GTS Teutschenthal mine
| GTS Grube Teutschenthal Safety GmbH | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
|||
| other names | Krügershall / Teutschenthal shaft | ||
| Mining technology | Site construction , also called pillar construction / Firstenkammerbau | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | changing names for the potash plant | ||
| Employees | Workforce before 1945: up to approx. 675; after 1945: up to approx. 1050 | ||
| Start of operation | 1906 | ||
| End of operation | 1982 | ||
| Successor use | Reserve mine until 1945; then again crude salt production until 1982; from 1992 backfill mine | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Carnallitite, kieserite and rock salt | ||
| Mightiness | Carnallitite up to 50 m, rock salt up to 300 m | ||
| Raw material content | Carnallite: K 2 O up to 10% | ||
| Raw material content | Rock salt: NaCl up to 94% | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 28 '6 " N , 11 ° 47' 4" E | ||
|
|||
| Location | Teutschenthal | ||
| local community | Teutschenthal | ||
| country | State of Saxony-Anhalt | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Halle's potash district | ||
The GTS Grube Teutschenthal (Operator: Grube Teutschenthal backup GmbH), formerly potash Kruger Hall , is a former potash mine , which is now the offset is used with non-mining materials. It is located immediately north of the Teutschenthal train station . The mine field extends in the shape of an arc segment about 6.5 km long in a north-west-south-east direction. The mine since 1925 level of 713 m level durchschlägig the northern of their pit box of potash union Salzmünde and the east adjacent mining area Angersdorf (there were once two independent Kaliwerke: union Salzmünde and Halle Kaliwerke A.-G. ) connected. The area of influence of the interconnected pit fields on the earth's surface is approx. 10 × 2.5 km with an assumed critical angle of 55 ° and extends from the western edge of the Angersdorf location to the southern edge of Langenbogen including the communities of Langenbogen and Teutschenthal.
The company names changed often. The plant was initially called the Krügershall AG potash plant . From 1929 Burbach-Kaliwerke AG, Magdeburg, Krügershall plant, Teutschenthal station . After the Second World War , the plant became a SAG plant ( Krügershall plant ) in accordance with Order No. 124 of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany . From 1952 VEB Potash and Rock Salt Company Germany (part of the main administration “Kali” at the Ministry of Mining and Metallurgy). Finally in 1970 VEB Kombinat Kali , VEB Potash and Rock Salt Plant “Saale”, Teutschenthal plant and from 1988 VEB Kalibetrieb “ Ernst Schneller ” Zielitz , Teutschenthal plant . From June 1, 1990, the Treuhandanstalt Berlin became the sole shareholder of KALIMAG GmbH, Teutschenthal train station, Strasse der Einheit 8 .
The mining work on Krügershall / Teutschenthal ended with the activity of this company until May 11, 1992. Since May 12, 1992 , the company GTS Grube Teutschenthal Sicherheits-GmbH , a subsidiary of the Bavarian Geiger group of companies, has been working with offset .
Search and exploration work / geological and hydrogeological deposit conditions
The historical development of the potash industry in Germany and the detailed geological and hydrogeological conditions in the Teutschenthal area are dealt with in detail in the article on the Salzmünde Potash Works Union .
The pit Krüger Hall / Teutschenthal as well as the intra-day associated with this mine fields Salzmünde and Angersdorf (ex. Union Saale and Halle Kaliwerke A.-G. ) are located on the NO-edge of the of Eisleben according Delitz the mount trending Teutsch Thaler saddle. To the west of Wansleben , the saddle head is drained due to the rise in the saddle axis. The potash store falls undisturbed at 7–8 degrees. A flattening towards the saddle head can be observed. The only major tectonic faults are the northern and southern Salzke Depression with the Salzke broad saddle, which were approached with the connecting route between the Krügershall / Teutschenthal and Salzmünde mine fields.
