Grigory Yulievich Zhukovsky

Grigori Juljewitsch Zhukovsky ( Russian Григорий Юльевич Жуковский * July 14 ^{. Jul} / 26. July  1878 ^greg. In St. Petersburg ; † 12. November 1939 in Moscow ) was a Russian physical chemist and university lecturer .

Life

Schukowski's father Juli Galaktionowitsch Schukowski was an economist and translated works by Karl Marx . Zhukovsky's mother Yekaterina Ivanovna née Ilyina (first marriage Zenina) was a translator and lived in Vasily Alexejewitsch Slepzows commune . After attending grammar school in 1897, Zhukovsky began studying at the University of St. Petersburg . He worked in the laboratory at the Chair of Inorganic Chemistry under the direction of Dmitri Petrovich Konovalov and gained experience in the fields of physical chemistry , thermochemistry and calorimetry . In 1902 he completed his studies with a 1st class diploma.

After graduation, Zhukovsky entered the laboratory at the Department of General Chemistry Nikolai Semjonowitsch Kurnakov of the St. Petersburg Technological Institute. Under Kurnakov's direction he dealt with physical-chemical analyzes. He then examined independently mercury - alkali metal - alloys and pointed previously unknown phases after. He received the Mendeleev Prize from the Russian Chemical Society for investigating the mercury- lithium system . In 1904 he was sent abroad for further studies by the Scientific Council of the Technological Institute. At the University of Heidelberg he studied the absorption of light in gases , liquids and solids with Georg Hermann Quincke and the interference in optics with Georg Bredig . At the University of Göttingen , he studied at Gustav Tammann the polymorphism in crystal lattices and processes of crystallization and glass formation . In 1906 Zhukovsky represented the St. Petersburg Technological Institute at the International Conference for Applied Chemistry in Rome and then returned to St. Petersburg.

In 1912 Schukowski became head of the chair for silicate materials at the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute and organized a laboratory for glass and ceramics . When the Warsaw front approached after the outbreak of World War I , the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute was hastily evacuated first to Moscow and then to Nizhny Novgorod and Rostov-on-Don , while part of it came to the Don Polytechnic Institute in Novocherkassk . Zhukovsky returned to the Petrograd Technological Institute and, on Kurnakov's recommendation, became an advisor in the Artillery Headquarters of the War Ministry.

1914-1915, the Chief of Artillery Headquarters advised Alexei Alexeyevich Manikowski with Nikolai Nikolaevich Kachalov , Dmitry Sergeyevich Rozhdestvensky and Ilya Vasilyevich Grebenshchikov from the University of Petrograd and WA Dobrodumow, Kurnakow and Zhukovsky from Petrograd Technological Institute of the manufacture of optical glass , for the So far there have been no production facilities in Russia . In April 1916 it was decided to set up an optical glass factory in Isjum . The building commission included Manikowski, Dobrodumow (chair), Kurnakow (scientific management) and Schukowski as well as Katschalow, Grebenschtschikow and Wladimir Jefimowitsch Grum-Grschimailo from the Imperial Porcelain Manufactory . According to the experiences of Otto Schott and Carl Zeiß in Jena , both glass production and the production of optical devices should be concentrated in Isjum. In August 1916, Dobrodumov, Zhukovsky, and officers and military engineers from the Artillery Headquarters came to Isjum to build the factory. There were delays due to delivery problems. After the October Revolution , the end of the war industry was announced in March 1918. When Isjum was occupied by German troops from April to November 1918 , construction work on the glass factory was stopped.

1921–1924 Schukowski was a professor at the Polytechnic Institute in Kharkov at the chair for silicate materials and carried out research and development work for optical glasses. In May 1923, Zhukovsky melted the first optical glass in the Isjum glass factory. A diverse industry for optical glass developed in close cooperation with the Institute for Optics (GOI) . 1924–1929 Zhukovsky was chief technician at the Isjum glassworks.

Zhukovsky received his doctorate in technical sciences in 1929 . From 1929 he worked at the Moscow Chemical-Technological Institute . He led the project for an experimental glass factory of the State Experimental Institute for Glass in Moscow. In 1936 the GOI opened a laboratory for the melting of optical glasses at the Isjum glassworks, which was led by Schukowski. The staff included Lidija Ivanovna Djomkina , Gleb Nikolajewitsch Rautian and Igor Michailowitsch Buschinsky .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Большая биографическая энциклопедия: Жуковский, Григорий Юльевич (accessed April 29, 2019).
2. ↑ Старцев Ю. К .: Исследования стекла в России . СПбГТИ (ТУ), St. Petersburg 2009.
3. ↑ Чуковский К. И .: Люди и книги шестидесятых годов, история Слепцовской коммуны . Leningrad 1949.
4. ↑ Доклад главного артиллерийского управления военному министру о необходимости постройки специального казенного завода Exemples приготовления оптического стекла, 19.02.1916 . In: Военная промышленность России в начале XX века. Том 1 . Moscow 2004, p. 624 .
5. ↑ Михайлов В. С .: Очерки по истории военной промышленности . ВСНХ СССР, Moscow 1928.
6. ↑ Жуковский Г. Ю .: Доклад на заседании бюро съездов стеклозаводчиков 5 сентября 1915 г. In: Стеклозаводчик . No. 23 , 1915.
7. ↑ Симонов Н. С .: Военно-промышленный комплекс СССР в 1920–1950-е годы: темпы экономического роста, комплекс СССР в 1920–1950-е годы: темпы экономического роста, сономического роста, сомплекс комплекс СССР зоргана . РОССПЭН, Moscow 1996.
8. ↑ Краткий обзор работы Главного управления военной промышленности в 1924/25 операционном году . Moscow 1925.
9. ↑ Жуковский Г. Ю .: Начало производства оптического стекла в СССР . In: Оптико-механическая промышленность . No. 5 , 1957.