François Sumichrast

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François Sumichrast in Adventures of a Young Naturalist

Adrien Louis Jean François Sumichrast (also Francis E. Sumichrast ; born October 15, 1828 in Yvorne , † September 26, 1882 in Tonalá ) was a Swiss - Mexican naturalist and zoologist who lived in Mexico for a long time.

Live and act

Sumichrast studied in Lausanne , Geneva and Bern . After finishing his studies, he devoted himself passionately to natural history. He soon realized that the studies of the European fauna were no longer enough for him and so he decided to go to Mexico to explore the jungle areas there. Together with Henri de Saussure , a grandson of the geologist Horace-Bénédict de Saussure , he therefore set off on a trip to Mexico between 1855 and 1856. In April 1855 they reached Veracruz , where they stayed only a short time. Their next destination was Cordoba . The French entrepreneur Agustín Legrand and his family welcomed them here. On April 16, they visited Auguste Sallé and Adolphe Boucard in their hacienda Tospam , which was near Córdoba. The meeting was short-lived as Sallé and Boucard were just setting off on an expedition into the surrounding mountains. Two days later they met again at their mutual friends Legard.

After a short stay in Cordoba, Sumichrast and de Saussure continued their journey, visiting Orizaba , Puebla , Mexico City , Tampico and other inland cities one by one. Both traveled together through Mexico for about a year. Sumichrast gathered plenty of natural history during this time, a collection that de Saussure eventually brought to Geneva. While de Saussure decided to return to Europe due to unrest surrounding the Federal Constitution of the United States of Mexico of 1857 , Sumichrast was determined to stay in Mexico and continue his research. Sumichrast also accompanied Lucien Biart and his son on his research trip through Mexico.

From this time until his death, Sumichrast devoted himself to collecting natural history objects and researching the behavior of animals in this country. He mainly explored the states and areas of Veracruz , Puebla , the Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México , Oaxaca , the isthmus of Tehuantepec and Chiapas . In the last state, death caught him in the midst of his explorations.

In his last letter to Boucard, dated April 1, 1882, he reported that at the moment he wanted to assemble as complete a reptile collection as possible for the Natural History Museum in Cambridge and that he hoped that some beautiful objects could also go to Boucard. He also planned to travel to Europe with his family at the end of the year. Sumichrast probably also knew the naturalist and artist Rafael Montes de Oca . In a report in 1882 he mentioned Montes de Oca, who had observed bumpy crocodiles ( Crocodylus moreletii ) on the Río Coatán near Tapachula .

On August 30, 1870, Sumicrast married Rosalía "Rosita", born in Juchitán de Zaragoza . Nivon, who died in 1891. With her he had four daughters, one of whom, like Sumichrast, died of cholera shortly after his death . The rose- bellied finch ( Passerina rositae ( Lawrence , 1874)) was dedicated to his wife .

His collections are scattered across North America and Europe. They ended up at the Smithsonian Institution , the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia , Harvard and Boston Universities , as well as museums in Switzerland, Germany and France. In the last years of his life, several results from broadcasts of reptiles and fish from Mexico and Central America were published in the journal Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Centrale with the help of his friend Boucard . In addition to these deliveries to the major museums and universities in both worlds, he always found time to correspond with important scientists. So his observations and correspondence found z. B. in publications by de Saussure, George Newbold Lawrence , Edward Drinker Cope , Matteo Botteri , Hippolyte Crosse , Paul Henri Fischer and Boucard entrance. Although Sumichrast was most concerned with reptiles, he also did research in other areas of natural history. He collected mammals, birds, insects, crustaceans, mussels and even fossils , minerals and plants.

Memberships

Since 1854 he was a member of the Société des Schiences naturelles du canton de Vaud . In 1860 the Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural followed and he became a corresponding member of the Museum of Comparative Zoology . In 1865 he became a member of the Sociedad Mexicana de Geografía y Estadística and the Entomological Society of Philadelphia . Eventually he joined the Brookville Society of Natural History in 1882 and became a corresponding member of the Smithsonian Institution . He was a member of the Société zoologique de France since 1880.