The formation of the Zechstein corresponds to the Staßfurt normal profile. The Zechsteinsequences 1 to 4 (Z1 to Z4) are available. Mostly stratified carnallitite of the Z2 (with a thickness of up to 40 m) was mined from the 5th Unstrutbank to above the Spätbank. The K 2 O content varied between 6 and 10%. The Staßfurt rock salt obtained had an NaCl content of 82 to 94%. Mineralogical peculiarities were the occurrence of tachyhydrite and stassfurtite nodules.
The International drilling company to Erkelenz by Anton Raky began in 1902 a series of deep holes to sink . The exploration well "Teutschenthal I" was located about 70 m west of the later Krügershall / Teutschenthal shaft. At a depth of 450.8 m it encountered rock salt and at 634.7 m it encountered a 55.3 m thick potash deposit . As a result, nine more holes were drilled by 1905. Among other things, the “Langenbogen I” well reached 551.4 m of rock salt and 721.4–765.9 m of potash salt in the depth section. In contrast, the deep boreholes “Langenbogen II” and “III” only found rock salt (from depths of 589.0 m and 572.9 m, respectively). On the finds in these holes were part of a drilling company dowsing inserted and the mountain official ceremony of the "right to mining of rock salt and beibrechender salts."
The hydrogeology in the area of the Teutschenthal shaft is characterized by the water-bearing layers of the Middle Buntsandstein (main aquifers are its mighty and well- permeable sandstone banks ). In the Lower Buntsandstein (up to 300 m thick, predominantly clay / silty facies ) locally existing roe stone banks are water-bearing.
Selected regional geological units of Saxony-Anhalt
Results of five exploratory drillings in the Teutschenthal area
The limits of the spread of potash in the Teutschenthal area
Structure of the Teutschenthal potash store
The company's development from 1905 to 1992
Location of the just
Share of Kaliwerke Krügershall AG
Burbach-Kaliwerke AG shares
- Company formation
By assignment agreement dated March 27, 1905, Messrs. Friedrich H. Krüger (Halberstadt) and Siegfried Weinstock (Halle ad Saale) acquired the rights to the suggestions made by the international drilling company ( A. Schaaffhausen'scher Bankverein ) as well as to the entire area of interest (10 Prussian normal fields in the Teutschenthal and Langenbogen districts). This right became the subject of the future mining company.
The company was founded on March 29, 1905 by the merchants Krüger, Krumbiegel and Grau as well as bankers Weinstock and Dr. med. Friedmann as Kaliwerk Krügershall Aktiengesellschaft , entered in the commercial register on June 19, 1905. The name Krügershall was chosen in honor of the founder and first chairman of the company's supervisory board.
In 1912 the Burbach union acquired the majority of the Krügershall shares and appointed Gerhard Korte as the new chairman of the supervisory board.
The general and trade assemblies of the joint stock companies Krügershall, Wittekind, Lower Saxony and Heldburg, as well as the trade unions Walbeck, Salzmünde, Günthershall, Schwarzburg, Hildasglück, Carlshall, Volkenroda, Wilhelmshall-Ölsburg , Siegried-Giesen, Fürstenhall, called on December 12, 1928 , Rössing-Barnten, Königshall and Hindenburg, Asse, Friedrichroda, Oberhof, Reinhardsbrunn, Frisch-Glück, Desdemona, Bernsdorf, Rastenberg and Riedel were proposed to merge into a stock corporation. The Burbach trade union served as the bearer of the majority of the company and thus as the top work . The company name was changed to Burbach-Kaliwerke Aktiengesellschaft . Your seat was moved to Magdeburg. The Burbach trade union itself and the Beienrode, Baden and Markgräfler trade unions were excluded from the transaction.
- Fair
Of the original 10 Prussian normal fields, 5 were given to the Salzmünde union . There remained in the districts of Wansleben , Langenbogen , Bennstedt , Eisdorf , Köchstedt , Unter-Teutschenthal, Cöllme and Müllerdorf 10,788,471 m 2 (awarded by the former Oberbergamt Halle on rock salt and breaking salts). On February 15, 1908, the plant joined the potash sales syndicate .
