Jean I. de Neufchâtel
Jean I. de Neufchâtel (* probably 1378/79; † April 1433 in the Holy Land ) was one of the most important Burgundian soldiers and diplomats at the time of the Dukes Johann Ohnefurcht and Philip the Good . He was lord of Montaigu, Fontenoy-en-Voge , Amance , Chemilly, Fondremand , Conflans-en-Bassigny, Liesle , Chissey , Buffard , Nanteuil-la-Fosse and Sommeville etc., large butler of France and general captain of both the Duchy of Burgundy as also of the Free County of Burgundy . In 1430 he became a founding member of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Diploma No. 24) - and almost two years later, because of a lost battle, he became the first to be expelled from the Order.
family
Jean de Neufchâtel was the youngest son of Thiébaut VI., Lord of Neufchâtel († December 1401 / January 1402), and Margaret of Burgundy († probably 1397) from the House of Chalon . He was the younger brother of Thiébaut VII. De Neufchâtel (X 1396) and Humbert de Neufchâtel , Bishop of Basel († 1418). His paternal uncle was the Cardinal Dean Jean de Neufchâtel († 1398), on his mother's side it was Jean de Bourgogne († 1373), whose inheritance fell to him after the death of his mother, including the baronies of Montaigu, Amance and Fontenoy, the dominions of Fondremand and Port- sur-Saône , as well as Liesle, Chissey and Buffard in the Loue Valley . In 1400 his father gave him, among other things, the rule of Nancuise , which he exchanged for Chemilly with his brother Thiébaut the following year. In 1418 he acquired the rule of Conflans from the Cardinal and Duke Ludwig von Bar and the dominions of Nanteuil-la-Fosse and Cumy from Bonne de Bar.
In December 1398 he married Jeanne de Ghistelles, Dame d ' Havrincourt († between February 1423 and 1431, buried in the Abbey of Notre-Dame de Faverney ), widow of Jean de Chalon, Seigneur de Châtelbelin (X 1396), and daughter of Jean VI., Lord of Ghistelles and Captain General of Flanders , and Jeanne de Châtillon. She brought the dominion of Saint-Lambert in the Ardennes (Amance Saint Lambert) and the vice-county of Bligny into the marriage, which she had inherited from her mother. There were disputes over this property with Louis II. De Chalon , Count of Tonnerre , which began in 1401 and could only be resolved in 1421. Since the marriage remained childless, the property reverted to her family after Jeanne's death.
However, Jean de Neufchâtel had five illegitimate children, of which the two eldest were given by Henry VI in 1424 . as King of France and England, were legitimized:
- Thibaud, Seigneur de Chemilly etc (* probably 1396, † 1454), son of Isabelle de Villers; ⚭ I Ameline de Bavans († after 1427), ⚭ II around 1440 Catherine de Vergy († 1480) - descendants in the Free County of Burgundy and Champagne
- Antoine († before 1481), son of Isabeau de Buissy, lord of Sillery ; ⚭ Agnès de Françières († after 1488) - descendants in Lorraine
- Jacques († 1476/82), Seigneur de Sorans-les-Cordiers ; ⚭ Etiennette de Maissey († after 1482)
- Jean ⚭ 1445 Agnès de Hodelaincourt
- Isabelle († after 1499), daughter of Billacte d'Amance; ⚭ 1453 Henri Brabant de Chaumont († 1481)
Life
In 1395 Jean de Neufchâtel took part in the swearing-in of his father as administrator of the Principality of Basel for his brother Humbert. In 1400 he was in the retinue of the Burgundian Duke Philip the Bold . In 1403 he was appointed cupbearer to the French king. In 1408 he is referred to as a knight after having played a major role in the Burgundian victory in the Battle of Othée . In 1409 he took part in the siege of Vellexon , from 1410 to 1412 he was captain general for Burgundy (duchy and free county). In 1411 and 1412 he fought the uprising of Louis II. De Chalon in Tonnerrois . In 1413 he commanded the Burgundian troops in Artois , from July to September 1414 he led the defense of Arras against the king's troops (→ Peace of Arras (1414) ). In the same year he became a Burgundian councilor, in October he was one of the ambassadors in negotiations with the Austrians, Württembergians and Swiss, and in 1414 he was made Gardien de la terre de Luxeuil by the French king (he was also a guard of the monasteries of Faverney and Calmoutier ), the following year he was at the Council of Constance . In November 1415 the Duke appointed him governor of the Free County (he held the office until 1419) as well as of Rosemont and Belfort , in December he was sent to Lyons to the German King Sigismund . In 1416 he became councilor and chamberlain to the French king. In 1417 he besieged Nogent and captured Châlons-sur-Marne , whose governor he then became. After defending Rouen against the English, he was appointed Grand Cupid of France in 1418 (his nephew Thiébaut VIII. De Neufchâtel , at the same time, from 1418 to 1422, was Grand Master of France ) and in 1419 President of the Court of Auditors.
When the Pouilly-le-Fort contract was signed (July 1419) he was back in the duke's entourage and in September he was the only one who survived the murder attempt on the Montereau bridge , he was then one of those whom the Dowager Duchess of Troyes , informed the new duke in Ghent and his wife in Dijon of the crime. The latter then installed him as her envoy to the French king and the Cardinal von Bar. In 1420 he took part in the negotiations for the Treaty of Troyes (May) and the wedding of Catherine de France and Henry V of England (June). In 1423 he conquered the places in Champagne held by La Hire ( Étienne de Vignolles ) on behalf of the king, in 1424 he fought at the siege of Nesle in July and forced La Hire in Vitry-le-François to surrender in October . The Duke of Bedford then transferred the dominions of Sommeville, Conflans and Vitry-la-Ville to him .
In January 1430, Jean de Neufchâtel became a member of the Order of the Golden Fleece founded on the occasion of the duke's wedding. He then negotiated in Jonvelle and Lure with the envoys of the Duke of Lorraine and the Duke of Austria. In June he took part in the campaign of Louis II. De Chalon, Prince of Orange , in the Dauphiné , which led to the defeat of Anthon on June 11, 1430 , which later earned him the charge of fleeing from cowardice. In 1431 he still took part in negotiations with the ambassadors of the Duke of Austria in Montbéliard and those of the Duke of Lorraine and Bar in Luxeuil (but not in the Battle of Bulgnéville in July - here he often met Jean de Friborg, Comte de Neuchâtel - Johann von Freiburg, Count of Neuchâtel - confused), but fell out of favor because of the events of Anthon and was finally excluded from the Order of the Golden Fleece on November 30, 1431. He tried in vain to reverse the exclusion at the chapter of the order of 1432.
After this final defeat, Jean de Neufchâtel went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, on which he died in April 1433. He was buried in the Abbey of Notre-Dame de Faverney.
literature
- Detlev Schwennicke, European Family Tables, Volume XI (1986), Tables 137, 138 and 142
- Raphael de Smedt (ed.): Les chevaliers de l'ordre de la Toison d'or au XVe siècle. Notices bio-bibliographiques. (Kieler Werkstücke, D 3) 2nd, improved edition, Verlag Peter Lang, Frankfurt 2000 ( ISBN 3-631-36017-7 ), pp. 53–56, no. 24.
- Jean François Richard, Recherches historiques et statistiques sur l'ancienne seigneurie de neuchâtel, au comté de bourgogne, 1840
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Montaigu Castle (now in ruins) east of Colombier (Haute-Saône)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Jean I. de Neufchâtel |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Burgundian military and diplomat |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1378-1379 |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 1433 |
| Place of death | Holy Land |