Franz Ludwig von Cancrin

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Franz Ludwig von Cancrin

Franz Ludwig Cancrin since 1786 by Cancrin , Latinized Franz Ludwig von Cancrinus (* 21st February 1738 in Breidenbach , † March 29 . Jul / 10. April  1816 greg. In Staraya Russa near Novgorod), was an engineer , mineralogist , Metallurgists and builders in pre-industrial times.

family

He came from a family that was closely connected to mining and metallurgy . He was the son of the Hessen-Kassel miner Johann Heinrich Cancrin (1710 to 1768), his mother was Anna Katherina, née Fresenius, whose father was a mining inspector. In the years 1736–1790, members of the family managed the copper and silver mines of Bieber in Spessart in what was then the county of Hanau-Munzenberg , and at times the mines near Hain-Gründau in what was then the county of Ysenburg-Büdingen-Büdingen .

Career

Hessen-Hanau

City Theater Hanau
Mechanics of the Wilhelmsbad carousel

Franz Ludwig Cancrin went to school in Bieber, where his father had been the mine director since 1741. He prepared to study law , but - at the request of the sovereign - also received training in mountain sciences: He received a scholarship from Landgrave Wilhelm VIII , who inherited the county of Hanau-Münzenberg in 1736 , and studied mathematics from 1759 and law at the University of Jena . He also dealt with architecture. In 1763/64 he went on a study trip to a large number of mines, about which he published a book.

Franz Ludwig Cancrin was initially in the service of the later Landgrave Wilhelm IX./I. von Hessen-Kassel (1743-1821), who inherited the county of Hanau-Münzenberg in 1760 (still a minor ). Franz Ludwig Cancrin was there in the rent chamber secretary (from 1767 as "Assesor"). In this role he was also responsible for the mining and salt industry in the county, especially the salt pans (in today's Bad Nauheim ). He also became the boss of his father, who continued to manage the mines in Bieber. Franz Ludwig Cancrin was also active in the building administration as court building director . He also taught mathematics as a professor at the High State School in Hanau and was the private tutor of Prince Friedrich von Hessen-Kassel (1772–1784) in this subject.

Since 1768 he was part of the management of the Hanau Theater and built the theater building in the same year. He was also the architect of Wilhelmsbad . Among other things, he constructed a large carousel there that is still preserved today and is ready for use again . In 1773 he became a “real councilor”. He had his own carriage to travel between the numerous construction sites he oversees.

In 1774 he was appointed director of the mint in Hanau, in 1781 he was appointed senior chamber councilor and councilor.

In 1782 there was a break between Franz Ludwig Cancrin and Wilhelm IX, because Cancrin had been involved in the construction of the Gerabrunn saltworks , which represented economic competition to the saltworks in Bad Nauheim, but - even worse - by Ludwig Friedrich von Gall, Oberhofmarschall des Father of Wilhelm IX, Friedrich II of Hessen-Kassel , who ruled in Hessen-Kassel . Landgrave Friedrich II. And Prince Wilhelm were political opponents, also because Friedrich II. Legitimized Wilhelm IX. denied ruling in Hanau. Franz Ludwig Cancrin been to six months imprisonment sentenced to be spent on Schloss Babenhausen was serving.

Russia

In 1782/83 he worked briefly for Friedrich Karl Alexander , Margrave of Ansbach , as the office director in Altenkirchen and continued to advise him on the saline in Gerabrunn.

Then he received a call from Catherine II as director of the salt works in Staraya Russa in the Novgorod governorate . There he found a brewhouse and six graduation towers .

From 1786 to 1793 he received a research stay in Western Europe paid for by the Russian side, which he mainly spent in Gießen and also used to complete his main work, First Reasons for Mining and Salt Works, in 12 volumes. The German-language edition was published in Frankfurt am Main from 1773 to 1791. The work was also published in a partial translation in Russian and in a heavily abridged edition in French . The Russian edition consists of the first ten volumes and was translated into Russian by eight translators, published in the printing house of the St. Petersburg Mining Academy and given out to well-deserved graduates by the university.

In 1793 he finally returned to Russia, became a member of the Mountain College in 1796 and a member of the College Council in 1798. As a result, he moved to Saint Petersburg , where Tsar Paul I gave him a house. In 1800 he again took over the management of the Staraja Russa salt works; where he was able to find a job for his son, Georg Cancrin (1774-1845), who had followed him to Russia in 1797.

In 1812 he retired on full salary.

Memberships

Family, private life

Franz Ludwig Cancrin married Maria Louise Philippine Kröber in 1773, also the daughter of a mountain council, from the Duchy of Pfalz-Zweibrücken . The marriage resulted in seven children, four of whom did not survive childhood. The others were:

  • Georg Cancrin (1774–1845), Russian Finance Minister
  • Franziska (1777–1849), married Wolframsdorff
  • Caroline (1782–1847)

On December 21, 1784 Franz Ludwig Cancrin was raised to the nobility by Emperor Joseph II , and was now called "von Cancrin".

Honors

In Breidenbach, Hanau, Biebergemünd and Sailauf streets are named after Cancrin.

The fact that he is also said to have been the namesake of the mineral cancrinite is based on a misinformation that was brought into the world by Karl Wilhelm Gümbel and then repeatedly copied. The name given to the mineral was rather his son, the Russian Finance Minister Georg Cancrin.

Works

buildings

Wilhelmsbad health resort
College building Darmstadt

Fonts

The currently most comprehensive - albeit not complete - listing of the literary work of Franz Ludwig Cancrin can be found in Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, pp. 54–61. It comprised around 13,000 printed pages and 800 copperplate engravings .

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ See the list of mines in the Spessart .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bott, p. 74.
  2. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 18
  3. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 9
  4. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 22 f.
  5. ^ Description of the finest mines in Hesse [...] Andräische Buchhandlung, Frankfurt am Main 1767
  6. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 25
  7. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 24
  8. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 25
  9. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 26.
  10. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 33.
  11. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 26.
  12. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 38.
  13. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 27
  14. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, pp. 27, 38
  15. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 39
  16. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 40
  17. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 45.
  18. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 47
  19. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, pp. 54–58
  20. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 47
  21. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, pp. 62–64
  22. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 47
  23. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 49
  24. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 47
  25. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 25
  26. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 2
  27. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 48
  28. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 26
  29. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 47
  30. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 53
  31. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 26, note 86
  32. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 26
  33. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 27
  34. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 37 f.
  35. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 38
  36. ↑  Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 28 ff.
  37. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 35
  38. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 38
  39. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 38
  40. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 36
  41. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 47
  42. ↑ Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, p. 50
  43. ↑ books.google.fr ; see: Lorenz / Nickel / Nossek, pp. 54–58
personal data
SURNAME Cancrin, Franz Ludwig von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cancrin, Franz Ludwig von; Cancrinus, Franz Ludwig von (Latinized spelling)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German engineer, mineralogist, metallurgist and master builder from the pre-industrial era
DATE OF BIRTH February 21, 1738
PLACE OF BIRTH Breidenbach , Hesse
DATE OF DEATH April 10, 1816
Place of death Staraya Russa