- Company development after the Second World War
On May 3, 1945, the Krügershall / Teutschenthal potash works took over the since April d. J. Crude salt production, which was interrupted due to the war, and the factory operations again. With the order of the Supreme Chief of the Soviet Military Administration and Commander-in-Chief of the Group of the Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany of October 30, 1945, Order No. 124, “On the confiscation and provisional takeover of certain categories of property in Germany”, the Krügershall potash plant was also transferred to Soviet administration and lost its affiliation with the Burbach Group.
On August 1, 1946, the Soviet stock corporation (SAG) for potash fertilizers was founded and also took over the Krügershall potash plant. From October 1, 1946, the plant operates as the Krügershall potash plant in the Industrial Works Association of the Province of Saxony-Anhalt . Only on April 3, 1947 was it returned as state property to the industrial works of Saxony-Anhalt, industrial group mining . From July 1, 1948, the Teutschenthal potash works (the name Krügershall now belonged to history) belonged to the Association of Publicly Owned Enterprises (VVB) Potash and Salts in Halle as a public property . The work remained in this form of ownership - albeit with a changing name - until the political change in 1990.
On June 1, 1990, the Teutschenthal potash plant became an independent corporation under the company name KALIMAG GmbH, Bahnhof Teutschenthal, Straße der Einheit 8 . The sole shareholder was the Treuhandanstalt Berlin . Finally, on June 1, 1992, the Teutschenthal Sicherheitsgesellschaft mbH GTS mine took over the Teutschenthal plant including the adjacent Salzmünde and Angersdorf mine fields .
The shaft construction
Height of hanging lawn bench : + 110.0 m above sea level ; Diameter: 5.25 m; Depth: 733 m.
Chipped soles : 2nd level, 660 m depth (−549.8 m above sea level); 3rd level, 713 m depth (−603.2 m above sea level).
Until 1940 : 2nd level: −549.8 m above sea level; 3rd lift level: −532.1 m above sea level; 4th floor level: −525.1 m above sea level; 5th lift level: −516.3 m above sea level; 6. Elevation level: −505.6 m above sea level.
From 1940 : 1st level: 610 m deep; 2nd level: 660 m deep; 3rd level: 713 m deep (the change in the distance between the levels is due to the reorientation of the further mine field outcrop as a result of the rockfall in 1940 , since the old mine field was no longer accessible due to the destruction).
From 1972 : 1a level: 628 m deep; 1st level: 658 m deep; 2nd level: 688 m deep; 3rd level: 713 m deep; 4th level: 747 m deep; 5th level: 787 m deep; 6th level: 817/827 m deep. (Change in the sole spacing as a result of a new mining dimensioning due to specifications of the Institute for Mining Safety Leipzig).
Sinking began on September 1, 1905. The first 20 m sumps were sunk by December 1905 using the sump method . In mid-March 1906 the shaft was already at a depth of 75 m. Three months later the depth was 162 m. As a result, the further denunciation succeeded without any particular problems. The rock salt was reached at a depth of 495 m on March 22, 1907 and the potash store on June 25 of the same year. After reaching a depth of 660 m, the filling point of the main conveyor line was struck here and the weather bed at 650 m .
The first headframe after completion of the Krügershall shaft (Teutschenthal)
View of the headframe of the Teutschenthal shaft around 1946 (main and secondary production offset by 90 degrees)
View of the headframe of the Teutschenthal shaft with its main and secondary production in 1991
View of the headframe of the Teutschenthal shaft shortly before dismantling in 1994
The following two completely independent conveyor systems were installed: an electrical main conveyor machine (Ilgner system) and a steam conveyor as a secondary conveyor. The former had a shift output of 500–600 t at a conveying speed of 19 m / s. At the same time, the secondary production managed 250 t if necessary. The main conveying cage contained two trolleys, one behind the other, each weighing 800 kg of raw salt. An electrically driven fan (Cappel system) blew an air volume of 4,000 m 3 / min in the specially partitioned off section of the shaft .
