Franz Xaver Gerl
Franz Xaver Gerl (born November 30, 1764 in Andorf ; † March 9, 1827 in Mannheim ) was an Austrian opera singer ( bass ) and composer.
Life
Franz Xaver Gerl was born the son of a village schoolmaster and organist. From 1777 he was contralto with the Salzburg Boys' Choir, where he must have been a student of Leopold Mozart , and from 1778 he attended the University High School in Salzburg . Finally he studied physics and logic at the University of Salzburg , but broke off this course and in 1785 joined Ludwig Schmidt's theater troupe in Erlangen as bass. After their dissolution, he joined the troupe of Gustav Friedrich Großmann and Christian Wilhelm Klos . From 1787 he belonged to the ensemble of Emanuel Schikaneder in Regensburg , with whom he went to Vienna in 1789 . On September 2, 1789, he married Barbara Reisinger, who also belonged to Schikaneder's troupe as a soprano.
From 1789 Gerl also appeared as a composer of everyday music for performances by the theater troupe, whereby the Singspiele were mostly created as joint productions with his ensemble colleagues Benedikt Schack and Johann Baptist Henneberg on libretti by Schikaneder. His star role is said to have been Osmin in the Abduction from the Seraglio , which he sang for the first time in 1786. His participation in the world premiere of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Magic Flute , in which he created the role of Sarastro, was significant . Mozart composed the aria Per questa bella mano KV 612 for him , which was probably intended as an insert in a buffa opera. He was also one of the singers with whom Mozart rehearsed parts of his Requiem the day before his death .
From 1794 to 1801 Gerl and his wife Barbara were engaged at the National Theater in Brno . In 1802 Gerl moved to the Nationaltheater Mannheim , where he was retired in 1826 as a grand ducal court actor of Baden. In the last years of his work he shifted his focus increasingly to speaking roles, u. a. in plays by Friedrich Schiller .
His younger brother Judas Thaddäus Gerl (1774-1844) also worked as an opera singer (bass), which in older biographical literature occasionally led to confusion between the two. Of another brother, Johann Nepomuk Gerl (1769–1826), we only know that he was a choirboy in Salzburg and later worked as a schoolmaster and organist in Andorf.
Works
Insert numbers for Singspiele created in collaboration:
- The stupid gardener from the mountains or Die zween Anton (with Johann Baptist Henneberg and Benedikt Schack , libretto: Emanuel Schikaneder ; premiered July 12, 1789)
- Jakob und Nannerl or The Pleasant Dream (premiere July 25, 1789; lost)
- The hidden things (with Johann Baptist Henneberg and Benedikt Schack, libretto: Emanuel Schikaneder; premiere September 26, 1789)
- What does Anton do in winter? (with Johann Baptist Henneberg, libretto: Emanuel Schikaneder; WP January 6, 1790)
- Spring or Anton is not dead yet (with Johann Baptist Henneberg and Benedikt Schack, libretto: Emanuel Schikaneder; premiered June 18, 1790)
- Don Quixotte and Sancho Panza (Libretto: Carl Ludwig Giesecke ; premiere April 17, 1790; lost)
- The Philosopher's Stone or The Magic Island (with Johann Baptist Henneberg, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Benedikt Schack and Emanuel Schikaneder, libretto: Emanuel Schikaneder; premiere September 11, 1790)
- Die Wiener Zeitung (with Benedikt Schack, libretto: Carl Ludwig Giesecke; premiered January 12, 1791)
- The magic of song (premier Brno, 23 Jan 1791; lost)
- Anton bei Hofe or The Name Festival (with Johann Baptist Henneberg and Benedikt Schack, libretto: Emanuel Schikaneder; premiered June 4, 1791)
- Das Schlaraffenland (with Benedikt Schack, Libretto: Gieseke; premiered June 23, 1792; lost)
- The renegade or Anton in Turkey (with Johann Baptist Henneberg and Benedikt Schack, libretto: Emanuel Schikaneder; premier September 15, 1792)
- The benevolent dervish (with Johann Baptist Henneberg and Benedikt Schack, libretto: Emanuel Schikaneder ; September 10, 1793)
- The masquerade or love makes all estates the same , also: Count Balbarone (Libretto: Franz Joseph Franzky after Carlo Goldoni's La contessina ; premier Brno, March 3, 1796)
- The Law of Fist in Thuringia , three parts (Libretto: Karl Friedrich Hensler ; UA Brünn, June 18, 1797, September 3, 1797, October 14, 1797).
