Karl Bastard von Geldern

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Karl "de Oude" Bastard of funds ( french de Charles Bâtard Gueldre * 1507 probably in Zutphen , † interlocutory 10. June and 24. July 1568 in Zutphen) was a captain and Maréchal de camp in Guelders , Habsburg , French and Danziger services .

Life

origin

Karl Bastard von Geldern was an illegitimate child of Karl von Egmond (1467–1538), Duke of Geldern from the Egmond family . His mother was Anna van Roderlo († 1539) from Zutphen, daughter of Willem van Roderlo († 1496) zu Baeckerweerd (near Wichmond ) and Nederlaar (near Lochem -Zwiep) and Agnes Caelsack (* around 1438; † 1508).

In 1517 she married Hendrik van Steenbergen (1490–1540), Lord of Nijenbeek (near Voorst ). In addition to half-siblings from other relationships with his father, Karl Bastard von Geldern also had half-brother Karel van Steenbergen (* around 1520; † 1578). Walraven Herbertsz. van Myddelyc († 1535) alias Gerrit Boekbinder or Gert thom Cloester van Nienhuyß, who later held an important role in the Anabaptist empire of Munster , testified before his execution in Utrecht that he was the preceptor (private tutor) of Hendrik van Steenbergen.

Lorraine, Kurtrier and Hochstift Utrecht

In 1514, Petit Jehan de Viller, servant of the " Queen of Sicily" Philippa von Egmond-Geldern , widowed Duchess of Lorraine and Bar , brought the "Bastartzoen" of Duke Karl von Egmont to his aunt in Lorraine . Karl Bastard von Geldern stayed in 1527 at the age of 20 at the court of Archbishop Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads in Koblenz . He wrote from there that he would learn nothing there except food and drink and would prefer military service. His father seems to have suggested him and his brother-in-law, the Duke's son Franz von Braunschweig-Lüneburg , as possible coadjutors of the Bishop of Utrecht Heinrich von der Pfalz, Duke in Bavaria . Karl Bastard von Geldern was involved in the military conflict over the Utrecht Monastery in 1527/28 . In 1529, Duke Karl von Egmond sent his son to Friesland when he was almost 22 years old . He traveled with his mother to Groningen via Nijmegen .

Geldrischer governor in Friesland

Karl Bastard von Geldern served "his father, the Duke of Geldern in wars". 1529-1536 he was money-driven governor of Groningen with the Ommelande and Drenthe and in the military conflict Duke Charles of Egmont with Emperor V. Karl involved. Karl's half-brother Peter Bastard von Geldern (1513–1566) fought in 1535 as captain of a Lübeck-Oldenburg ensign in the so-called " Count Feud "; he was captured near Helsingborg and was able to escape from the custody of the Imperial Councilor Holger Gregersen Ulfstand († 1542) from Häckeberga Castle in Skåne .

The allied chief Balthasar von Esens from the Attena family tried in 1530 to marry a Fraulein von Jever - probably Anna von Jever (1499–1536) - to Karl Bastard von Geldern. On March 8, 1534, Karl took part in the conference of Oterdum and Farmsum an der Ems, at which, after the defeat of Count Ennos II of East Frisia, the Peace of Logum was signed, which ended the Geldrian feud .

When a group of about 70 radical Anabaptists under the leadership of Jacob Kremer († 1535) tried to occupy the Johanniter- Kommende Warffum in March 1535 , the governor of Groningen Karl Bastard von Geldern left 30 of them in the cemetery of the Sebastiaankerk in Warffum (now Eemsmond parish ) captured. Kremer was beheaded in Groningen at the end of April. In October governors, captains ( hoofdmannen ), chiefs, arbitrators ( redgers ) and judges of Groningen and the Ommelande issued a court order against the "Anabaptists".

After a division of the Danes under Meinhart von Hamme, allied with Duke Karl von Egmont, plundered houses in front of the Poelepoort on April 13, 1536 and damaged 30 ships, the city of Groningen sent two envoys to the Habsburg governor Maria von Hungary in Brussels and offered to hand them over to Charles V. Karl Bastard von Geldern left the city. According to the contemporary historian Pontus Heuterus , he was deposed by the Groningen himself, while the Groningen syndic and historian Bernhard Alting (* around 1600, † after 1655) said that he had fallen out of favor with his father because he was his dealings with the city refused. The imperial military leader Georg Schenck von Tautenburg entered Groningen in June.

Escape to Danzig

After the fall of Groningen, Karl Bastard fled Geldern to avoid his father's wrath. He sent his bellboy in his own clothes to the Geldrian fortress of Coevorden , where he was held prisoner for a short time by the castellan Johan von Selbach ; he himself fled to Danzig in disguise in 1536 . Junker Karl von Geldern entered the service of the city and received an annual allowance of 800 marks (= 533 guilders 10 groschen).