In 1940, in order to increase the crude salt production, the headframe and machine house as well as the shaft hoisting equipment were largely replaced while operations continued. The corresponding parts of the “Hindenburg” shaft in Reyershausen were installed after they were dismantled and renovated. Compared to the old system, the main headframe has been rotated 90 degrees.
In 1942, the shaft was demonized because of leaching at the filling point from the 660 m level to the 713 m level. The cavity was filled with gravel from the factory. In 1948 the shaft tube was deepened to 733 m ( shaft sump ).
Shaft extension: The shaft was lined with 2 1/2 stone brick masonry down to a depth of 5.7 m. Thereafter, ten-part German segments (wall thicknesses 30 - 60 mm; wall thickness increase with depth) were installed down to the depth of 192.0 m in order to block the water inflows that had occurred up to this point. The segments were placed on wedge wreaths down to a depth of 100 m and hung below from here (see left photo). While the bottom of the shaft was further demolished, the shaft was lined with brickwork to a depth of 276.9 m with the help of a floating platform. This is followed by German segments (wall thicknesses 65 - 70 mm) up to a depth of 290.9 m, followed by brickwork down to a depth of 662.0 m. German segments (wall thickness 30 mm) from 662.0 m to 672.5 m as well as brick masonry up to the final depth of 733.0 m complete the expansion of the shaft. In depths of 27.0 m; 50.43 m; 134,50 m and 181.50 m were Pikotagen introduced.
Removal and installation, dismantling and relocation processes
In the Krügershaller / Teutschenthaler mining field only the Zechstein cycle Z2 (Kaliflöz Staßfurt and Staßfurt rock salt) was unlocked .
In December 1907, the dismantling of the potash warehouse began, which Schweisgut (1925) describes in great detail. The great thickness of the potash deposit allowed the road to be driven exclusively in carnallitite. The potash store, however, did not prove to be usable in its full thickness. After the hanging wall, clay and tachhydrite deposits occurred, which caused considerable manufacturing difficulties in the manufacturing of the crude salt due to the inability of the solutions to clarify. Even the rock salt banks were to be avoided after lying down . After all, a deposit thickness of 15 to 20 m remained for mining, which produced a valuable and gravel-rich salt. The strike of the deposit ran from SSE to NNW, the dip accordingly from WSW to ONE at an angle of 6 degrees.
It was dismantled using the local construction method. The individual quarries were initially created by painting, then cross- cutting; At the start of mining, their dimensions were 80 m long, 15 m wide and 12 m high and were constructed in three sections, namely in the cave in, the flat and ultimately the high ridge . The thickness of the pillars between the quarries was 10 m. After a long series of dismantling, pillars of 20 m were left in place. The backfill material consisted of factory and furnace residues as well as residual substances from the salt pans production. The mines were only moved up to 2 m below the roof with the approval of the mining authority.
To extract rock salt , a section dipping to the west was driven from the 660 m level south of the shaft and the excavation floor was set at a depth of 60 m. Since 1912, rock salt has only been extracted in the hanging parts of the Staßfurt rock salt; from 1951 below the fracture field from 1940. The mining process was similar to the extraction of carnallitite, but without offset.
The breakthrough with the Salzmünde mine field took place on May 15, 1925. It ends on the Krügershall / Teutschenthal side at the foot of a weather flat and a blind shaft . A dam gate was built into the connecting line, but its functionality was lost over the years.
Between 1940 and 1949, the carnallitite intermediate field was mined and the scraper was used.
From 1950 the carnallitite chamber construction was started without offset in the new mining field along the 713 m level. The new mining parameters were based on a report by the Bergakademie Freiberg. The width of the safety pillars was now 45 m. When retreating from the mine field, they should be used again for the extraction of crude salt through secondary chamber construction.
Around 1957 the mining field expanded along the 3rd level to the southeast in the direction of the Angersdorf mine field. The excavation front was widened to replace the exploited northern field by the 2nd level (660 m level).
