Gerhard Joppich

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Gerhard Paul Waldemar Joppich (born November 5, 1903 in Nieder Hermsdorf , † January 7, 1992 in Göttingen ) was a German pediatrician and university professor . His specialties were in the areas of infectious diseases and immunology . In addition to his work on poliomyelitis , he was best known because he successfully campaigned for the introduction of oral vaccination in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1961 .

Life

Study and training

Gerhard Joppich was the son of the doctor Julius Joppich and his wife Selma, née Kunkel. After completing his Abitur at the humanistic grammar school in Waldenburg in 1924, Joppich studied medicine in Berlin , Würzburg , Munich , in Graz with Franz Hamburger and in Breslau . In 1929 he passed his state examination in Breslau and received his doctorate in 1930 . In August of the same year he received his appointment as a specialist in childhood diseases.

In 1930/31 Joppich initially worked as an assistant doctor in the internal department of the Paulinenkrankenhaus in Wiesbaden and in the surgery department of the Wismar municipal hospital . In 1931/32 he worked at the Hygiene Institute of the University of Cologne and from 1932 as an assistant doctor to Hans Kleinschmidt at the children's clinic in Cologne , from February 1935 as a senior physician there . In 1936 he qualified as a professor in paediatrics . From August 1938 he held a lectureship in Cologne .

Since 1934 he was married to Mile, nee Noll. Joppich had five children.

time of the nationalsocialism

Joppich, who was active in the Bundischen youth movement during the 1920s , joined the NSDAP on March 1, 1932 ( membership number 949.046). He belonged to a politically active group of paediatricians around the Cologne professor Kleinschmidt who, after the National Socialist “ seizure of power ” , placed themselves in the service of an ideology of the “youth of the Führer”. They wanted to help, so it was said in a joint declaration, "to overcome the damage suffered by the past time, so that a healthy, courageous and self-sacrificing sex, corresponding to the National Socialist idea, can grow up". The group, which, in addition to Kleinschmidt and Joppich, also included Egon Unshelm , Oskar Zschokke and Theodor Gött , received the offer to help build the Hitler Youth (HJ) and formulated “guiding principles for the German youth of compulsory school age classified in Bünde”.

From 1933 to 1942 Joppich was the HJ area doctor in the HJ area Cologne-Aachen; In 1941 he was promoted to senior physician there. From 1939 he belonged to the staff of the Reich Youth Leadership (RJF) with the rank of Bannführer, from January 1940 in the rank of Oberbannführer . From August 1939 to February 1942 Joppich did military service as a junior, assistant and finally senior physician in the Second World War , taking part in both the Western campaign and the attack on the Soviet Union and with the Iron Cross, Class II, and the War Merit Cross, Class II and First class was awarded with swords. He was made indispensable in February 1942. From 1942 he headed the youth medicine department in the Office for Health Management of the Reich Youth Leadership and was a member of the Central Office for Public Health in the NSDAP .

Joppich published numerous medical studies related to the HJ. In the program for the health management of the youth, which was developed in 1939 by the Reichsarzt of the Hitler Youth, Robert Hördemann , together with Joppich as department head in the office for health management of the RJF, the two authors described the tasks of the doctor in the HJ and BDM from the "inheritance" to on the "health effects of the Hitler Youth's summer camps". After the war, this writing was disguised as "purely medical" to relieve the authors. Eduard Seidler, on the other hand, points out the political will that was behind it.

From October 1941, Joppich was the Medical Director of the Kaiserin-Auguste-Victoria-Haus in Berlin, which was also the Imperial Institute for combating infant and child mortality . On behalf of the Reich Youth Leadership, he set up a research center for medical youth studies there. In March 1943 he took over the management of the Reich Working Group on Mother and Child . In 1944 he was appointed adjunct professor for paediatrics in Berlin.

