Hyundai KIA Lambda
| Hyundai Motor Group | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Lambda | |
| Production period: | since 2006 |
| Manufacturer: | Hyundai Motor Group |
| Working principle: | Otto |
| Motor design: | 60 ° V6 |
| Valve control: | QOHC , timing chain |
| Displacement: | 2999-3778 cm 3 |
| Mixture preparation: | Direct injection |
| Engine charging: | VIS , turbocharger (2016 Lambda II T-GDi) |
| Power: | 173-255 kW |
| Max. Torque: | 281-395 Nm |
| Previous model: | none |
| Successor: | none |
The Lambda series is a six-cylinder gasoline engine with a four-fold overhead camshaft ( QOHC ) and 4 valves per cylinder. The engines are in Asan ( South Korea ) and Montgomery ( Alabama built).
general characteristics
The engine block and cylinder head are made of aluminum . The 3.3 liter edition opens the series with a bore of 92 mm and a stroke of 83.8 mm and a dry weight of 184 kg. The middle variant with 3.5 liter displacement was only supplemented with the Lambda II series and extended the stroke to 87 mm. The largest variant also expands the bore to 96 mm and increases the weight by only two and a half to 186.6 kg. The Lambda II series reduced the weight by several kilograms, but no precise information was given. The idle speed of the Lambda engines ranges from 620 (3.3 liters), 650 (3.8 liter Lambda II) to 720 (3.8 liter Lambda) revolutions per minute.
All engines in the Lambda range are controlled by an electronic accelerator pedal .
The power transmission from the crankshaft to the cylinder head takes place by means of a maintenance-free timing chain , the auxiliary units are driven by a serpentine belt. An inspection is planned for this every 50,000 km or 24 months, an exchange only if necessary.
The valves are actuated by mechanical bucket tappets without platelets on top (hence “ shimless mechanical bucket tappets”). Compared to hydraulic bucket tappets, they reduce the resistance for the cam . Like these, they are maintenance-free, but cheaper and less dependent on good oil viscosity . Over the years, the surface of the tappet and cam is worn away, reducing the stroke of the valve into the cylinder chamber. This means that less air can flow in, whereupon the engine automatically reduces the amount of fuel and thus its performance. This is accompanied by an audible ticking noise, as the cam no longer rests constantly on the bucket tappet, but only reaches it once per revolution - the impact generates the ticking noise. This can disappear due to the expansion in the warm engine, but the valve clearance has become too large. Checking it is included in the maintenance plan every 95,000 km, but maintenance only if necessary. With this, the removed material would be compensated for by a new, somewhat longer bucket tappet. The exchange can possibly be combined with that of the spark plugs (160,000 km).
Lambda
The Lambda series was developed in Hwaseong until 2004 and completed the replacement of the Sigma series, the upper range of which was used in the KIA Opirus until 2006. The sizes below 3 liters were replaced with the Delta series in 1998 . The Sigma range was based on a Mitsubishi gray-iron design that went back to the 1980s and was further developed by Hyundai and Mitsubishi in parallel.
The engines have a CVVT named camshaft adjustment for the intake side. This only affects the overlap of the valve opening on the inlet and outlet side (the opening time on the inlet side can be varied), but not on the valve lift and thus the opening duration. It is therefore comparable to the BMW single VANOS technology . In addition to better torque in the lower speed range, it primarily reduces nitrogen oxide levels by using the exhaust gas recirculating effect of a large overlap - exhaust gas that has already been emitted is sucked back into the combustion chamber.
Lambda engines have a variable intake system (Variable Intake System). This takes into account the pulsation of the air in the intake manifold, which occurs when the valves are opened and closed. If these negative and positive pressure impulses find their way into the engine compartment that is adapted to their rhythm, a slight resonance charging effect is created, similar to a turbocharger . To achieve this, a suitable, short air path opens at low and high speeds. At medium speeds, the longer air duct is used by means of a flap, which results in consistently high torque.
The pistons were given a MoS 2 coating to reduce friction.
The V-orientation of the two three-cylinder banks has the advantage of being shorter in length than in- line six-cylinders , such as those used by BMW . In addition, the crankshaft now only has to be half as long as each crank pin drives two pistons. The disadvantage of being divided into two banks is that there are duplicate components at the other end of the piston - in the cylinder head, around four instead of two camshafts have to operate the valves, which increases maintenance costs slightly. Another component is required for smooth running, since the three-cylinder banks emit more vibrations at high speeds. This is helped by a balancer shaft that rotates against the crankshaft at the same speed. A small second-order free mass moment remains, as in in-line four-cylinder engines.
