Hermann Stannius

Contemporary portrait of Hermann Stannius as a professor at the University of Rostock (portrait collection of the University of Rostock)

Hermann Friedrich Stannius (born March 15, 1808 in Hamburg , † January 15, 1883 in the Sachsenberg Clinic near Schwerin ) was a German physician , zoologist , anatomist and physiologist .

Life

Hermann Stannius was the son of the merchant Johann Wilhelm Julius Stannius (1777-1813), who was born in Neugattersleben near Magdeburg and who came to Hamburg in 1798, and his wife Johanna Flügge (1782-1862), who was born in Hamburg. The father Johann Wilhelm died early on November 13, 1813. His wife Johanna died on August 18, 1862. Hermann Friedrich had two brothers and two sisters. Stannius visited the Gelehrtenschule the Johanneum in Hamburg and on May 1, 1825, the University matrikel the Academic Gymnasium registered as a medical student in Hamburg. From 1828 he studied in Heidelberg , Berlin and Breslau . On 26 November 1831, he was from the University of Breslau (Universitas Leopoldina) with the work De speciebus nonnulis generis Mycetophilia vel vel minus novis Cognitis doctorate .

Already in Breslau he published the articles on entomology together with the local teacher Theodor Emil Schummel (1786–1848) in 1832 . He then returned to Berlin and practiced as an assistant doctor at the Friedrichstadt Hospital from 1833 to 1837 . He also worked in a practice in the city, ran a. a. continued research on insects ( entomology ) and anatomical pathology and wrote the textbook on general pathology , the 1st part of which appeared in 1837 and which he received for his habilitation . He also published the history of cholera in Berlin in 1836 until it first appeared in France and translated from the English Sir James Clarks (1788-1870) book on pulmonary consumption or pulmonary tuberculosis A Treatise on Tubercular Phthisis from 1834.

After Samuel Gottlieb von Vogel's death in 1837, his vacant chair at the University of Rostock was occupied by Hermann Stannius. He taught comparative anatomy, physiology and general pathology in the small faculty. In June of the year 1838 a zootomical physiological institute was founded in accordance with his interests , which was initially housed in his apartment and later in a new building behind the main university building. In the meantime he was rector of the University of Rostock and carried out a very active scientific activity until 1854. He also became a member of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg-Schwerin Medical College in Rostock and from 1860 was promoted to chief medical officer . In 1854 a neurological illness became symptomatic, which was also connected with mental disorders and in 1862 forced him to give up his activity in Rostock. He spent the rest of his life in the psychiatric clinic in Endenich near Bonn and later in the Sachsenberg clinic near Schwerin .

Scientific work

Stannius is the author of the second volume of the textbook of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates from 1846. Among other things, he worked on the nervous system of sturgeons and dolphins (1846 and 1849) and researched the pharmacological effects of strychnine (1837) and digitalis (1851). With his long-time friend, the Göttingen anatomist, zoologist and physiologist Rudolf Wagner (1805–1864), he worked on a dictionary of physiology. From the manual of the zootomy founded by Carl von Siebold (1804-1885) and Hermann Stannius, the part edited by Stannius, Manual of the Vertebrates in the 2nd edition in 1854 and the corresponding second book, Zootomy of the Amphibians, appeared .

The comparative anatomy - he called it zootomy - was his central research area, so he received a walrus skull (Odobenus rosmarus) from the zoologist Henrik Nikolai Krøyer (1799-1870 ), the description of which he published in 1842. Some of these and other study objects are still in the zoological collection of the University of Rostock. Excursions and trips took him in 1838 to the island of Helgoland (at that time still part of the United Kingdom ), to Hamburg , Copenhagen , in 1851 to the rest of Denmark and in 1857 to Holland .

The Stannius ligature and his work on the conduction system of vertebrate hearts, especially those of amphibians, is also known. With the Stannius ligature , a loop is placed on the level between atrium and ventricle and tightened firmly. The activity from the sinus node to the subsequent stimulus conduction sections is more or less effectively interrupted.

The Stannius' corpuscles , part of the internal secretory organs in fish, are named after him. It is an endocrine organ of the fish that lies ventro-caudally to the kidney parenchyma or is embedded in it and plays a role in osmoregulation and calcium and phosphate regulation. It is also the place where stanniocalcin (STC) is synthesized in fish .

Honors

The species Valdivianemertes stannii (Grube, 1840) was also named after him. In 1850 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . In 1860 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . The plant genus Stannia H.Karst is also named after him . from the family of the redness plants named (Rubiaceae).