After the Second World War

Joppich remained director of the Kaiserin-Auguste-Viktoria-Haus until 1954, which became the university children's clinic when the Free University of Berlin was founded in 1948. Joppich was thus one of the founding ordinaries of the medical faculty at the Free University of Berlin; he was appointed full professor in 1948. In 1954 he moved to Göttingen as the successor to his teacher Kleinschmidt , where he took over the management of the university children's clinic. He retired in 1972 .

Joppich belonged to numerous associations and associations. At the founding ceremony of the Berlin State Association of the Paritätischer Wohlfahrtsverband in May 1950, he was elected chairman. In 1960 he was chairman of the German Society for Pediatrics , which elected him an honorary member in 1974. From 1961 to 1966 he was President of the German Association for Combating Polio . From 1966 to 1969 he was a member of the Science Council and since 1963 of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina . Joppich chaired a commission for the Science Council, which examined the plans for the Central Institute for Mental Health at the University of Mannheim . In 1977 he was honored with the Albrecht von Haller Medal from the University of Göttingen. In 1980 he became an honorary member of the German Society for Social Pediatrics . In 1982 he received the Ott Heubner Prize of the German Society for Pediatrics. In 1987 he was awarded the Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany .

Act

Joppich was the author of various specialist publications. He also worked as a co-editor of the archive for paediatrics , the journal for pediatric surgery and the textbook for pediatrics .

With his focus on microbiology , Joppich mainly dealt with infectious diseases and immunology. In his time at Cologne, he worked to pneumonia and polio (poliomyelitis). During a polio epidemic in Cologne in 1938, he and his colleague J. W. Cammerer performed lumbar punctures on contact persons of polio patients. They found that a third of those examined had characteristic CSF findings without any symptoms of the disease. In doing so, they identified “CSF poliomyelitis”.

After 1961, the presidency of the German Society for the fight against polio had taken over from Kleinschmidt, advocated Joppich using the new oral vaccine against polio by Albert Sabin and advocated the introduction of polio vaccine one. He is considered the one who enforced oral polio vaccination in the Federal Republic of Germany. Bavaria and North Rhine-Westphalia were the first to agree to this; other federal states followed suit, so that in 1962 22 million people were vaccinated against polio. The number of illnesses fell from 4,673 in 1961 to 291 in 1963. The oral vaccination was therefore celebrated as a great success.

In the Federal Republic of Germany, Joppich was one of the doctors who tabooed Nazi medical crimes and the euthanasia crimes committed by paediatricians during the Nazi era . Under his leadership, the German Society for Pediatrics in 1960 followed a cautious line in the public scandal surrounding Werner Catel . In 1972 Joppich wrote a laudation on the 80th birthday of Ernst Wentzler . In it he did not mention his work as the second pediatric expert at the "Reich Committee for the Scientific Assessment of Hereditary and Constitutional Serious Ailments", which controlled child euthanasia. In 1983 he gave a lecture on Franz Hamburger. The historian Sascha Topp attests to the lecture " revisionist traits", since "it exclusively talks about [Hamburgers] scientific achievements, but his closeness to National Socialism and his anti-Semitic campaigns as chairman of the professional society were ignored."

