Gaby Bussmann

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Gaby Bussmann athletics
nation GermanyGermany Germany
birthday 8th October 1959 (age 60)
place of birth Haltern , Germany
size 170 cm
Weight 57 kg
Career
Best performance 400 m: 49.75 s
800 m: 1: 58.11 min
society ETuS Haltern (until 1976)
OSC Thier Dortmund (1977)
ASV Köln (1978–1981)
LG Ahlen-Hamm (1982–1983)
SC Eintracht Hamm (since 1984)
Trainer Heinz-Jochen Spilker
Medal table
Olympic games 0 × gold 0 × silver 1 × bronze
European championships 0 × gold 1 × silver 0 × bronze
European Indoor Championships 0 × gold 0 × silver 1 × bronze
U19 European Championships 2 × gold 0 × silver 0 × bronze
German championships 10 × gold 3 × silver 2 × bronze
Olympic rings Olympic games
bronze Los Angeles 1984 4 × 400 m
EAA logo European championships
silver Stuttgart 1986 4 × 400 m
EAA logo European Indoor Championships
bronze Milan 1982 400 m
EAA logo Junior European Championships
gold Donetsk 1977 400 m
gold Donetsk 1977 4 × 400 m
DLV logo German championships
gold Hamburg 1977 4 × 100 m
silver Hamburg 1977 200 m
gold Cologne 1978 400 m
gold Hanover 1980 400 m
gold Munich 1982 400 m
bronze Munich 1982 200 m
gold Bremen 1983 400 m
bronze Bremen 1983 200 m
silver Düsseldorf 1984 400 m
gold Düsseldorf 1984 4 × 400 m
gold Berlin 1986 800 m
silver Berlin 1986 400 m
gold Gelsenkirchen 1987 4 × 400 m
gold Sindelfingen 1987 3 × 800 m
gold Frankfurt 1988 4 × 400 m

Gabriele "Gaby" Bußmann (born October 8, 1959 in Haltern , today Haltern am See) is a German athlete who was successful as a 400-meter and 800-meter runner in the 1970s and 1980s . Today Bußmann works as a sports psychologist in top-class sport.

Career as an athlete

Athletic career

Gaby Bußmann became German youth champion over 400 meters for the first time in 1976 for the ETuS Haltern in 53.31 s. In 1977 she switched to OSC Thier Dortmund and coach Heinz-Jochen Spilker . At the European Junior Championships in Donetsk in 1977 , she won at the age of seventeen with a German junior record time in the 400-meter individual run (52.33 s) and with the German 4 x 400-meter relay in front of the GDR (3: 32.8 min). In 1978, Bußmann and two other athletes followed their coach Heinz-Jochen Spilker to ASV Köln , where they won their first German championship title in the same year after 200 meters silver in the previous year over 400 meters in 51.74 seconds. In 1979 Bußmann was stopped by a viral infection, an inflammation of the heart muscle and a ruptured muscle fiber. In 1980 she missed the Olympic Games due to the boycott of western countries.

In August 1981, Bußmann improved Rita Wilden's seven-year-old German 400-meter record to 50.83 seconds at the European Cup in Zagreb . From 1982 she started for the LG Ahlen-Hamm (since 1984 after the dissolution of the athletics community for the parent club SC Eintracht Hamm ) and was still looked after by the Spilker who had changed with her. At the German Indoor Championships in 1982 Bußmann beat the DLV indoor record (52.09 s) previously held by Rita Wilden, which she improved to 51.57 s three weeks later as a bronze medalist at the European Indoor Championships . In the summer she was seventh at the European Championships in Athens , in the semifinals she improved her West German record to 50.64 seconds. Bußmann increased this mark again in 1983, at a sports festival in Munich she ran the 400 meters in 49.99 s for the first time under 50 seconds and at the World Championships in Helsinki two weeks later she crossed the finish line as fourth in the final run after 49.75 s.