Fonts (selection)

• De speciebus nonnullis generis Mycethophila vel novis vel minus cognitis. Bratislava, 1831. (dissertation)
• The European species of the two-winged genus Dolichopus. Isis Oken 1831: 28-68, 122-144, 248-271, 1831.
• with TE Schummel: Contributions to entomology, especially in relation to Silesia . Wroclaw, 1832.
• About the influence of the nerves on the blood circulation . Froriep's Notes from the Fields of Natural Science and Medicine, 1833, 36: 246-248.
• About some deformities in insects . Müller's Archive for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine, Berlin, 1835: 295-310.
• General pathology . Berlin, I, 1837.
• On the effect of strychnine on the nervous system . Archives for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine, Berlin, 1837: 223-236.
• About the adrenal glands in cartilaginous fish. Archive for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine, Berlin, 1839: 97-101.
• About pathological occlusion of larger vein trunks. Berlin, 1839.
• About the lymph hearts of birds. Archives for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine, Berlin, 1843: 449-452.
• About the construction of the dolphin brain . Rostock, 1845.
• About the construction of the dolphin brain , in: Natural Science Association in Hamburg (ed.): Treatises from the field of natural sciences . Hamburg 1846, I: 1-16.
• Remarks on the relation of the Ganoids to the Clupeids . Rostock, 1846.
• Contributions to the knowledge of the American manatees . Rostock, 1846.
• with Carl Theodor von Siebold: Studies on muscle irritability. , in: Johannes Müller (ed.): Archives for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine , Veit et Comp., Berlin 1847: 443-462. So 1849: 588-592.
• Experiment on the function of the tongue nerves , in: Johannes Müller (ed.): Archive for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine , Veit et Comp., Berlin 1848, p. 132 ff.
• Zootomic remarks , in: Johannes Müller (ed.): Archive for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine , Veit et Comp., Berlin 1848, p. 397 ff.
• About the pancreas of the fishes , in: Johannes Müller (ed.): Archive for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine , Veit et Comp., Berlin 1848, p. 405 ff.
• Contributions to the history of the enchondroma , in: Johannes Müller (ed.): Archive for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine , Veit et Comp., Berlin 1848, p. 408 ff.
• The peripheral nervous system of fish, anatomically and physiologically examined . Rostock, 1849. doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.9079
• Via a gland corresponding to the thymus in bony fish . Archive for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine, Berlin, 1850.
• On division of the primitive tubes in the trunks, branches, and branches of the nerves . Archive for Physiological Medicine, Stuttgart, 1850; IX.
• Experiments on kidney excretion . Archive for Physiological Medicine, Stuttgart, 1850; IX.
• About the effect of digitalis and digitalin . Archives for Physiological Medicine, Stuttgart, 1851, 10: 177-209.
• Two series of physiological experiments . Archive for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine, Berlin, 1852: 85-100.
• Studies on muscle efficiency and rigidity . Archive for Physiological Medicine, Stuttgart, 1852; XI.
• Observations on Rejuvenation Processes in the Animal Organism . Rostock, 1853.
• Manual of the anatomy of the vertebrates Volume 1. Veit, 1854 doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.11795
• with Carl Theodor von Siebold: Handbuch der Zootomie Volume 2 Veit, 1854 doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.10711

literature

• Karl Ernst Hermann Krause:  Stannius, Hermann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, pp. 446-448.
• Wilhelm Stieda: Hermann Stannius and the University of Rostock 1837–1854 . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology , Volume 93 (1929), pp. 1–36. ( Digitized version )
• Ragnar Kinzelbach: Hermann Friedrich Stannius. Stannius body and stanniocalcin . In: Biology in Our Time. 40, 2010, pp. 58-58, doi : 10.1002 / biuz.201090012 .
• HE Hering: About Stannius' experiment and its modifications to the heart of the suckling animals and man . In: Pflueger's archive for the total physiology of humans and animals. 145, 1912, pp. 229-248, doi : 10.1007 / BF01680438 .

Web links

Wikisource: Archives for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine  - Sources and full texts

Wikisource: Archive for Physiological Medicine  - Sources and full texts

• Literature about Hermann Stannius in the state bibliography MV
• Entry on Hermann Stannius in the Catalogus Professorum Rostochiensium

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Sachsenberg clinic site was a so-called "community-free area" until it was incorporated into Schwerin (1939). H. it had no school and did not form a community.
2. ^ Wilhelm Stieda: Hermann Stannius and the University of Rostock 1837–1855 . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology . Volume 93, 1929, p. 4.
3. ↑ History of the Zoological Collection, on the website of the Rostock Zoological Institute ( Memento of the original from March 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
4. ^ Ragnar Kinzelbach: Hermann Friedrich Stannius: Stannius'sche Koerperchen and Stanniocalcin. In: Biology in Our Time. 40, 2010, pp. 58-58, doi : 10.1002 / biuz.201090012 .
5. ^ GJ Roch, NM Sherwood: Stanniocalcin Has Deep Evolutionary Roots in Eukaryotes. In: Genome Biology and Evolution. 3, 2011, pp. 284-294, doi : 10.1093 / gbe / evr020 .
6. ^ Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names. S ( Memento of the original from January 29, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
7. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 231.
8. ^ List of members Leopoldina, Friedrich Hermann Stannius
9. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .