approved by the Germanischer Lloyd company for their suitability for use in lifeboats on behalf of the See-Berufsgenossenschaft as early as the 1960s . In inland shipping, the motors were also very common for driving anchor winches , as unit drives and as pump drives . The range includes water and air-cooled four-stroke diesel engines as closed units with clutch or reversing gear and a complete set of boat shafts.

An example of a sport boat equipped with a Farymann auxiliary engine was the pigeon that capsized in 2009 . According to the information provided by the operating association, at the time of the accident the boat had installed a 6 hp 442 cm³ single-cylinder four-stroke diesel with seawater cooling of the type 18 ES 0135 , while deviating from this in the international boating license a 5 hp Farymann unit of the Year of construction 1971 was recorded. In Germany, a historic chain ferry is in operation in Mannheim, in the Sandhofer Altrhein harbor area , which has been powered by a 12 HP Farymann diesel engine for decades. The Siebeneichen cable ferry, which is under monument protection, is also powered by a 9.5 HP Farymann two-cylinder diesel engine of the type R 10 (engine number 35 R10 100512). The historic tugboat Claus D. , now a museum ship , received a 14-hp Farymann two-cylinder V-engine from 1974 to generate electricity .

  • Sailing yacht Taube , equipped with a 6 hp Farymann type 18 ES 0135

  • Ferry Siebeneichen, equipped with a 9.5 HP Farymann two-cylinder type R 10

  • Claus D. with a 14 HP Farymann single cylinder engine for power generation

Use as an automobile drive

NEKAF M38A1 prototype with modified 850cm³ single cylinder

In car prototype construction, too, experiments were carried out with modified marine and stationary or propulsion diesel engines from Farymann.

So today there is a NEKAF M38A1 prototype (Dutch license version of the Willys M38A1) from the 1960s in the Regiment Technische Troepen Museum in Soesterberg , in which an attempt was made to provide the artillery troops with a vehicle that was as "spark-free" as possible. All electrical components were removed and the petrol engine was replaced by a Farymann 850 cm³ single-cylinder diesel engine with an output of 10 hp.

MB fuel economy vehicle (1980)

On the occasion of the oil price crisis in the early 1970s, apprentices from Mercedes-Benz took part in six fuel-saving competitions from 1977 and 1980 with test vehicles they had designed themselves. They designed the vehicles themselves. In 1980, 17-year-old Volker Schramm won the kilometer marathon in Hockenheim with the Mercedes-Benz fuel-efficient vehicle with a consumption of 1.0 liter of diesel fuel over 1028 km. In the vehicle, a Farymann 200 cm³ diesel engine from the pump and generator set, throttled from 3.6 to 1 HP, was used, which still allowed an average speed of 21 km / h. The vehicle is in the Mercedes-Benz Museum .

Approved for road traffic, the French manufacturer Erad offered its Microcar Capucine from 1981 as an alternative to the 47cc two-stroke engine from Sachs with a 290cc Farymann diesel engine with 4 kW.

Use in agricultural engineering

7.5 PS Farymann DL1 in a K&B diesel dwarf (1952)
10 HP Farymann DL2 of a Normag C10 (1952)
10 PS Farymann DL2 of a Normag C10 (1952); View of the flywheel
30 HP Type S in a Dexheimer Allrad 222

Farymann motors were also used in agricultural machinery , for example for wood splitters .

The small diesels from Farymann were also installed in numerous small tractors. In 1949 Gutbrod entered tractor construction with the Farmax 10 D implement carrier , which had a 10 HP Farymann engine. The three-wheeled small tractor Dieselzwerg produced by Kühner & Berger from 1950 to 1955 (prototype production 1949) had a 7.5 hp 602 cm³ Farymann DL1 diesel engine and from 1953 was optionally available with a 765 cm³ four-stroke DL2 Single cylinder engine with 8 HP or 10 HP offered.

It is known that the former mechanical engineering company GEMA (Gesellschaft für Maschinen- und Apparatebau mbH) in St. Ingbert in Saarland , which was separated until 1956, under the company name GEMA Societe de Gestion S.à.rl , produced almost identical motors from around 1949 and in cooperation with them the Bitsch- based company IMB (Industrie Mecanique de Bitche), which supplied the chassis and produced several hundred diesel dwarfs under license . The nameplates of the GEMA motors bore the addition of "License Farmann" in addition to the designation GEMA Moteur Diesel - not Farymann.

