Gelnica
| Gelnica | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| coat of arms | map | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Slovakia | ||
| Kraj : | Košický kraj | ||
| Okres : | Gelnica | ||
| Region : | Spiš | ||
| Area : | 57.652 km² | ||
| Residents : | 6,047 (Dec 31, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 105 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Height : | 372 m nm | ||
| Postal code : | 056 01 | ||
| Telephone code : | 053 | ||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 51 ' N , 20 ° 56' E | ||
| License plate : | GL | ||
| Kód obce : | 526509 | ||
| structure | |||
| Community type : | city | ||
| Administration (as of November 2018) | |||
| Mayor : | Dušan Tomaško | ||
| Address: | Mestský úrad Gelnica Banícke námestie 4 05601 Gelnica |
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| Website: | www.gelnica.sk | ||
| Statistics information on statistics.sk | |||
Gelnica (German Göllnitz , Hungarian Gölnicbánya - older also Göllnicbánya ) is a small town in eastern Slovakia in the Spiš region . It gives the Okres Gelnica its name and is also its administrative center.
Subdivision
The city has no official districts, but Turzov / Turzovské kúpele (German Thurzobad ) and Huta Mária (German Marienhütte ) and (Slovenské) Cechy (German collieries ) belong to the urban area.
history
The city is an old settlement area ( Stone Age , Bronze Age ). The German name is derived from the Slavic name of the river "Gnilec" ( Hnilec ), today's Slovak name arose from the German name. The Hungarian name is Gölnicbánya, which refers to mining.
The city received its city rights from 1238 to 1269. The original Slovak settlement was significantly expanded after the Mongol invasion of 1241 by German settlers from Bavaria and Thuringia and received its most important city rights in 1264 (elevation to the mountain town). The town charter from 1264 has not been preserved, only its confirmation from 1276, in which the town is mentioned for the first time as "Gelnic" and is described as an already well-developed royal town. In 1435 the city was elevated to a royal free mountain town .
Silver, copper, mercury, lead and iron ore were mined in the city. For many years the place was the capital of the seven so-called Heptapolitana mining towns (in the southern Spiš and south of it). These differed from the cities of the northern Spiš in that they were not settled by Saxons but by other Germans.
The decline at the end of the 15th century was associated with a progressive loss of privileges until 1527. In the 18th century a recovery began again (iron ore mining), which was associated with the regaining of privileges (1844).
In 1892 the first power plant in what is now Slovakia (then Upper Hungary) was put into operation here.
In 1910 the city had 3833 inhabitants. Of these, 2095 were Germans, 1098 Slovaks and 606 Hungarians.
Population development
| Ethnic structure | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | Slovaks | German | Hungary | Others | |||
| 1880 | 4,353 | 871 | 3,105 | 229 | 148 | |||
| 1890 | 3,912 | 812 | 2,871 | 212 | 17th | |||
| 1900 | 4,093 | 1,022 | 2,686 | 324 | 61 | |||
| 1910 | 3,833 | 1,098 | 2,095 | 606 | 34 | |||
| 1921 | 3,737 | 1,123 | 2,185 | 225 | 204 | |||
| 1930 | 3,975 | 1,549 | 1,867 | 91 | 468 | |||
| 1991 | 6.277 | 6,076 | 26th | 9 | 166 | |||
| 2001 | 6,404 | 6.143 | 52 | 6th | 203 | |||
Attractions
In the village there is a medieval castle ruin ( Göllnitz Castle , finally destroyed by fire in 1685), a Baroque-style , originally Gothic church, a mining museum and a Baroque-style Renaissance town hall .
sons and daughters of the town
- Gusztáv Gratz (1875–1946), Hungarian politician
- Ladislav Ščurko (* 1986), Slovak ice hockey player
- Michal Sersen (* 1985), Slovak ice hockey player