A week after the 1983 World Championships, Bußmann competed over 800 meters for the first time, but also competed over 400 meters at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. There she won her preliminary run, but did not contest the semifinals due to calf cramps. With the 4 x 400 meter relay, however, she won bronze as the final runner behind the United States and Canada.

In 1986 Bußmann concentrated on the 800 meter distance, over which she set her best time at the ISTAF Berlin in 1: 58.11 minutes. At the European Championships she was fourth over 800 meters and, as the final runner in the 4-by-400-meter relay, after the disqualification of the Soviet Union, which was initially second with a West German record (3: 22.80 min), she finished silver behind the GDR. She missed the 1987 World Championships due to a persistent virus infection, and a virus infection was also responsible for the cancellation of the European Indoor Championships in 1988 .

doping

Bußmann was part of the so-called hammer model under her trainer and then friend Heinz-Jochen Spilker , which, financed by sponsors, was supposed to offer a particularly good combination of professional training and competitive sport. In an article published in December 1990, the news magazine Der Spiegel described long-term anabolic drug doping in Hamm (“Do you think Gaby runs with water?”). Spilker and his assistant coach Hans-Jörg Kinzel were sentenced to a fine in 1994 for marketing the anabolic steroid Anavar "contrary to § 21 of the Medicines Act without approval" (→ Heinz-Jochen Spilker # doping allegations and conviction ).

As the deputy of the athletes' spokeswoman Ingrid Thyssen , she and her in 1987 demanded an open letter to clarify the death of Birgit Dressel . In 1988 she was relieved that the expert reports commissioned could not find any fault on the part of the sports medicine specialist Armin Klümper .

Successes in detail

Top performances

  • 400 meters: 49.75 s, 10 August 1983, Helsinki
  • 800 meters: 1: 58.11 min, August 15, 1986, Berlin

Career as a sports psychologist

Bußmann studied psychology and already wrote a diploma thesis with a fellow student at the University of Munich while he was active in 1987 with the title “The life situation and attitude to life of 16 to 18-year-old athletes in athletics in the Federal Republic of Germany compared to their contemporaries” . According to a statement at the time, Bußmann had chosen the topic because, according to their own observations, many young athletes would give up competitive sports before moving from the youth classes to the women’s class. Later she did her doctorate with her doctoral thesis “Drop-out factors in youth athletics programs” in this subject area.

Today Bußmann is a freelance psychologist and psychological psychotherapist . She is a sports psychologist at the Olympic Training Center in Westphalia and works for the German Swimming Association , the German Equestrian Association , the German Olympic Committee for Equestrian and the German Rowing Association. At the 2016 Olympic Games , she looked after the participating German swimmers and riders . In 2000, shortly before the end of her career, she looked after the figure skater Tanja Szewczenko in terms of sport psychology, and she also works with the hurdler Pamela Dutkiewicz .