Dedication names

In 1871, Lawrence named the cinnamon-tail wren ( Peucaea sumichrasti ) and the narrow- billed wren ( Hylorchilus sumichrasti ) in his honor. Henri de Saussure named the 1860 Vesper Rat ( Nyctomys sumichrasti ) and the Central American Katzenfrett ( Bassariscus sumichrasti ) and 1861 Reithrodontomys sumichrasti a reithrodontomys -Art in his honor. In 1866, Cope dedicated the saddle-spot garter snake ( Thamnophis sumichrasti ) to him and in 1867 the skink species Plestiodon sumichrasti , and Paul Louis Antoine Brocchi in 1879 the tree frogs species Exerodonta sumichrasti . With Eucalodium (Oligostylus) sumichrasti Crosse & P. Fischer , 1878 a land snail species was dedicated to him. His name is also found in the real bees -Art Ptilothrix sumichrasti ( Cresson , 1878), the mortar and leafcutter bees -Art Megachile sumichrasti Cresson , 1878, the Centipede -Art Scolopendra sumichrasti Saussure , 1860, the millipede -Art Neoleptodesmus sumichrasti Humbert & Saussure 1861, the grasshoppers -type Melanoplus sumichrasti ( Saussure , 1861), the grasshoppers-type Achurum sumichrasti ( Saussure , 1861) of Crematogaster -type Crematogaster sumichrasti Mayr , 1870, the ants -type Neivamyrmex sumichrasti Norton , 1868 and in Machaerocera sumichrasti Thomas , 1874, a synonym for the short- antennae species Machaerocera mexicana Saussure , 1859.

In addition, his name can be found in the subspecies of the beryl lamazily ( Amazilia beryllina sumichrasti Salvin , 1891), the California jay ( Aphelocoma californica sumichrasti ( Ridgway , 1874)), the olive- back bammer ( Arremonops rufivirgatus sumichrasti ( Sharpe , 1888)), the rose throat aglae ( Pachiae) sumichrasti ( Nelson , 1897)) and the gray-headed trogon subspecies ( Trogon citreolus sumichrasti ( Brodkorb , 1942)). In the family of the Dipsadinae one finds the subspecies Enulius flavitorques sumichrasti Bocourt , 1883, which is often regarded as a synonym for Enulius flavitorques Cope , 1886.

Passerina sumichrasti Ridgway , 1887 is now synonymous with the glaze Cardinal subtype ( Cyanocompsa parellina indigotica ( Ridgway , 1887)), Nyctidromus albicollis sumichrasti ( Ridgway , 1912) as a synonym for the Pauraquenachtschwalben subtype ( Nyctidromus albicollis yucatanensis Nelson , 1901), Cyrtonyx sumicrasti Lawrence , 1877 considered a synonym for the tear quail ( Cyrtonyx ocellatus ( Gould , 1837)) and Dives sumichrasti Sclater, PL , 1884 as a synonym for the mourning duck ( Dives dives ( Deppe , 1830)). Also Loxocemus sumichrasti Bocourt , 1876 is now synonymous with the loxocemidae ( Loxocemus bicolor Cope , 1861), thymele sumichrasti Scudder , 1872 as a synonym for the skipper -Art Typhedanus undulatus ( Hewitson , 1867) and Citharichthys sumichrasti Jordan which, in 1889 as a synonym for translucent Butte -Art Citharichthys gilberti ( Jenkins & Evermann , 1889), considered. The Paspalum sumichrasti described by Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier in 1886 is now a synonym for the sweet grass species Paspalum squamulatum .