After the death of Gelden Duke Karl von Egmont on June 30, 1538, Karl Bastard von Geldern traveled to the Netherlands to settle his inheritance matters. In October 1538, Henrick von Selbach (Heinrich von Zolbach) (* around 1515; † 1561), a son of Johans von Selbach, spread the rumor in Arnhem that "Joncker Kaerll" had killed an alchemist or had him killed and secretly buried. The Count of Buren (probably Floris or Maximilian von Egmond is meant ) and others accused him of " heresy ". Heinrich van Norden († after 1544), Guardian of the Franciscans in Emden , who had been involved in the formulation of the Logum Peace Treaty, had suspected Karl Bastard von Geldern of being a secret Zwinglian , others even said that he would become an Anabaptist ( Mennonite ) who were threatened with the death penalty as a result of the Anabaptist mandate from the Reichstag in Speyer in 1529 . The allegations were investigated and found to be unfounded.

Geldrische inheritances and Jülich feud

Karl Bastard von Geldern zu Coldenhove and his half-brother Karl "de Jonge" Bastard von Geldern (* around 1515, † 1576) zu Spankeren took part in the state parliament in Arnhem on July 10, 1539. The Geldersche Landtag approved the execution of Duke Karl's will by the executors Count Joost von Bronckhorst-Borculo , Count Christoph von Moers and Saar Werden and Councilor Zeger van Arnhem (1502–1557). His “natuirlicke zoen der old Kaerll” received, among other things, the Coldenhove hunting lodge with mill, ponds and accessories (today the municipality of Brummen near Eerbeek in the Veluwe ), the Zijbroek (= deep break ) with the wood judge's office in Loenerbos, a forest area (today Bosgebied Loenen ) and the De Wildbaan estate in the farming community of Leuvenheim (today the municipality of Brummen), the large and small tithe in Rumpt and Gellicum and the large tithe in Deil (today three districts of Geldermalsen ) with leased land in Rumpt and Eerbeek. From his mother, who died in 1539, he inherited part of the Geldrischen fiefdom Baeckerweerd and Gut Okhorst (near Wichmond). When he married for the second time, he also owned the Nederlaar and Heyinck estate (both near Lochem), Gijsbertsslach near Coldenhove and a house in Zutphen. When Luloff zu Rydt († 1554/61) died a cousin of his mother, Karl Bastard von Geldern had tried to get his feudal property in Geldern.

From February 1539 until the Treaty of Venlo in 1543, Duke Wilhelm V von Keve-Jülich-Berg ruled the Duchy of Geldern . In 1539 Karl von Geldern zu Coldenhove was enrolled in the knighthood of the Veluwe. According to his own admission, he was in the service of Emperor Charles V several times in his life “across the mountains and elsewhere, on horseback and on foot in many wars”. In autumn 1542, Karl Bastard von Geldern took part in a Habsburg-Burgundian offensive in the Duchy of Jülich . He was sued by Duke Wilhelm V in 1543 before the Imperial Court of Justice for breach of the peace for damage caused . In the autumn of 1543 "Juncker Carl von Gellern" served as a lieutenant in the imperial troops in a contingent of eleven pennants of Dutch mercenaries of Colonel Maximilian von Egmond , Count von Büren ( Bewren ), under Field Marshal Johann Hilchen von Lorch during the siege and capture of Landrecies von Cambrai by Karl V. Junker Karl von Geldern left the imperial services, according to his own account, "so as not to fight against Protestant princes".

Service as a French officer

When applying for a captaincy in Danzig in 1548, Karl Bastard von Geldern assured that he had served "as Imperial Marshal to the King of France" -   Francis I (ruled 1515–1547). For an officer activity in the French service before 1547, only the period from 1543 is considered. In a trial in front of the court of Geldern in Arnhem in 1545, Karl Bastard von Geldern stated that he was in the service of "the king" in 1543 and that the bailiff of Tielerwaard - Bruin van der Schueren - had withheld his tithe at Rumpt during this time. Karl's half-brother Peter Bastard von Geldern (Petter van Gelder; Peter of Geldres; Peter Bursterde of Guilders) was in the service of King Henry VIII of England on the other side in 1545/46 .

In 1545 Karl Bastard von Geldern married Elisabeth van Beuningen (Buning) († after 1553), whose parents owned a house in Amsterdam and died there. Ubbo Emmius and later literature that followed him set Danzig as the place of this marriage. However, Emmius assumed that Karl Bastard von Geldern lived exclusively in Gdansk from 1536 until his death. The Amsterdam van Beuningen family came from Nijmegen , a former imperial city pledged in funds. It had some Mennonite members who emigrated to West Prussia . A sister Elisabeth van Beuningen was with an East Frisian preachers ( priests married).

