Johann Wilhelm Friso (Nassau-Dietz)

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Johann Wilhelm Friso of Nassau-Dietz

Johann Wilhelm Friso (born August 4, 1687 in Dessau ; † July 14, 1711 near Moerdijk ) was nominal Prince of Orange and ruling Prince of Nassau-Dietz and from 1696 to 1711 governor of the provinces of Drenthe, Friesland and Groningen.

Life

Johann Wilhelm Friso, son of Prince Heinrich Casimir von Nassau-Dietz (1657–1696) and Princess Henriette Amalie von Anhalt-Dessau (1666–1726), followed his father at the age of nine as heir in Friesland , Groningen and Drenthe as well Prince von Nassau-Dietz, Count von Katzenelnbogen , Vianden and Spiegelberg under maternal tutelage.

His distant uncle, the childless English-Scottish king and Dutch governor Wilhelm III, widowed in 1695 . von Oranien , the last male descendant of the Orange-Nassau line , set him up as a universal heir, whereby the Principality of Orange , the Margraves of Veere and Vlissingen , the Counties of Büren and Leerdam and the Lordship of Breda should all go to him. After Wilhelm's death in 1702, Friedrich I , the first King in Prussia , and Prince Wilhelm Hyacinth von Nassau-Siegen also raised claims to the inheritance against the 15-year-old and Louis XIV immediately occupied the Principality of Orange and drew it as a supposedly finished French Fiefdom .

Johann Wilhelm Friso had been captain general of Friesland from 1707 and became governor of Groningen a year later. General of the infantry since 1704 , he took part in the battles of Oudenaarde , Malplaquet and Douai in the War of the Spanish Succession . On April 26, 1709, Johann Wilhelm Friso married Landgravine Marie Luise von Hessen-Kassel (1688–1765), daughter of Landgrave Karl von Hessen-Kassel .

In July 1711 he left the theater of war in the southern Netherlands to travel to The Hague. There should be discussions regarding the still not settled legacy of Wilhelm III. occur. While crossing the Hollands Diep on July 14th, his ferry boat capsized off Strijensas and the 23-year-old drowned. On July 22nd, his body was recovered by a boatman. Seven months later, Johann Wilhelm Friso was buried in the Grote of Jacobijnerkerk in Leeuwarden . A good month later his widow Marie Luise gave birth to his successor Wilhelm Carl Heinrich Friso. She took over the reign until his 20th birthday.

It was not until the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 that a regulation was created: The Principality of Orange now officially left the Holy Roman Empire and fell to France; the purely formal, otherwise unlawful title Prince of Orange was awarded to Johann Wilhelm Friso's son Wilhelm . Prussia received the upper quarters of the Duchy of Geldern , and most of the private fortune of the Orange family fell to the Prussian king, because Frederick I was a direct descendant of the extinct Orange line, since his mother, Luise Henriette of Orange , and also his paternal grandmother, Elisabeth Charlotte von der Pfalz , granddaughters of the founder of the dynasty, Wilhelm I of Orange . The next Prussian king, Friedrich Wilhelm I , the soldier king, sold among other things the Orange castles Huis ten Bosch in The Hague and Het Loo to Wilhelm IV. In 1747 he was elected governor of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces, which he remained until his death in 1751.

progeny

The marriage to Marie Luise had two children:

literature

  • Pieter Lodewijk Muller :  Johann Wilhelm Friso . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, p. 275 f.
  • Uwe Schögl (ed.): Orange. 500 years of portraits of a dynasty from the portrait collection of the Austrian National Library, Vienna, and the Dutch Royal Collection The Hague. (Exhibition from February 1 to March 19, 2002, Camineum of the Austrian National Library, Vienna). Austrian National Library et al., Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-01-000028-6 , pp. 92–95.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Nassau-Diez, Johann Wilhelm Friso Prince of. Hessian biography. (As of February 13, 2013). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Grote Kerk Leeuwarden - Geschiedenis Koninklijke Grafkelder ; accessed on March 9, 2018 (Dutch)
  3. ↑ Beno Hofman: Orange Nassau en Groningen. Van Heiligerlee dead Grote Markt. In Boekvorm Uitgevers, Assen 2004; P. 34 (Dutch)
predecessor Office successor
Heinrich Casimir II. Prince of Nassau-Dietz
1696–1711 		Wilhelm IV Friso
William III. Count of Vianden
Lord of Breda
1702–1711 		Wilhelm IV Friso
personal data
SURNAME Johann Wilhelm Friso
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Johan Willem Friso, Prince of Orange (English); Juan Guillermo Friso de Orange-Nassau (Spanish)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prince of Nassau-Dietz, titular Prince of Orange
DATE OF BIRTH 4th August 1687
PLACE OF BIRTH Dessau
DATE OF DEATH July 14, 1711
Place of death at Moerdijk