  • Vesperratte (right) illustrated by Joseph Smit

  • Enulius flavitorques sumichrasti (images 6, 6a, 6b, 6C) illustrated by Marie Firmin Bocourt

  • Cinnamon stick

  • Central American cat frett

Publications (selection)

  • Note sur les mœurs de quelques reptiles du Mexique . In: Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles . tape 19 , 1864, p. 45-61 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • in Edward Norton: Notes on Mexican Ants . In: The American naturalist. tape 2 , no. 2 , 1868, p. 57-73 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1868-1869).
  • The Geographical Distribution of the Native Birds of the Department of Vera Cruz, with a list of the Migratory Species . In: Memoirs read before the Boston Society of Natural History . tape 1 , March 1869, p. 542-563 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1866-1869).
  • Notas sobre las costumbres de algunos reptiles de Mexico . In: La naturaleza; periódico científico del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural. tape 1 , 1870, p. 176-180 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1869-1870).
  • Notas sobre las costumbres de algunos reptiles de Mexico . In: La naturaleza; periódico científico del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural. tape 1 , 1870, p. 203-206 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1869-1870).
  • Distribucion geografica de las aves del estado Veracruz y Lista de las especies emigrantes . In: La naturaleza; periódico científico del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural. tape 1 , 1870, p. 298-312 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1869-1870).
  • Distribucion geografica de las aves del estado Veracruz y Lista de las especies emigrantes . In: La naturaleza; periódico científico del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural. tape 2 , 1871, p. 29-39 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1871-1873).
  • Coup d'oeil sur la distribution des Reptiles géographique au Mexique, . In: Archives des sciences physiques et naturelles . tape 46 , 1873, pp. 233-250 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Oberservation sur les mœurs de l'Heloderma horridum (I), Wiegmann, Note de M. Bocourt . In: Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences. tape 80 , 1875, pp. 676-679 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Contribution to the history of naturelle du Mexique . In: Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France . tape 5 , 1880, p. 163-190 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Contribution to the history of naturelle du Mexique . In: Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France . tape 6 , 1881, p. 231-232 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Enumeracion de las Especies de Mamíferos, aves, reptiles y batracios observados en la parte central y meridional de la República Mexicana . In: La naturaleza; periódico científico del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural. tape 5 , 1881, p. 199-213 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1880-1881).
  • Enumeracion de las aves observadas en el territorio de la Republica Mexicana . In: La naturaleza; periódico científico del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural. tape 5 , 1881, p. 227-250 ( [1] - 1880-1881).
  • Contribucion à la Historia Natural de México . In: La naturaleza; periódico científico del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural. tape 5 , 1881, p. 268-299 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1880-1881).
  • Enumeracion de las Especes de Reptiles observados en la parte meridional de la República Mexicana . In: La naturaleza; periódico científico del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural. tape 6 , 1882, p. 31-45 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1882-1884).
  • Enumeracion de los Batracios observados en la parte oriental y meridional de la República Mexicana . In: La naturaleza; periódico científico del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural. tape 6 , 1882, p. 78-84 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1882-1884).