Lambda II
In 2008 the series was revised and thus became the Lambda II series, and in 2010 it was completed with a 3.5 L version. Due to its weight reduction, it weighs less than the 3.3 L version of the first Lambda series. This was made possible by the use of plastic for the variable intake tract , the cylinder head cover and the oil filter housing, as well as that of the cooling water temperature regulator. The revised crankshaft also saves weight thanks to the use of five instead of the previous eight counterweights.
To reduce friction, the MoS 2 coating of the pistons was supplemented by a diamond-like carbon layer on the contact surfaces of the bucket tappets .
The CVVT control of the intake camshaft has been expanded to include one for the output side and is thus similar to BMW double VANOS technology. The system now named D (ual) -CVVT contributes to the improved performance.
The variable intake system (Variable Intake System) has been expanded by one level to three. It thus takes better account of the pulsation of the air in the intake manifold, which occurs when the valves are opened and closed. If these negative and positive pressure impulses find their way into the engine compartment that is adapted to their rhythm, a slight resonance charging effect is created, similar to a turbocharger . In order to achieve this, suitably long airways are distributed across the speed range, which results in a consistently high torque.
To reduce emissions, the cooling of the exhaust side in the cylinder block has been improved so that leaner mixtures are made possible. Due to their excess of oxygen, these cause higher temperatures, which would pollute the following components in the exhaust system. The larger water channels avoid this.
Lambda II RS
Although all three displacement sizes of the Lambda series share the same external dimensions, the largest displacement variant is nevertheless too high for use in sporty vehicles such as the Hyundai Genesis Coupe . Therefore, the 3.8 L version was adapted for this - rear- wheel drive - vehicle, from which the name " R ear wheel drive S ports" of the engine results. Both engines of the coupe were developed exclusively for this model ( see ).
The decisive five centimeters in height were gained by redesigning the intake and exhaust tracts. The diameter of the intake side has also been enlarged and the shape of the exhaust manifold has been changed so that it creates less back pressure, so that both sides now contribute to improved air circulation. A “sharper camshaft”, in other words a CVVT camshaft profile, in which the valves open earlier and close later, thus permeating more gasoline mixture, also increases performance. Due to the later closing, however, the compression remains at 10.4 and does not rise to the level of the other Lambda II engines. With the CVVT on the inlet and outlet side, however, the other disadvantages can be largely compensated for by using a normal profile when idling and the speed does not have to be increased (see camshaft , last paragraph). Since the resulting additional power is primarily available at high speeds, the pistons are no longer fixed, but flexible (full-floating), which reduces their friction on the cylinder. At the same time, a fine oil mist is sprayed into the bottom of the cylinder, which also has a cooling effect, like the longer spark plugs, which create a larger space for water cooling on the cylinder due to their longer, narrow shaft. The injection nozzles now deliver up to seven percent more fuel to accommodate the better air supply. The cylinder wall was also reinforced by two to 24 mm, the crankshaft bearings by two to 25 mm. The motor control has been reprogrammed and has more connection pins. The engine and vehicle have been available in Europe since November 2010 and in the USA since spring 2009.
A variant of this engine, enlarged to 4.1 L with a longer stroke and charged by means of the HKS-T04Z turbocharger , was used in the Hyundai Genesis PM 580 for the Pikes Peak race in 2010. With 775 HP and 1020 Nm, Rhys Millen announced the recapture of the record of 10 minutes and 4 seconds set by his father in 1994 in a modified Toyota Celica . This was undercut in 2007 by Nobuhiro Tajima with a Suzuki XL7 by three seconds. In 2009, however, the driver managed to win the two-wheel drive time trial in a modified Hyundai Genesis Coupe . The body of the PM 580 is not based on the Genesis Coupe, but on the Palmer Jaguar JP1, a successful Le Mans racing car with a Jaguar V6 engine. Thanks to the use of carbon fiber reinforced plastic , the vehicle weighs around 862 kg.