Fonts

  • About retrograde content shifts in the human colon. 1931.
  • The child's croupy pneumonia. Investigations into the nature and influence of their course. Karger, Basel [et al.] 1937.
  • with Robert Hördemann (Ed.): The health management of the youth. Lehmanns, Munich 1939.
  • with Hans Kleinschmidt and Carl Coerper (eds.): The transferable polio. With special consideration of the experiences from the Cologne epidemic in 1938. Hirzel, Leipzig 1939.
  • with Kurt Hofmeier (Hrsg.): Textbook for infant and child nurses. 2nd Edition. Enke, Stuttgart 1944.
  • Children's nursing textbook for infant and child nurses. 3. Edition. Enke, Stuttgart 1951.
  • The mortality of the first days of life. Report on the conference of the German Association for Childhood Health Care. V.: September 9, 1954 Essen. , Berlin 1955.
  • The child in the child's century. Speech on the solemn enrollment on November 24, 1956. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1957.
  • The fight against polio. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1958.
  • From the diary of the Empress Auguste Victoria House. In: Berliner Medizin: Organ for all practical and theoretical medicine. 1959, pp. 13-14.
  • and Franz Josef Schulte: Neurology of the Newborn. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1963.
  • et al .: Handbook of Pediatrics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1966.
  • Metabolism of the newborn. Results e. Symposium on Neonatal Biochemistry in Deidesheim / Weinstr., October 24-26, 1968 = Metabolism of the newborn. Hippokrates-Verl, Stuttgart 1970.
  • Emil Feer and Gerhard Joppich: Pediatrics. On the pediatric textbook, founded by E. Feer, edited by G. Joppich, 22nd edition. Fischer, Stuttgart 1971, ISBN 978-3-437-00085-0 .
  • (Ed.): Bacterial infections in childhood. Ed. Roche, Grenzach-Wyhlen 1975.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Who is who? , Das Deutsche who's who , Volume 29, Schmidt-Römhild, 1990, p. 640.
  2. ^ Eduard Seidler: Jewish paediatricians 1933–1945. Disenfranchised - fled - murdered. Jewish Pediatricians - Victims of Persecution 1933–1945. S. Karger, Basel 2007, ISBN 978-3-8055-8284-1 , p. 23.
  3. ^ Eduard Seidler: Jewish paediatricians 1933–1945. Disenfranchised - fled - murdered. Jewish Pediatricians - Victims of Persecution 1933–1945. S. Karger, Basel 2007, ISBN 978-3-8055-8284-1 , pp. 52, 66.
  4. ^ Eduard Seidler: Jewish paediatricians 1933–1945. Disenfranchised - fled - murdered. Jewish Pediatricians - Victims of Persecution 1933–1945. S. Karger, Basel 2007, ISBN 978-3-8055-8284-1 , p. 52 f.
  5. ↑ Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia , Volume 5: Hitz – Kozub , Munich 2006, p. 391.
  6. ↑ Meinhard von Pfaundler : Handbook of paediatrics, a book for the general practitioner. Supplementary work. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1942, ISBN 3-642-90967-1 , p. 443.
  7. ↑ a b A. Windorfer u. P. Wutzler: The German association to combat polio. Lecture on the occasion of the festive event for the 50th anniversary of the German Association for Combating Polio . In: Polio News. Festschrift for the 20th anniversary of the Bundesverband Poliomyelitis eV , Thermalbad Wiesenbad 2011, p. 16 f.
  8. ↑ Birthday: Prof. Dr. Gerhard Joppich . In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt 85, H. 49 (December 8, 1988), A-3530. ( PDF ).
  9. ↑ Ulrike Lindner: Health Policy in the Post-War Period. Great Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany in comparison. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-486-20014-3 , p. 257.
  10. ^ Sascha Topp: History as an argument in post-war medicine. Forms of visualization of National Socialist euthanasia between politicization and historiography. V&R unipress, Göttingen 2013, ISBN 978-3-8470-0127-0 , pp. 192, 194.
  11. ^ Sascha Topp: History as an argument in post-war medicine. Forms of visualization of National Socialist euthanasia between politicization and historiography. V&R unipress, Göttingen 2013, ISBN 978-3-8470-0127-0 , p. 160.
  12. ^ Sascha Topp: History as an argument in post-war medicine. Forms of visualization of National Socialist euthanasia between politicization and historiography. V&R unipress, Göttingen 2013, ISBN 978-3-8470-0127-0 , p. 179.
personal data
SURNAME Joppich, Gerhard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Joppich, Gerhard Paul Waldemar (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pediatrician
DATE OF BIRTH 5th November 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Lower Hermsdorf
DATE OF DEATH January 7, 1992
Place of death Goettingen