Square (architecture)

Square of the University of Sydney

Front Quarter, Wadham College , Oxford

Aerial view of Mob Quad, Merton College , Oxford

University College Cork Square

In architecture , a square is an inner courtyard, usually square or rectangular, which is entirely or at least mainly surrounded on four sides by buildings. Often one finds such squares in college or university buildings , but also in other structures such as z. B. Palaces . Often the inner courtyard of such a square is without a roof; But there are also covered squares, mostly in glass, which then provide additional, weather-protected space for social purposes, e.g. B. cafes or restaurants .

The word "square" was originally synonymous with square , but this meaning is rarely used today.

Some modern squares resemble cloisters of medieval monasteries , which are also usually square or rectangular and enclosed by arcades . But the oldest examples, like the Mob Quad at Merton College , Oxford , which are simply and not decorated by arcades, leave no doubt that the colleagues in Oxford and Cambridge were merely practical accommodations for their members. More splendid squares emerged later, when the idea was already well known by colleagues and their donors or founders wanted to create more monumental buildings. The quarters in the colleagues at the University of Cambridge are called courtyards for historical reasons (e.g. the Trinity Great Court ).

In the United States, Thomas Jefferson at the University of Virginia arranged the lodging and academic buildings in a Palladian style on three sides of The Lawn , a large, open lawn. Later, some American college and university planners emulated Jefferson's ideas. B. the idea of Oxbridge , the Beaux Arts architecture and other models. The University of Chicago's Gothic campus is known for its innovative use of squares. All five of The Citadel's barracks have squares with red and white squares (the colors of the South Carolina war flag ) that are used for Cadet Corps deployments.

Fourths are also found in traditional houses in Kerala , the Nālukettus . They are called nadumittan (middle room) there.

Well-known quarters

• William J. Stratton: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
• Main Quad, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• Woodburn Circle, West Virginia University
• Francis Quadrangle, University of Missouri
• Cary Quadrangle, Purdue University , West Lafayette
• Aula Maxima, National University of Ireland, Galway
• Mob Quad, Merton College, Oxford
• Parliament Square, Trinity College Dublin
• The Quad, Harvard University
• Harvard Yard, Harvard University
• The Green, Dartmouth College
• Main Quadrangles (and a number of others), University of Chicago
• Eric Friedheim Quadrangle, American University, Washington DC
• Radcliffe Quadrangle, University College (Oxford)
• Schenley Quadrangle, University of Pittsburgh
• Bascom Hill, University of Wisconsin-Madison
• Tom Quad, Christ Church , University of Oxford
• The Quad, University of Alabama
• The Quad, University College London
• Founder's Building, Royal Holloway, University of London
• The Diag, University of Michigan
• Buckingham Palace , London , England
• St. Thomas Residential School, Thiruvananthapuram , India
• Sunken Garden, College of William & Mary
• The Quad, Emory University
• The Lawn, University of Virginia
• McKeldin Mall, University of Maryland
• Old College, University of Edinburgh
• Dahlgren Quadrangle, Georgetown University
• South Quad, University of Notre Dame
• Academic Quadrangle, Simon Fraser University
• Old Campus, Yale University
• Branford College Courtyard, Yale University
• Killian Court, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Main Quad, Stanford University
• Liberal Arts Quadrangle, University of Washington
• Quadrangle, University of New South Wales

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Namboothiri Illams . Namboothiri Websites Trust. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

swell

• Alan Bott: Merton College: A short history of the buildings . Merton College, Oxford 1993. ISBN 0-9522314-0-9 .
• GH Martin, JRL Highfield: A history of Merton College, Oxford . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1997. ISBN 0-19-920183-8 .
• Jennifer Saunders, Nikolaus Pevsner: The Buildings of England . Chapter: Oxford . Penguin Books, Harmondsworth 1974. ISBN 0-14-071045-0 .