Lambda II GDI
In April 2010, a direct-injection variant of the 3.3 L-Lambda II was presented at the Beijing Auto Show . At the end of 2010, a 3.0-liter engine with the same technology followed, which at the same time rounded off the displacement range downwards. It serves to replace the Mu-V6 with 2.7 liter displacement, which is still based on the first Hyundai V6 series from 1998. The two Lambda GDI made their debut in the fifth generation Hyundai Grandeur . However, information on these engines was only published sparingly, so that the necessary data for a corresponding line in the table below is missing.
With conventional injection for gasoline engines, the injection valve is located in the intake manifold in front of the inlet valve. With increasing engine speeds, however, the opening time of the valve becomes shorter and shorter, and thus the time window for introducing the fuel. With direct injection , injection is therefore carried out directly into the cylinder. Hyundai used as most GDI competitors for homogeneous stoichiometric mixture formation and dispensed with an inhomogeneous stratified charge (stratified fuel charge). The latter is associated with system-related disadvantages, such as significantly increased fine dust values.
It starts with a pilot injection and ignition to set the piston in motion. During its downward movement, the actual fuel injection and ignition takes place. With this more precise, cooling fuel supply, which takes place directly in the cylinder, the compression rate in the cylinder could be increased from 10.6 to 11.5. This leads to a fuel saving of around five percent ( cf. ) and also causes a higher exhaust gas temperature. The catalytic converter, which heats up more quickly, benefits from this, and its cold start phase has been halved to 40 seconds.
The higher injection pressure of 150 bar (without GDI approx. 5 bar) also results in more homogeneous fuel atomization and thus cleaner combustion. It is accompanied by a system-typical ticking noise.
The friction-reducing measures of the Lambda II series are now supported by a chromium nitride coating on the piston rings. The pistons themselves retain their MoS 2 coating, as do the bucket tappets their diamond-like carbon coating . As in the Lambda II RS, the piston is no longer fixed, but flexibly (full-floating), which also reduces friction and increases pressure resistance by 30%. A fine oil mist is also sprayed directly on the cylinder base, the cooling effect of which is gentle on the material and reduces the knocking tendency of the mixture that is more compressed in the GDI.
Data
| series | Engine code | Displacement (cm³) | Stroke × bore (mm) | Power (PS) at (1 / min) | Torque at (1 / min) | cylinder | compression | Charging | injection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lambda | G6DB (-AT) 1 | 3342 | 83.8 x 92.0 | 235/242/247 3 at 6000 | 304/307 3 for 3500/4500 | 6th | 10.4 |
VIS (2 way) |
MFI |
| Lambda | G6DA (-AT) 1 | 3778 | 87.0 x 96.0 | 250/260/266 3 at 6000 | 344/350 3 at 3500/4500 | 6th | 10.4 | VIS (2 way) |
MFI |
| Lambda II | L6DB 2 | 2999 | 75.2 x 92.0 | 235 at 6000 | 281 at 4500 | 6th | -? - | VIS (3 way) |
MFI |
| Lambda II | G6DB (-AC) 1 | 3342 | 83.8 x 92.0 | 250/260/262 4 for 6000/6200/6200 | 310/317 4 at 4500 | 6th | 10.6 | VIS (3 way) |
MFI |
| Lambda II | G6DC (-AC) 1 | 3470 | 87.0 x 92.0 | 277/290 5 for 6300/6600 | 335/338 5 at 5000 | 6th | 10.6 | VIS (3 way) |
MFI |
| Lambda II | G6DA (-AC) 1 | 3778 | 87.0 x 96.0 | 276/283/290 6 at 6200 | 363/358/358 6 at 4500 | 6th | 10.6 | VIS (3 way) |
MFI |
| Lambda II RS | G6DA (-AC) / G6DA (-MC) 1 7 |
3778 | 87.0 x 96.0 | 303/306 8 at 6300 | 361/362 8 at 4700 | 6th | 10.4 | VIS (3 way) |
MFI |
| Lambda II GDI | G6DG 1 | 2999 | 75.2 x 92.0 | 270 at 6400 | 310 at 5000 | 6th | 11.5 | VIS (3 way) |
GDI |
| Lambda II GDI | G6DH | 3342 | 83.8 x 92.0 | 300 at 6400 | 348 at 5200 | 6th | 11.5 | VIS (3 way) |
GDI |
| Lambda II GDI | G6DJ | 3778 | 87.0 x 96.0 | 334 at 6400 | 395 at 5100 | 6th | 11.5 | VIS (3 way) |
GDI |
commitment
The Lambda engines installed worldwide are listed for each model; not all of the configurations listed are offered in every country.