literature

  • Spencer Fullerton Baird, Robert Ridgway: On some new forms of American Birds . In: Bulletin of the Essex Institute . tape 5 , no. 13 , 1874, pp. 197-201 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1873).
  • Lucien Biart: Aventures d'un jeune naturaliste aux Mexique . In: Magasin d'éducation et de récréation: journal de toute la famille . tape 5 , p. 353-363 ( books.google.de - 1868-1869).
  • Marie Firmin Bocourt: Note sur quelques reptiles de l'isthme de Tehuantepec (Mexique) donnés par M. Sumichrast au Muséum . In: Journal de zoologie . tape 5 , 1876, p. 386-4111 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Marie Firmin Bocourt: Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amérique Centrale: ouvrage publié par ordre de SM l'Empereur et par les soins du Ministre de l'instruction publique (=  Zoologique: Reptiles . Delivery 9). Imprimerie Nationale, Paris 1883 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1870–1909).
  • Adolphe Boucard: Notice sur François Sumichrast . In: Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France . tape 9 , 1884, p. 305-312 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Adolphe Boucard: Apuntes biográficos del Senor Francisco Sumichrast mienbro que fue de esta Sociedad . In: La naturaleza; periódico científico del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural y de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural. tape 7 , 1885, p. 311-315 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1885-1886).
  • Paul Louis Antoine Brocchi: Sur divers batraciens anoures de lAmérique Centrale . In: Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (=  7 ). tape 3 , 1879, p. 19-24 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Pierce Brodkorb: A new subspecies of Trogon citreolus . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 55 , 1942, pp. 183-184 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Edward Drinker Cope: On the Reptilia and Batrachia of Sonoran Province of the Nearctic Region . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 18 , 1866, pp. 300-314 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Edward Drinker Cope: Fifth Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 18 , 1867, p. 317-323 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1866).
  • Ezra Townsend Cresson: Descriptions of New Species of North American Bees . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. tape 30 , 1878, pp. 181-221 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Ezra Townsend Cresson: Descriptions of new North American Hymenoptera in the collection of the American Entomological Society . In: Transactions of the American Entomological Society and proceedings of the Entomological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences . tape 7 , 1878, p. 61-136 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Hippolyte Crosse, Paul Henri Fischer: Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum, reipublicæ Mexicanæ incolarum . In: Journal de conchyliologie. (=  3 ). tape 18 , 1878, p. 250-251 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Oscar Alberto Flores-Villela, Hobart Muir Smith, David Chizar: The History of Herpetological Exploration in Mexico . In: Bonn zoological contributions . tape 52 , 2003, p. 311-335 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier: Mexicanas plantas nuper a collectoribus expeditionis scientificae allatas aut longis from annis in herbario musei parisiensis depositas . ex Typographeo Reipublicae, Paris 1886 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • David Starr Jordan, David Kop Goss: A Review of the Flounders and Soles (Pleuronectidae) of America and Europe . Government Printing Office, Washington 1889, p. 225–342 ( books.google.de ).
  • Aloïs Humbert, Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure: Myriapoda nova Americana . In: Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée (=  2 ). tape 21 , 1861, p. 149-159 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Description of New Species of Buirds from Mexico, Central America, and South America, with a Note on Rallus longirostris . In: Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York . tape 10 , 1871, p. 1-21 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1874).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Descriptions of New Species of Birds of the Families Troglodytidæ and Tyrannidæ . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 23 , 1871, pp. 233-237 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Description of Six supposed New Species of American Birds . In: Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York . tape 10 , 1874, p. 395-399 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Description of a New Species of Birds of the Families Trochilidae and Tetranonidae . In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . tape 1 , no. 1/2 , 1877, p. 50-52 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Gustav Mayr: New Formicides . In: Negotiations of the Imperial-Royal Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna . tape 20 , 1870, p. 939-996 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Edward William Nelson: Preliminary Descriptions of New Birds from Mexico and Guatemala in the Collection of the United States Department of Agriculture . In: The Auk . tape 14 , no. 1 , 1897, p. 42–76 ( sora.unm.edu [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