- Die Schreckenskuss or Das Fräulein von Burgund (Libretto: Anton Adolph von Crenzin ; UA Brno, March 5, 1798)
- The Bride of Stone (UA Brno, March 13, 1799; lost)
- Dirge or Rollas Tod (Libretto: August von Kotzebue , WP Brno 1796; lost)
Spiritual works:
- In tanta solemnitate , aria for bass and orchestra
- Dulcissime domine deus , Offertory in F major
Instrumental works:
- 12 Germans for orchestra
- 60 Germans , arranged for piano
literature
- Gerl, Franz (Xaver). In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 1, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1957, p. 426.
- Barbara Boisits: Gerl, family. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-7001-3044-9 .
- Daniel Brandenburg: Gerl, Franz Xaver. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Second edition, personal section, volume 5 (Covell - Dzurov). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 2001, ISBN 3-7618-1115-2 ( online edition , subscription required for full access)
- Otto Erich Deutsch: The Freihaus Theater on the Wieden. Vienna 1937.
- Egon von Komorzynski: Gerl . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 49, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, p. 300 f.
- Karl-Josef Kutsch, Leo Riemens: Large singer lexicon . Volume 4. 4th edition. KG Saur, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-598-11598-9 , p. 1698 f. ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- Alfred Orel: Gerl, Franz Xaver. In: Friedrich Blume (Hrsg.): The music in past and present (MGG). First edition, Volume 4 (Fede - Singing Pedagogy). Bärenreiter / Metzler, Kassel et al. 1955, DNB 550439609 , Sp. 1797–1799 (= Digital Library Volume 60, pp. 27087–27092)
- Alfred Orel: Sarastro - Mr. Gerl, an old woman - Mad. Gerl. In: Mozart Yearbook 1955, pp. 66–89.
- Alfred Orel: New Gerliana. In: Mozart yearbook 1957, pp. 212–222.
- Karl Maria Pisarowitz: Gerl, Franz Xaver. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 292 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Gerl, Franz Xaver . In: Wilibald Gurlitt (Ed.): Riemann Musiklexikon . 12th, completely revised edition. People part: A-K . Schott, Mainz 1959, p. 40 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Gerl (Görl) (singer) . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 5th part. Typogr.-literar.-artist publishing house. Establishment (L. C. Zamarski & C. Dittmarsch.), Vienna 1859, p. 154 ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Literature by and about Franz Xaver Gerl in the catalog of the German National Library
- Franz Xaver Gerl in the Bavarian Musicians' Lexicon Online (BMLO)
- Sheet music and audio files by Franz Xaver Gerl in the International Music Score Library Project
- Peter Branscombe, David J. Book: Gerl family. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- Franz Xaver Gerl at europeana
- Entry on Franz Xaver Gerl in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Franz Xaver Gerl at Operissimo on the basis of the Great Singer Lexicon
- Franz Xaver Gerl in the Carl Maria von Weber Complete Edition
Individual evidence
- ↑ Per questa bella mano (KV 612) : Score and critical report in the New Mozart Edition
- ^ Obituary for Benedikt Schak in the Allgemeine musical newspaper , 1827. Quoted from: Christoph Wolff: Mozart's Requiem. History - music - documents. Bärenreiter, Kassel 1991, ISBN 3-7618-1242-6 , p. 126 f.
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Gerl, Franz Xaver |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian opera singer and composer |
DATE OF BIRTH | November 30, 1764 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Andorf |
DATE OF DEATH | March 9, 1827 |
Place of death | Mannheim |