On August 3, 1963 the breakthrough of the 713 m level with the rock salt level (Leine rock salt) took place in the pit field of the Halle mine. In addition to the Salzmünde shaft, the Halle shaft now served as an additional escape and weather shaft. With the opening of the 1st level (610 m depth) for the extraction of crude salt, the mining front was significantly expanded. The roll holes I, II and III were created by cross from the 713 m level of high-broken to 660-m level, and as novel crude salt buffer. The route network with contact wire operation was extended accordingly.
From 1966 the technology of raw salt extraction and extraction was completely changed. The excavation was carried out with a simultaneous roof passage through the use of blasting and large-hole drilling vehicles. Deep shovel wheel loaders (type ST-8), large filling stations and conveyor belts were now used to remove the crude salt.
In the years 1971 to 1973, the "Ostfeld" expanded in a south-easterly direction to the Angersdorf mine field along the weather route on the 713 m level and levels 1 and 2 running parallel to it. With the "large-scale technology" that was now in use, the raw salt flake was transported 300–400 m to maneuverable tipping points in the mining chambers, crushed with crushers and then conveyed to central filling station C with belt conveyors. From this crude salt bunker, the electric locomotive-driven trolley trains drove the crude salt to the filling point of the Teutschenthal mine.
In January 1974 the breakthrough of the weather flattening occurred with the potash level (745 m depth) of the Halle mine.
The cessation of carnallitite mining for GDR economic considerations took place with the promotion of the last crude salt mine on December 22, 1982.
Since 1907, approx. 38 million tons of salt have been extracted from the Teutschenthal mine. A total of approx. 14.1 million m 3 . Thereof 0.7 million m 3 in the rock salt area , 11.2 million m 3 in carnallite and 2.2 million m 3 from driveways .
According to Götze (1991), after subtracting the natural pit cavity convergence due to elevation and loosening of the overburden, around 12.1 million m 3 remained open.
processing
In 1906 a raw salt mill with an output of 80 t / h was built. Obtaining a concession to discharge the wastewater from the processing of the crude salt proved difficult. The application already submitted in October 1905, which provided for the daily processing of 500 t of raw salt and the discharge of the waste water into the Saale above the city of Halle, was rejected by the district committee in Merseburg. After further applications and the involvement of the Minister of Commerce and Industry, the approval was finally granted on November 22nd, 1907 in the form that the final liquors were to be discharged into the Saale below the city of Halle. In the meantime, however, all other factories and buildings had been built, so that on February 10, 1908, the first potash salt could be delivered. In the first year of operation, a bromine factory with a daily capacity of 500 kg bromine was built. Further plants followed: 1909 construction of a sulphate and potassium-magnesium sulphate factory; 1911 Construction of a salt works with initially four, later eight boiling pans, which could produce up to 20,000 t of vacuum salt per year.
1928: In 10 boiling pans, around 80 t of evaporated salt are produced every working day.
1939: A modern vacuum boiling salt plant is moved from a closed group company to Teutschenthal and replaces the less productive boiling pans.
1966: After completion of a brine pipeline from the Angersdorf mine to Teutschenthal, NaCl brine is pumped from the underground brine field of the Angersdorf mine to Teutschenthal as a raw material for evaporated salt production.
Location of the daytime facilities as well as the workers 'and civil servants' houses at the Krügershall potash plant around 1925
Aerial view of the Krügershall potash plant around 1930
Women workers on the salt kilns of the Krügershall potash factory during the First World War
Sacks of potash fertilizer salt, ready for loading
Drying station Kalifabrik Krügershall
At the end of the 1970s, the potash salts were subjected to hot dissolution in the factory of what is now called the “VEB Kali- und Steinsalzbetrieb“ Saale ”, Teutschenthal plant”. This was followed by cooling, clarification, dewatering and drying. Only potassium fertilizer salt K 50 was produced. By- products were: MgCl 2 solid and liquid, bromine, dibromoethane and vacuum table salt.
| (%) | (‰ MgCl 2 solution) | |||||||
| Carnallite | Rock salt | Kieserite | plaster | Bischofite or MgCl 2 excess | Anhydrite | Insolubles in H 2 O | Humidity / residual water | bromine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 49.53 | 32.02 | 12.87 | 0.87 | 1.12 | 0.80 | 1.41 | 1.37 | 2.08 |
In April 1983, after the last stocks of crude salt in the factory shed had been used up and the semi-finished products had been recycled, all work in the potash factory was stopped.