  • Edward Norton: Notes on Mexican Ants . In: The American naturalist. tape 2 , no. 2 , 1868, p. 57-73 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1868-1869).
  • Robert Ridgway: A manual of North American birds . JB Lippincott company, Philadelphia 1887 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Robert Ridgway: Descriptions of some new species and subspecies of birds from tropical America . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 25 , 1912, pp. 87-92 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Osbert Salvin: Descriptions of new species of Upupæ and Trochili in the collection of the British Museum . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History (=  6 ). tape 7 , 1891, p. 374-378 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure: Note sur quelques Mammifères de Mexique . In: Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée (=  2 ). tape 12 , 1860, p. 3-11 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure: Essai d'une faune des Myriapodes du Mexique: avec la description de quelques espèces des autres partes de l'Amérique . JG Fick, Geneva 1860 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure: Note complémentaire sur quelques Mammifères de Mexique . In: Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée (=  2 ). tape 13 , 1861, p. 3-5 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure: Orthoptera nova Americana (Diagnoses praeliminares) . In: Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée (=  2 ). tape 13 , 1861, p. 156-164 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure: Orthoptera nova Americana (Diagnoses praeliminares) . In: Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée (=  2 ). tape 12 , 1861, p. 313-329 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater: A Review of the Species of the Family Icteridae Part IV . In: The Ibis (=  5 ). tape 2 , no. 6 , 1884, p. 149-167 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Samuel Hubbard Scudder: A systematic revision of some of the American butterflies, with brief notes on those known to occur in Essex County, Mass. In: Annual report of the trustees of the Peabody Academy of Science, for the year 1872 . tape 4 , 1872, p. 24-83 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1871).
  • Richard Bowdler Sharpe: Catalog of the Birds in the British Museum . tape 12 . Order of the Trustees, London 1888 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Cyrus Thomas: Description of some new Orthoptera, and Notes on some species but little known . In: Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories . tape 1 , no. 2 , 1874, p. 63-71 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ August Boucard (1884), p. 305.
  2. ↑ a b c d August Boucard (1884), p. 306.
  3. ↑ Lucien Biart (1884), p. 355.
  4. ^ Adrien Louis Jean François Sumichrast (1882), p. 35.
  5. ↑ a b August Boucard (1884), p. 307.
  6. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence (1874), p. 397.
  7. ↑ August Boucard (1884), p. 310.
  8. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence (1871), p. 6.
  9. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence (1871), pp. 233-234.
  10. ^ Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure (1860), p. 3.
  11. ^ Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure (1860), p. 7.
  12. ^ Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure (1861), p. 5.
  13. ^ Edward Drinker Cope (1866), p. 306.
  14. ^ Edward Drinker Cope (1867 (1866)), p. 321.
  15. ^ Paul Louis Antoine Brocchi (1879), p. 20.
  16. ↑ Hippolyte Crosse (1878), p. 250.
  17. ^ Ezra Townsend Cresson (1878), p. 218.
  18. ^ Ezra Townsend Cresson (1878), p. 129.
  19. ^ Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure (1860), p. 127.
  20. ↑ Aloïs Humbert (1860), p. 151.
  21. ^ Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure (1861), p. 160.
  22. ^ Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure (1861), p. 313.
  23. ↑ Gustav Mayr (1870), p. 993.
  24. ^ Edward Norton (1868), p. 62.
  25. ↑ Cyrus Thomas (1874), p. 70.
  26. ^ Osbert Salvin, p. 376.
  27. ↑ Spencer Fullerton Baird et al. a., p. 199.
  28. ^ Richard Bowdler Sharpe, p. 762.
  29. ^ Edward William Nelson (1897), p. 52.
  30. ↑ Pierce Brodkorb (1942), p. 183.
  31. ^ Marie Firmin Bocourt (1883), p. 538.
  32. ^ Robert Ridgway (1887), p. 447.
  33. ^ Robert Ridgway (1887), p. 91.
  34. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence (1871), p. 51.
  35. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater (1884), p. 152.
  36. ^ Marie Firmin Bocourt (1876), p. 404.
  37. ^ Samuel Hubbard Scudder (1872), p. 69.
  38. ↑ David Starr Jordan et al. a. (1889), p. 276.
  39. ^ Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier (1886), p. 11.
personal data
SURNAME Sumichrast, François
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sumichrast, Adrien Louis Jean François (more complete); Sumichrast, Francis E.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss-Mexican naturalist and zoologist
DATE OF BIRTH October 15, 1828
PLACE OF BIRTH Yvorne
DATE OF DEATH September 26, 1882
Place of death Tonalá