According to a communication from his librarian Felix König (* around 1500; † 1549), Duke Albrecht of Prussia suspected in the summer of 1546 that Junker Karl von Geldern had committed himself to the service of the order under Landmeister Hermann von Bruggenei in Livonia . In fact, at that time Karl Bastard von Geldern intended to return to Danzig shortly.

War captain of the city of Gdansk

From June 6, 1548, Karl Bastard von Geldern was the war captain of the city of Danzig . He pledged to serve the city in peace and war for life. The town council gave him the Wartsch estate (today Warcz in the municipality of Gmina Trąbki Wielkie ), the annual income of which was set at 1000 gold guilders, and also guaranteed an annual salary of 400 guilders. In the event that Emperor Charles V should confiscate Karl von Geldern's property in Geldern, the value of which was estimated at 20,000 marks in Brabant currency, the council promised to keep him harmless.

His former chaplain from Groningen, Hermann van Bommeln , who fled to West Prussia in 1535 after converting to Protestantism, acted as business agent for Duke Albrecht of Prussia in 1539–1553 / 54. He settled baptismal people and Lutherans in Danziger Werder ( Vistula Delta ) and was a Mennonite preacher around 1550. Around 1550, Karl von Geldern is said to have lived on the Danzig Werder. Duke Albrecht greeted him over pompons. In 1550 Karl Bastard von Geldern acquired the Reichenberg estate (today Rychemberk / Bogatka in the Pruszcz Gdański municipality ) and in 1553 other property in its vicinity.

In 1552 Karl Bastard von Geldern was again confronted with allegations because of his religious attitude when he was riding through Utrecht from Gdansk. The allegations were made by Jean de Ligne-Barbençon , Count von Arenberg , who became his uncle-in-law in 1565. In the summer of 1554, Junker Karl von Geldern, together with three councilors from Danzig, brought a report to Mayor Johann von Werden on the war people lying in front of Bremen and Mecklenburg, which he passed on to Duke Albrecht of Prussia a week before his own death. At that time, the mercenary leaders Georg von Holle and Hilmar von Münchhausen recruited 24 troops for the Franconian estates.

Rift with the City Council of Gdansk

In 1555 Karl Bastard von Geldern was still registered in the knighthood register of the Veluwe and had a residence in Ingen (near Buren ).

In 1557 he spoke out sharply against the city council when he stood up for his neighbors in the Gdansk town hall on a Reichenberg affair. He was then released from his duties and the Wartsch estate was withdrawn from him. Two years later he received compensation of 2000 gold guilders.

Maréchal in the Italian War

Karl Bastard von Geldern served Henry II of France in the Italian Wars of the 1550s as “ Maréchal ” with the rank of general in Italy, France and especially in Germany.

Seeking employment in England

Around 1559/60 Karl Bastard von Geldern traveled to the Duchy of Geldern. In 1560 he was still enfeoffed with Coldenhove. In July 1560, Karl Bastard von Geldern offered his services to Queen Elizabeth I of England . He had turned down an offer from French King Francis II three months ago because he could not fight against the “true religion” (the Reformed Huguenots ). He reported on encounters with King Sigismund II of Poland and letters from Johannes a Lasco to Elisabeth's brother Edward VI. in which he himself was mentioned. Karl Bastard von Geldern had the application letter written in Latin from Hendrik Boshoff († 1562/63) from Coldenhove and Suideras (today Wichmond-Vierakker, municipality of Bronckhorst ), who was related to his mother: Hendrik's great-grandmother Antonia Caelsack was a sister of Karl's grandmother Agnes Caelsack.

A son of Karl Bastard von Geldern stayed in 1563 in the house of Jan van Utenhove in London and conveyed news from Poland to the English court via Utenhove, which he had received from his father in Danzig from the Reichstag in Petrikau .

Second marriage

In 1565 Karl von Geldern married Maximiliana von der Marck-Arenberg, a illegitimate daughter of Count Robert III. von der Marck-Arenberg († 1541), with which the branch of the family died out. The witnesses were Jean de Ligne-Barbençon, Count von Arenberg, and his wife Margaretha von der Marck-Arenberg , an aunt of the bride, Engelbert Evertsz. van Enss († 1567), castellan of Coevorden and Drost of Drenthe, Jost von Campen († around 1585), Lord von Sart-Pasteau (at Gembloux -Grand-Leez) and Laneffe , Goswin VI. von Raesfeld († 1566), Mr. zu Hackfort (near Vorden ), Jacob III. van Heeckeren († 1579) to Roderlo , Mauritz Ripperda (1530-1616) to Vorden and Petkum and Jacob van Goltstein († 1569), aldermen and councilor to Zutphen, as well as his two sons Adolph and Carel from his first marriage.