The C 10 , which was built by Normag from 1952 to 1954 , had a Farymann single-cylinder four-stroke swirl chamber diesel engine of the DL2 type with evaporative cooling, the Normag model N 12 a 12 hp 1125 cm³ Farymann diesel. Karl Widmann (Fahrzeugbau Widmann - FAWI) offered his first series-produced single-axle tractor FAWI 6-10 with a Farymann type DL2 engine on request. The Bad Windsheim machine factory H. Schmotzer offered its universal tractor Kombi (production period 1954–1967) with either Stihl , VW or Farymann engines. Hela endowed be from 1955 built to 1959 Crop model VARIMOT 08 made with a 10-horsepower 763-cc four-stroke single-cylinder swirl chamber diesel engine, in the final model year also optionally with a 14-horsepower Farymann aggregate. The Varimot 10 also had the 10 hp 763 cm³ engine, the Varimot 14 the 14 hp unit. Also Hako equipped its starting from 1965 produced Crop Hakotrac D12 optionally made with a Farymann engine. Also, Joseph Vögele used in his IVO tricycle tractor FD-6 is a Farmann-6-hp single-cylinder with flywheel capacitor. In 1964 Schanzlin offered its 70 cm wide four-wheel small tractor Kultimot with a Farymann diesel engine of 10–12 hp. Dexheimer motorized its first all-wheel-drive narrow-gauge tractor, Allrad 222, produced from 1966 to 1970, with a 22 hp Farymann P engine and also offered the model with a 30 hp S engine from 1967 to 1970. Because of the uneven running of the single-cylinder engines in the all-wheel 222 tractors, they were replaced in 1970 by the air-cooled two-cylinder in-line diesel engine type D325-2 from MWM.

The Thünen Institute tested the emission behavior with selected mixed and pure fuels in engine tests in a 5-point test procedure, based on the average utilization of tractor engines from the 1970s and 1980s, using an upright, water-cooled Farymann diesel single-cylinder of the type 18W from 2008 ( emission standard TIER 4 (USA) ), which had already proven itself in earlier work, compared to a Mercedes-Benz in-line six-cylinder OM 906 LA .

Use in the construction machinery sector

Farymann engines are also used in the construction machinery sector. Thus since 1995 produced Ammann Group belonging grave roller manufacturer and inventor of the grave rollers Rammax already several models with Farymann engines: the RW 1400 (1980-1992) and the RW 1402 (1985-1992) with the Farymann A24, the RW 700 and RW 702 (from 1995) with the Farymann 32A, the RW 1403 (from 1992) with the types 43E and 43F, and currently the RW 1503 with a Farymann 43F with 15.5 hp. Another typical application is the drive of plate compactors .

