Friedrich (Württemberg-Neuenstadt)

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Friedrich von Württemberg-Neuenstadt

Friedrich (born December 19, 1615 in Stuttgart ; † March 24, 1682 in Neuenstadt am Kocher ) was Duke of Württemberg and founded the second branch of Württemberg-Neuenstadt .

Life

Friedrich was the third son of Johann Friedrich , the seventh Duke of Württemberg , and of Barbara Sophia of Brandenburg . He was born in the old castle in Stuttgart and baptized in the castle chapel on March 10, 1616. Godfather was Elector Friedrich V of the Palatinate. When his father died in 1628, his older brother Eberhard III. Duke.

In November 1627 he got Lucas Schickhardt (III.) As a preceptor . In 1628 - at the age of thirteen - he came to study at the Collegium illustrious in Tübingen , where he was also accompanied by his Preceptor. Since the Thirty Years' War soon posed increasing danger for Württemberg, the Duke sent him abroad on his cavalier tour in 1630 for security reasons . Lucas Schickhardt accompanied him on the whole trip - until 1638. The route led via Strasbourg , Basel and Mömpelgard to Lyon , where it had to be interrupted because of a severe fever. In the spring of 1634 Friedrich continued his journey, which took him through France , Italy and England . When he learned of the occupation of Württemberg as a result of the lost battle of Nördlingen , he went to the Danish royal court at the end of 1634, where he was accepted by his uncle, King Christian IV . In 1637 Friedrich traveled to Vienna to get Emperor Ferdinand II to return the duchy to his brother. The emperor offered him to become Duke of Württemberg himself if he converted to the Catholic faith , which Friedrich refused.

1638 received Eberhard III. his territory from the new Emperor Ferdinand III. partially back. Friedrich ended his trip at this point, but entered military service and served under Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar and Landgrave Wilhelm VI. von Hessen-Kassel, where he distinguished himself in 1642 in the battle of the Kempener Heide and in 1648 made a decisive contribution to the victory in the battle of Wevelinghoven , which preceded the Peace of Westphalia .

After the peace treaty, in which the full restitution of Württemberg also took place, he returned to his homeland and agreed with Eberhard on an inheritance settlement. Friedrich received the offices of Neuenstadt am Kocher and Möckmühl as well as half of the office of Weinsberg for himself and his heirs, albeit without having state sovereignty. This made him the founder of the Württemberg-Neuenstadt sideline , which only outlasted him by a generation.

Friedrich's wife Clara Augusta von Braunschweig-Lüneburg

Friedrich had Neuenstadt Castle repaired after the devastation of the Thirty Years War and settled there in 1652. On June 7, 1653, he married Clara Augusta von Braunschweig-Lüneburg in Wolfenbüttel(* June 25, 1632 in Hitzacker; † October 6, 1700 in Weißenhof near Weinsberg), a daughter of August the Younger of Braunschweig. The couple had twelve children over time.

Following the example of his bride's father, Friedrich built a library in Neuenstadt , which grew to 25,000 individual volumes by the time he died; in addition, he collected coins and medals . After his death the collection was sold to Stuttgart. In 1666 he received from King Friedrich III. the highest Danish award, the Elephant Order . In 1674, during the Franco-Dutch War , he was appointed General Feldzeugmeister and General of the Infantry, without however actively intervening in the battle.

When the Duke of the main line, Wilhelm Ludwig , died in 1677, Friedrich was the next candidate for the reign for the still underage Eberhard Ludwig . However, Emperor Leopold I preferred the child's uncle, Friedrich Karl from the Winnental line , to which Friedrich reacted with bitterness.

Duke Friedrich died after a long illness on March 24, 1682 and was buried in the family crypt he had laid out in 1664 in the Neuenstadt church . His widow Clara Augusta moved into her summer residence, the Weißenhof in Weinsberg, as a widow's residence . The successor to the Württemberg-Neuenstadt line was the eldest son, Friedrich August .

family

The sarcophagi of Friedrich (back) and Clara Augusta (front) in the Neuenstadtter crypt
Sarcophagi of three daughters who died early in Neuenstadt

In June 1653, Friedrich had married Clara Augusta von Braunschweig. The marriage had twelve children, but only five of them reached adulthood, including three sons, Friedrich August , Ferdinand Wilhelm and Carl Rudolf . While Friedrich August took over Friedrich's inheritance, the two other sons entered military service following the example of their father, where they distinguished themselves as generals. Clara Augusta survived her husband by 18 years and died in 1700. In detail, Friedrich's children were:

  1. Friedrich August (1654-1716)
  2. Ulrich (* / † 1655)
  3. Eberhard (* / † 1656)
  4. Albrecht (1657-1670)
  5. Sophie Dorothea (1658–1681)
  6. Ferdinand Wilhelm (1659–1701)
  7. Anton Ulrich (1661–1680)
  8. Barbara Auguste (1663–1664)
  9. Eleonore Charlotte (1664–1666)
  10. Christoph (* / † 1666)
  11. Carl Rudolf (1667–1742)
  12. Anna Eleonore (1669-1670)

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Friedrich von Württemberg-Neuenstadt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
--- Duke of Württemberg, Neuenstadt line
1649–1682 		Friedrich August
personal data
SURNAME Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Friedrich von Württemberg-Neuenstadt
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Württemberg, Neuenstadt line
DATE OF BIRTH December 19, 1615
PLACE OF BIRTH Stuttgart
DATE OF DEATH March 24, 1682
Place of death Neuenstadt am Kocher