Hyundai Entourage
- Entourage EP
- G6DA-AT (250 hp): 2006-2009
Hyundai Equus
- Equus VI
- G6DA-AC (290 hp): 2009-2016
Hyundai Genesis
- Genesis bra
- G6DB-AC, G6DA-AC (262, 290 hp): 2008-2011
- G6DH, G6DJ (300, 334 hp): 2011-2013
Hyundai Genesis Coupe
- Genesis Coupe BK
- G6DA-AC (306 hp): 2009–2012
- G6DJ (347 hp): 2012-2016
Hyundai Grandeur
- Grandeur TG
- G6DB-AT, G6DA-AT (235, 260 hp): 2005-2009
- G6DB-AC, G6DA-AC (260, 283 hp): 2010
- Grandeur HG
- G6DG, G6DH (270, 300 hp): 2011-2017
Hyundai Santa Fe
- Santa Fe CM
- G6DB-AT (242 hp): 2006-2009
- G6DC-AC (277 PS): 2009 – today (no more six-cylinder in Europe from 2009 facelift)
Hyundai Sonata
- Sonata NF
- G6DB-AT (235 hp): 2006-2008
- G6DB-AC (250 hp): 2008-2010
Hyundai Veracruz
- Veracruz EN
- G6DA-AT (260 hp): 2007 – today
KIA Borrego
- Borrego HM
- G6DA-AC (276 hp): 2008 – today
KIA Cadenza
- Cadenza VG
- G6DC-AC (290 hp): 2010-today
- L6DB (235 hp): 2010-today
- G6DG (270 hp): 2011 – today
KIA Carnival
- Carnival VQ
- G6DA-AT (242 hp): 2006-2009
- G6DC-AC (271 hp): 2010-2011
KIA Opirus
- Opirus GH
- G6DB-AT, G6DA-AT (247, 266 PS): 2006-2009
- G6DB-AC, G6DA-AC (260, 283 hp): 2009-2011
KIA Sorento
- Sorento BL
- G6DB-AT, G6DA-AT (242, 260 hp): 2007-2009
- Sorento XM
- G6DC-AC (277 hp): 2009 – today
Individual evidence
- ↑ Production in Asan and Montgomery ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 145 kB)
- ↑ Cubic capacity variants of the Lambda series ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 145 kB)
- ↑ a b Hyundai engine catalog (PDF; 7.9 MB)
- ↑ Idle speed Lambda I ( Memento of the original from September 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Idle speed Lambda II ( Memento of the original from May 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Idle speed Lambda II RS
- ↑ Timing chains and toothed belts in the Lambda V6
- ↑ Hyundai Sonata Manual p. 210 Inspection interval of the timing belt
- ↑ a b c d Type of valve actuation ( memento of the original dated November 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Manufacturer of the bucket tappets (PDF; 10.1 MB)
- ↑ Ticking or clicking noise due to loose valve adjustment plate: Sporadic clicking of an XM TCT. In: YouTube . March 12, 2010, accessed April 30, 2019 .
- ↑ Sound of a worn bucket tappet
- ↑ Inspection interval of the valve clearance operating instructions Hyundai Sonata p. 209
- ↑ End of development Lambda series
- ↑ Explanation of the Hyundai CVVT technology including images
- ↑ a b gas exchange # four-stroke reciprocating engine
- ↑ a b Lambda I / II Variable Intake System
- ↑ Lambda Details ( Memento of the original from September 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Balance shaft in the Lambda V6
- ↑ Utilization of the injectors of the Lambda II RS at different speeds
- ↑ Lambda II RS innovations I
- ↑ Lambda II RS innovations II
- ↑ Lambda II RS European start (PDF; 35 kB)
- ↑ Video for Pikes Peak 2WD TimeAttack 2009
- ↑ Pikes Peak competition classes
- ↑ Palmer Jaguar JP1 ( Memento of the original from July 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Data from the Hyundai Genesis PM 580
- ↑ Hyundai GDI uses a homogeneous mixing ratio
- ↑ Fine dust values in gasoline engines increased due to direct injection
- ↑ a b Hyundai Lambda II GDI innovations
- ↑ Engine codes Lambda II
- ↑ Engine code Genesis Coupe