Special occurrences
On May 24, 1940, during the late shift at around 9:09 p.m., almost the entire previous carnallitite mining field collapsed ( magnitude of ML = 4.3; fracture field size 0.6 km 2 ). In the process, the mining field between the 1st and 6th conveyor levels broke. The first rock attack occurred at 9:00 p.m. or 9:01 p.m. It was noticed by 7 witnesses, but not by the seismographs in Jena and Eisleben. The second blow was registered by 5 witnesses at 9:05 p.m. as a “thunder-like bang with a prolonged rattling”. In the seismograph stations in Eisleben, Jena and Collm, it was recorded as an introductory blow of low amplitude. Further seismic recordings show that the main impact was followed by 10 decaying, weaker relaxation impacts within an hour. All had a completely identical characteristic seismogram shape.
The causes of the rockfall were - by today's standards - the mining piers, which had been undersized since the start of mining. In the beginning, it was sufficient to introduce a regular offset in the event of a high degree of backfilling, as well as sufficient lateral support of the overburden due to the still small construction site width, in order to ensure stability. Later "[...] the time interval between the end of mining and the introduction of the backfill increased to over two years. At the same time, in 1939/1940, an old building site that had remained unmoved for over 10 years was reached and overrun. Immediately before May 1940, a situation was reached in which 13 neighboring mines were either unmoved over a striking length of 325 m or were subsequently relocated with a 10-year delay ”. Solutions unsaturated with magnesium chloride adhering to the backfill could also have led to saline dissolution phenomena on the pillar configuration. Above the mine field, the daily surface sank by a further 10 to 20 cm in places to a total of 64 cm (status 1978; subsidence measurements since 1907). 42 miners lost their lives in this rockfall in potash mining with the most serious consequences to date. You should also be honored at this point.
A similar but much smaller collapse of parts of the mine field occurred on January 22, 1916 in the area of the adjacent Angersdorf mine field (magnitude unknown, size of the field 0.04 km 2 ).
These two events and last but not least the rockfall of September 11, 1996 - not considered here because of the limitation of the operating history from 1905 to 1992 - lead to the conclusion that a further introduction of backfill in the still open pits of the Teutschenthal mine to avoid further negative ones Effects on the daily surface is imperative.
On the morning of November 8, 2019 at around 9 a.m. there was a deflagration at a so-called dam , in which two people were injured. Another 36 miners brought themselves to safety for a short time, some in a break room and some in a shelter nine kilometers away below the village of Angersdorf; they could be driven out until 11.40 a.m.
Current condition
.png)
The heaps north of the railway line are landmarks that can be seen from afar.
In order to avoid further field collapses within the Teutschenthal mine field, a large part of the mine workings that are still vacant are filled with various mining-owned or non-mining backfill materials - in a legally questionable manner.
On the part of GTS, waste from the flue gas cleaning of incineration plants (mainly dust), slag and ash from incineration plants, contaminated construction waste (soil, building rubble etc.), waste from treatment plants (premixed waste, cleaned floors etc.), production waste from industry in liquid, pasty and solid form as well as sludge from the cleaning of industrial wastewater.
The company explains the technical and technological details of introducing the offset here. The aim is to achieve a degree of filling of almost 100%, a residual convergence of less than 35%, an offset strength of at least 40 N / mm² and a low proportion of moisture in the filler material of around 10%.
The measures required to secure and custody the mine field in terms of mining are accompanied by the mining inspectorate ( LAGB SA ) as well as by the Saxony-Anhalt State Agency for Contaminated Sites .
Bibliography
- Wolfgang Götze: EXPOSÉ, mining part of KALIMAG GmbH . Teutschenthal 1991.
- Johannes Kluge: Mining historical documents and photos, private collection.