Web links

Commons : Farymann Diesel  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Global Small Diesel Engine Market 2018 key players - Yanmar, Kubota, Kohler, Isuzu, John Deere, Hatz, FIAT, DEUTZ, Caterpillar, Farymann, Cummins, Changfa Group, Changgong Group. Trade Reporter, Aug. 11, 2018.
  2. ↑ Ruth Smith: Small Diesel Engine (Non-Road) Market Global Share 2018 and Analysis: Kohler, FIAT, Hatz, Isuzu and John Deere. Daily Biz Report, August 16, 2018.
  3. ↑ Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Market Growth Analysis, Opportunities and Forecast Report Till 2022. Tactical Business, September 1, 2018.
  4. ↑ Hervey: Small Diesel Engine (Non-Road) Market Analysis, Cost Structure, Top Vendors, Supply Chain relationship and Forecasts to 2025. businessstrategies24.com, September 4, 2018.
  5. ↑ Nidhi Bhawsar: Small Diesel Engine Market to witness astonishing growth with Key Players Yanmar, Kubota, Isuzu. businessstrategies24.com, September 6, 2018.
  6. ↑ a b c Bärbel Jakob: Struggle for survival. South Hesse morning , August 30, 2013.
  7. ↑ Manfred Pohl : Safety on Rail and Road. The history of Knorr-Bremse AG. Piper, Munich et al. 2005, p. 135. ISBN 3-492-04747-5 .
  8. ^ A b Christian Schupp: Farny & Weidmann. Lampertheim near Mannheim. 1947 - today. ; given there as sources
    • the font 50 years of Farymann of the company,
    • Erich Baentsch: Diesel engine practice. Schiele & Schön, Berlin 1987,
    • German internal combustion engines 1958. Specialist group power machines in the VDMA (ed.), Maschinenbau-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1958, and
    • Johannes Reichelt: Operating customer of the diesel engine. Vol. 3, VEB Wilhelm Knapp Verlag, Halle (Saale) 1957.
  9. ↑ Farymann Diesel exhibits in Munich. Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau , 19 (1970), p. 34.
  10. ↑ Nanni over the Centuries. Nanni.
  11. ↑ a b Farymann diesel boat engines. In: Yearbook of the Technical University of Darmstadt 1971 , Technical University of Darmstadt , p. 150.
  12. ↑ Farymann Diesel and Hydro Marin. In: Ölhydraulik und Pneumatik , Volume 16, No. 1 (1972), p. 42.
  13. ^ Perkins to market Farymann Diesel engines. In: Gas & Oil Power , 71 (1975), p. 47.
  14. ^ Christian Hottas : 100 km Germany Cup 1990. In: Ultramarathon. 6th year, 2/1991, German Ultramarathon Association , 1991, p. 7. ([Christian Hottas PDF])
  15. ↑ Results 100-km 1989 to 1990. , TV Unna 1861 eV
  16. ↑ Ernst Weidmann. Statistics on the website of the German Ultramarathon Association.
  17. ^ Briggs & Stratton. In: Standard & Poor's Stock Market Encyclopedia of the S & P "500" . Vol. 3, Ed. 1, Standard & Poor’s , 1981, p. 368.
  18. ↑ Overview of the corporate mergers according to § 23 according to economic sectors in 1979 and 1980. In: Drucksache 9/565 , Deutscher Bundestag - 9th electoral period, Bonn 1980, section X. Land vehicles , Pkt. K, p. 174. ( PDF )
  19. ↑ Does the wind have to blow from a different direction when you run under a different flag? In: Straße und Autobahn , 31 (1980), p. 252.
  20. ↑ Motors with a future. In: Wehrtechnik , 32 (2000), p. 352.
  21. ↑ Bernd Holzapfel. Moneyhouse .
  22. ^ Farymann North America LLC Provides Product Sales, Service, and Support to Military, Construction, and Marine Industries. Business Wire , July 1, 2010.
  23. ↑ agppower.dk , September 5, 2018
  24. ↑ history. Farymann Diesel Engines GmbH; accessed on September 9, 2018.
  25. ↑ Farymann Diesel Insolvenz on the Haemmerle.de website, accessed on December 5, 2019
  26. ↑ Mini diesel cools TK commissions. In: Allgemeine Fischwirtschaftszeitung , 30 (1978), p. 54.
  27. ↑ Smallest diesel engine. In: Revue des douanes. Vol. 23-24, Oberzolldirektion, 1978, p. 114.
  28. ^ Engineering News-Record , 15 (1982), p. 52.
  29. ↑ a b A walk through Europort '77. In: Marine-Rundschau. 75 (1978), p. 35.
  30. ↑ Hansa , anthology. Volume 103, p. 596.
  31. ↑ Investigation report 015/09. Very serious marine casualty capsizing of the SY TAUBE with six dead off the Atlantic coast of Morocco on January 20, 2009. Federal Bureau of Marine Casualty Investigation , February 15, 2010.
  32. ↑ Siebeneichen ferry. Information about the ferry and destinations in the area.
  33. ↑ Technical data. Tow steamer Claus D.
  34. ^ Mercedes-Benz fuel economy vehicle, 1980. In: Max-Gerrit von Pein, Thomas Wirth, Markus Bolsinger: The Mercedes-Benz Museum. Stadler, 2006, p. 229.
  35. ↑ Mercedes-Benz fuel-efficient vehicle. Mercedes Benz.
  36. ↑ Alfons Beil: Classic car parade at the Feuerheislfest. Mittelbayerische Zeitung , May 26, 2015.
  37. ^ Wolfgang H. Gebhardt: German tractors since 1907. Motorbuch Verlag, 2003, p. 171. ISBN 978-3-613-02346-8
  38. ↑ Berthold Gallinat: Diesel dwarf owners meet for the first time in Sasbach. bathe online, September 7, 2016
  39. ↑ K & B small tractor diesel dwarf. In: Gerhard Siem: Das Schlepperjahrbuch 2009 , Peter Felser, 2009, p. 201. ISBN 978-3-933-45108-8 ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  40. ↑ GEMA diesel. License Farmann. dieselzwerg.de.
  41. ↑ Tractor Lexicon: Normag C 10 on Wikibooks
  42. ↑ Tractor Lexicon: Normag N 12 on Wikibooks
  43. ↑ Tractor Lexicon: Widmann FAWI 6-10 on Wikibooks
  44. ↑ Schmotzer universal tractor combination. In: G. Siem 2009, p. 278. ( limited preview in Google book search)
  45. ↑ Hela Allrad-Spezialschlepper Varimot 08. In: G. Siem 2009, p. 159. ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  46. ↑ Tractor Lexicon: HELA Varimot 10 on Wikibooks
  47. ↑ Tractor Lexicon: HELA Varimot 14 on Wikibooks
  48. ↑ Hako narrow-gauge tractor Hakotrac D12. In: P. Felser 2009, p. 151. ( limited preview in Google book search)
  49. ↑ Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift , Vol. 54, Franck, p. 185.
  50. ↑ DerKulitmot von Schwenzlin… ; in: Technology and Agriculture. Agricultural technical advisor. Vol. 16, 1964, p. 358.
  51. ↑ Tractor Lexicon: Dexheimer ALLRAD 222 (Farymann P) on Wikibooks
  52. ↑ Tractor Lexicon: Dexheimer ALLRAD 222 (Farymann S) on Wikibooks
  53. ↑ Wolfgang H. Gebhardt 2003, p. 97.
  54. ↑ Tractor Lexicon: Dexheimer ALLRAD 222 (MWM D325-2) on Wikibooks
  55. ↑ Motors. In: Lasse Schmidt: Interactions between fuel components in biodiesel-based mixed fuels with special consideration of the aging products of fatty acid methyl esters. [= Volume 6 of Fuels Joint Research Group - Interdisciplinary fuel research for the mobility of the future ]; Cuvillier Verlag, 2014, p. 72 ff. ISBN 395-4-04667-9
  56. ↑ grave rollers RW 1503 / RW 1504. Rammax, March 2007, p 3, 6; also used as a source information from filter manufacturers.

Coordinates: 49 ° 35 ′ 43.7 "  N , 8 ° 28 ′ 53.2"  E