Gnadenberg (mountain near Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate)

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Gnadenberg
Coordinates: 49 ° 22 ′ 10 ″  N , 11 ° 24 ′ 39 ″  E
Height : 423 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 199  (December 31, 2015)
Postal code : 92348
Area code : 09187
Gnadenberg, at the former monastery
Gnadenberg, at the former monastery

Gnadenberg is part of the Bavarian municipality of Berg bei Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate in the Upper Palatinate district of Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate .

geography

The parish village is located in the Upper Palatinate Jura at around 423 m above sea ​​level (former school) on the southern slope of the Klosterberg with the Gnadenberger Forest. The town hall is about 5 km away. The Schwarzach flows past in the south of the village .

history

1386 is the first mention of an Eichelberg farm, on the area of ​​which half a century later the Birgittenkloster Gnadenberg was built; In that year, the Eichelberg and the court, according to a document from 1434 Reichsgut , came from the knight Martin Förtsch at Haimburg Castle to F. Teininger and from him to Göswein / Gößwein von Tann / Thann zu Hirschberg. In the 15th century, Count Palatine Johann von Neumarkt acquired the farm "Eichlberg im Eystetter (= Eichstätter ) Bistumb", located on the mountain "under Heinburg (= Haimburg)" for 500 guilders , to be here at the instigation of his wife, the Swedish king's daughter Katharina of Pomerania -Stolp , in 1426 after obtaining papal permission from 1420 to found a Birgitten monastery , which was built in 1433 and was named "Gnadenberg" according to the will of the Count Palatine and consecrated in 1438 by Albrecht II of Hohenrechberg , Bishop of Eichstätt. The monastery, located on the border to the neighboring territorial power, the imperial city of Nuremberg , was of particular importance for the Count Palatine, as it enabled him to establish his sovereign power over the imperial city, especially since the Nuremberg patrician families exercised the manorial rule on many estates in his Haimburg office. And in the monastery itself mostly nuns and abbesses from these families worked and brought rich estates. In the following period, the history of the place up to the secularization in 1803 was closely linked with the history of the monastery and the secular monastery judge's office established in 1563 after the abolition of the monastery in 1563, which in the Haimburg office fell into an almost meaningless manorial rule. In addition, on April 23, 1635 the monastery building together with the monastery church from 1512/18 and the school sank to rubble and ashes, set on fire by the Swedes. As a replacement, the refectory of the former monastery was converted into a church in 1655 .

See also main article Gnadenberg Monastery

In 1439, Count Palatine Johann bought the parish church in Hagenhausen with the church set and donated it to the monastery. The monastery itself was in the parish of Sindlbach . The pastor there exercised his rights via Gnadenberg until the Reformation . In Gnadenberg itself there had been a chaplaincy since 1454 ; Construction of the monastery church had begun in 1451 and was not consecrated until 1483. In the early 16th century, following violent action, the imperial city of Nuremberg held the bailiwick for a short time (1504 to December 1521) over the monastery, which was otherwise only slightly damaged by the Landshut War of Succession inside; it fell back to the Palatinate County. In 1671, the income administered by the monastery judge's office from the property of the former Gnadenberg Monastery, which was not rebuilt after the Reformation, was assigned by Elector Ferdinand Maria to the Salesian Sisters of St. Anna in Munich, according to a directory from 1650 in the village of Gnadenberg the ruins of the monastery with the curtain wall, including the Tavern with a brewery, a farm, a bakery, a forge, a bath house and a small Gütl as well as the monastery mill outside the monastery wall .

When, in the Thirty Years' War in 1639, the ducal government of Amberg requested reports from its subordinate offices about the availability of troops in the individual places for winter quarters, the monastery judge's office for Gnadenberg listed only four farms; the other ten or so farms were probably deserted or no longer had the necessary economic strength. 1702 the branches were upper and lower oil stream separated from the parish Sindlbach and combined with the parish Gnadenberg; In 1726 the ruinous vicarage of Gnadenberg was rebuilt; a year later a new cemetery was created. In Gnadenberg there was an aristocratic Landsassengütl; This so-called Mönchshaus-Rittergütl, which consisted only of a small building and two gardens, was acquired by the Löfen, which had been enfeoffed with the Heimhof court mark by Count Palatine Friedrich during the Reformation . It was bought by Sebastian von Anethan in 1726 and von Vallende in 1738. In 1740 this Gütl also passed to the Munich Salesians.

Towards the end of the Old Kingdom , around 1800, Gnadenberg consisted of 14 courtyards, which were subordinate to the Haimburg maintenance department and to the Gnadenburg monastery judge as a lower court. There were four half yards, three eighths and seven sixteenth yards. There was also the parish shepherd's house, the official apartment of the monastery judge, the apartment of the bailiff, the former toll house, the former forester's house and the brewery in the village.

In the new Kingdom of Bavaria (1806) the Oberölsbach tax district was formed, and the Oberölsbach rural community was formed when the community was formed around 1810/20 , which in addition to Oberölsbach also included Reichenholz , Unterölsbach, Gnadenberg, the Irleshof and the Klostermühle. This community was initially subordinate to the Pfaffenhofen Regional Court , then when it was dissolved to the Kastl Regional Court in the Velburg district office . In the course of the regional reform in Bavaria , the municipality of Oberölsbach was dissolved; all parts of the community were incorporated into Berg on May 1, 1978.

Population development

  • 1836: 176 (25 houses / courtyards)
  • 1900: 132 (24 residential buildings)
  • 1937: 138
  • 1961: 208 (39 residential buildings)
  • 1987: 219 (64 residential buildings, 88 apartments)
  • 2015: 199

Attractions

  • Monastery ruin
  • Gate entrance of the fortification
  • Parish church of St. Brigitta, former monastery refectory, with roof turret

Transport links

Gnadenberg is 2 km northwest of exit 91 of the A3 federal motorway. State road 2240, which leads to Altdorf near Nuremberg, runs through the village, from which a local road branches off to the west of the village to Hagenhausen and on to Altdorf near Nuremberg.

literature

  • Bernhard Heinloth: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Old Bavaria, issue 16: Neumarkt. Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1967.
  • Franz Xaver Buchner : The diocese of Eichstätt. Volume I, Eichstätt: Brönner & Däntler, 1937.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinloth, p. 151 ff .; Buchner I, p. 372
  2. ↑ Buchner I, p. 372
  3. ↑ Heinloth, p. 154
  4. ↑ Buchner I, p. 372
  5. ↑ Heinloth, p. 155 f .; Armin Gugau: Investigations into the Landshut War of Succession of 1504/1505. The damage and its repair, Munich 2015, p. 151
  6. ↑ Heinloth, p. 156 f .; Buchner I, p. 373
  7. ^ Negotiations of the historical association of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg , 84 (1934), p. 132
  8. ↑ Buchner, p. 372 f.
  9. ↑ Heinloth, p. 185
  10. ↑ Heinloth, p. 295
  11. ↑ Heinloth, p. 327
  12. ↑ Th. D. Popp (ed.): Matrikel des Bissthumes Eichstätt , Eichstätt: Ph. Brönner, 1836, p. 68
  13. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau in Munich (edit.): List of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria ... [based on the results of the census of Dec. 1, 1900] , Munich 1904, column 873
  14. ↑ Buchner I, p. 377
  15. ^ Official register of places for Bavaria. Territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census , Munich 1964, column 551
  16. ^ Official register of places for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 , Munich 1991, p. 257
  17. ↑ As of December 31, 2015; Bulletin of the Berg municipality from February 2016, p. 8

Web links

Commons : Gnadenberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files