- Wolfgang Minkley: Mountain mechanical description of softening and brittle fracture phenomena in Carnallitit . Habilitation thesis. TU Bergakademie, Freiberg 2003.
- Julius Mossner (ed.): Handbook of the potash mines, salt pans and deep drilling companies. Finanz-Verlag, Berlin 1936.
- Günter Pinzke: Hand file relating to the documentation of the long-term loosening attempts in the carnallitite of the Teutschenthal potash mine . Council of the Schwerin District, Geology Department, 1978, unpublished.
- Günter Pinzke: A contribution to the assessment of mining damage of disused potash and rock salt mines. Dissertation. TU Bergakademie, Freiberg 1981.
- W. Reichenbach: Long-term proof of safety in the Teutschenthal pit, update of the Angersdorf pit, geological section . IfG, Leipzig 2005.
- Otto Schäffer: Festschrift 50 years of potash mining in the VEB potash plant "Germany" Teutschenthal .Teutschenthal 1957.
- Ferdinand Schweisgut: Twenty years of Krügershall Salzmünde. Festschrift. 1925.
- Werner Staufenbiel: In: (collective of authors) Grube Teutschenthal, 100 years of potash and backfill mining. Teutschenthal 2005, pp. 16-75.
- Florian Weber: Historical Securities - Explanation of Terms
- Historic securities house: Günthershall union .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Grube Teutschenthal - Homepage
- ↑ potassium
- ^ GDR Lexicon: Order No. 124 SMAD
- ↑ Georg Spackeler
- ↑ Minkley: Rock mechanical description of softening and brittle fracture phenomena in carnallitite. 2003, p. 83.
- ↑ Injured, rescued, investigations Live ticker on the deflagration in the Teutschenthal mine. In: mz-web.de. November 8, 2019, accessed November 8, 2019 .
- ^ Explosion in the Teutschenthal mine - all people saved. In: t-online.de. November 8, 2019, accessed November 8, 2019 .
- ↑ Christian Schafmeister: Ashes, sound and smoke. In: Mitteldeutsche Zeitung . October 10, 2010.
- ^ Grube Teutschenthal: Types of waste
- ↑ Teutschenthal mine: underground facilities
- ^ State of Saxony-Anhalt: State Office for Geology and Mining
- ^ State of Saxony-Anhalt: State Agency for Exempting Contaminated Sites
literature
- Ernst Loock: Disused shafts - a problem for the potash industry . (= Freiberg research books. Series A 136). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1960.
- J. Löffler: The potash and rock salt deposits of the Zechstein in the GDR. Part III: Saxony-Anhalt . (= Freiberg research books. C 97 / III). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1962.
- Christoph Ohlig: Halle and the Saale: Interweaving of the 1200-year-old city with its surrounding area through water management and mining as well as subsequent industries (= writings of the German Water History Society, German Water History Society . Volume 15 ). Books on Demand , 2011, pp. 77 ( online in Google book search).
Web links
- Volker Wennrich: The late Weichselglacial and Holocene climate and environmental history of the Mansfeld region . Dissertation. University of Leipzig. (8.4 MB; PDF)
- State of Saxony-Anhalt: Seismology
- State of Saxony-Anhalt: State agency for the clearance of contaminated sites
- Günter Pinzke: Photos of shafts in Saxony-Anhalt and Teutschenthal shaft .
- Union and drilling company (2.4 MB; PDF)
- Hans-Heinz Emons: The Potash Industry - History of a German Industry? (1.6 MB)
- Ordinance on the transfer of responsibilities in old mining
- Depiction of mining in Saxony-Anhalt ( Memento from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 465 kB)
Remarks
- ↑ Trade unions - although already known in the late Middle Ages - flourished with the industrial revolution from 1860 and especially at the end of the 19th century with coal mining in the Ruhr area until 1930. Later, the trade unions lost their importance and were replaced by joint-stock companies
- ↑ The direction that runs horizontally across the longitudinal axis of the deposit is referred to as cross-cutting . (Source: Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar eV (Ed.): Ore mining in Rammelsberg. )