Web links and literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. Westphalia records and best performances as of December 31, 2018. (PDF 112 kB) In: FLVW . Retrieved March 19, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b Volker Hischen: Sporty blasts and quiet sounds - Gaby Bußmann (Ahlen / Hamm): Successes non-stop . In: Westfälische Nachrichten . September 16, 1983.
  3. ↑ The high of the German athletes continues . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . February 22, 1977, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 13 .
  4. ↑ Reinforcements for the ASV . In: Westfälische Nachrichten . 20th December 1977.
  5. ↑ Steffen Haffner: The DLV men only fourth, the women third in Zagreb: Illusions become a sack full of disappointments . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . August 17, 1981, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 16 .
  6. ^ Hall of Fame - German champions in the jersey of SC Eintracht Hamm. In: sce-hamm.de. Retrieved March 20, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Stefan Henry: The athletes no longer sell themselves secretly, but publicly . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . October 20, 1981, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 23 .
  8. ↑ Stefan Henry: There is a world record at the German athletics championships . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . February 15, 1982, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 20 .
  9. ^ Stefan Henry: Five titles for track and field athletes in the Federal Republic: Ulrike Meyfarth and Mögenburg triumph with a record . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . March 8, 1982, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 20 .
  10. ↑ Runners from the GDR dominate: The Spaniard Marin is the fastest . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . September 8, 1982, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 22 .
  11. ↑ World and European records: Kratochvilova and Skamrahl - German records: Bussmann and the men's relay . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . July 27, 1983, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 18 .
  12. ↑ Kratochvilova and the American sprint relay with a world record . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . August 11, 1983, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 16 .
  13. ^ Sports festival in Berlin in front of 55,000 spectators: German record from Wessinghage over the mile - Calvin Smith drives Carl Lewis to the brink of defeat . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . August 18, 1983, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 17 .
  14. ↑ Steffen Haffner: Professor Krahl on the failures of German athletes: Most athletes ignore alarm signals - constant stress prevents thorough recovery . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . August 9, 1984, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 18 .
  15. ↑ Steffen Haffner: Sadness and joy of the 800 meter runner - Gaby Bußmann is on the right track . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . August 18, 1986, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 16 .
  16. ↑ Steffen Haffner: Combative 400-meter relays storm into second place . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . September 1, 1986, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 22 .
  17. ↑ Gaby Bußmann cancels for Rome / Wide javelin throws from Felke and Whitbread . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . August 17, 1987, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 16 .
  18. ↑ Sports in brief . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . March 2, 1988, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 27 .
  19. ↑ Brigitte Berendonk : Doping documents: From research to fraud . Springer-Verlag, 1991, ISBN 3-540-53742-2 , pp. 260 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  20. ↑ "A lot pumped in" . In: Der Spiegel . December 3, 1990, ISSN  0038-7452 , p. 219-228 ( online ).
  21. ^ Daniel Drepper: Doping abuse in Hamm covered by the highest authority. In: waz.de. December 2, 2011, accessed March 20, 2019 .
  22. ↑ Athletes demand clarification in the Dressel case . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . April 29, 1987, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 26 .
  23. ↑ Slide into the legal drug swamp . In: Der Spiegel . September 7, 1987, ISSN  0038-7452 , p. 249-250 ( online ).
  24. ↑ One year after Birgit Dressel's death: Many reports, no consequences . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . April 9, 1988, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 24 .
  25. ↑ Heinz-Wilhelm Bertram: Psychological work of the athlete Gaby Bussmann: The threshold fear of girls in front of the women's class . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . March 21, 1987, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 23 .
  26. ↑ Hans-Joachim Leyenberg: When the demands on life grow, sport has to take a back seat . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . July 10, 2003, ISSN  0174-4909 , p. 30 ( online ).
  27. ↑ What runners can learn from penguins. In: runnersworld.de. June 30, 2010, pp. 1–2 , accessed March 20, 2019 .
  28. ↑ Profile of Dr. phil. Dr. Gaby Bussmann. In: bisp-sportpsychologie.de. Retrieved March 20, 2019 .
  29. ↑ Sports psychologists from the Olympic summer and winter sports associations in 2019. (PDF 28 kB) In: cdn.dosb.de. Retrieved March 20, 2019 .
  30. ↑ Psychologist Bußmann about the Olympics: "Here comes: I'm a fighting pig". In: ntv.de. August 19, 2016, accessed March 20, 2019 .
  31. ↑ Figure skating: Tanja Szewczenko is taking a break from competition. In: rp-online.de. October 27, 2000, accessed March 20, 2019 .
  32. ↑ Thomas Lelgemann: Pamela Dutkiewicz: With psycho tricks to the top of the world. In: waz.de. March 1, 2017, accessed March 20, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Penitent, Gaby
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bussmann, Gabriele
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German athlete, Olympic medalist and sports psychologist
DATE OF BIRTH October 8, 1959
PLACE OF BIRTH Haltern , Westphalia