On June 10, 1568, Karl Bastard von Geldern, seriously ill, wrote his will in Zutphen and died on July 24, 1568.

family

Karl Bastard von Geldern married Elisabeth van Beuningen († after 1553) in 1545. In his second marriage, he was married to Maximiliana von der Marck-Arenberg († 1616) from June 5, 1565. His children were:

  1. (from ⚭ I.) Adolf von Gelder († 1597), 1568 enfeoffed among other things with Caldenhove, Ockhorst, a share in Baeckerweerd and the estate De Wildbaan near Brummen, 1570 in Prussia and 1588 in Danzig, ⚭ in August 1568 (betrothed in February 1567) with papal dispensation in Voorst his cousin Geertruid van Steenbergen († 1610), daughter of Karel van Steenbergen and Geertruid van Renesse, she lived as a widow in Amsterdam in the De Witte Oliphant house in Amsterdam, buried in the Oude Kerk ,
    1. Christopher von Geller (1576–1641), ∞ 1621 Anna van Mollen (1600–1666), daughter of Ambrosius van Mollen from Lier in Brabant, children, born in Danzig:
      1. Anna von Geldern (* 1623), ⚭ Johan Kreiss,
      2. Carolus von Gellern (1624–1673),
      3. Adolphus von Geldern (* 1628; † after 1680),
      4. Gertrude von Geldern, ⚭ Gillis Tibaut,
      5. Christoffer von Geldern († 1671/79),
  2. Karl von Geldern († 1600), inherited his father's property in Reichenberg, probably identical to Karl von Gellern, lawyer in Danzig, who married Judith Dittmer in November 1597 (she ⚭ II. 1605). Hendrik ter Haar (Heinrich Harius) (1539–1599) from Ruurlo in Geldern , vice principal of the Salentinisches Gymnasium in Paderborn , dedicated a poem to him. Karl von Geldern repeatedly caught "wrongdoers" on behalf of the city of Danzig, led a legal dispute with Peter Spinosa (Pedro de Spinoza), buried in St. Mary's Church . Children born in Gdansk:
    1. Anna von Gellern (* 1599),
    2. Elisabeth von Gellern (* 1600),
  3. NN. (Son) van Geldern († probably after 1548), died in West Prussia,
  4. (from ⚭ II.) Margriet van Geldern (* 1566; † after 1568).

swell

  • Gerard van Hasselt: Geldersche oudheden , Vol. I. Moeleman, Arnhem 1806 ( Google Books )
  • Ursula Benninghoven (Beab.): The relations of Duke Albrecht of Prussia to cities, bourgeoisie and nobility in western Prussia (1525-1554) , Vol. II. (Publications from the archives of Prussian cultural property 48/2). Böhlau, Cologne 2006 ( Google Books ; limited preview) ISBN 3-412-21605-4
  • Letter from Captain Henrichus Bosschovius (Heinrich Boshoff zu Coldenhove and Suideras) in the name of the bastard Karl von Geldern to Queen Elizabeth I of England in July 1560; Joseph Kervyn de Lettenhove (ed.): Relations politiques des Pays-Bas et de l'Angleterre , Vol. II / 1 26 août 1559–22 avril 1562 . Hayez, Brussels 1883, p. 519f ( Google Books ; limited preview), ( digitized in the Internet Archive)

literature

  • Ubbo Emmius : Rerum Frisicarum historia . Louis Elzevir, Leiden 1616, p. 885f ( Google Books )
  • Johann Isaak Pontanus : Historiae Gelricae libri XIV . Deducta omnia ad ea usq [ue] tempora nostra, quibus firmata sub ordinibus respublica. Praecedit qui est liber primus ducatus Gelriae et comitatus Zutphaniae chorographica descriptio cum chartis geographicis. Nicolaas van Wieringen, Johannes Janssonius, Harderwijk / Amsterdam 1639 ( Google Books )
    • Johann Isaak Pontanus: XIV Johann Isaak Pontanus van de Geldersse divorced van't begin af vervolghd tot aen de afzweeringh des konincx van Spanien, translated by Arend van Slichtenhorst . Jacob van Biesen, Arnhem 1654 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Düsseldorf), ( Google-Books )
  • Gerard van Hasselt: Het oorspronlyk schildery van Karel van Egmond, Hertoge van Gelre en Grave van Zutphen . Loosjes, Haarlem 1804
  • Eduard Rosenkrantz: De Graven en Hertogen van Gelre en Graven van Zutphen . In: Geldersche Volks-Almanak 69 (1903), pp. 13-29, especially p. 26
  • John Muhl : Studies on the West Prussian history of goods , Bd. II history of the Wartsch estate . (Sources and representations on the history of West Prussia 11.2). Danziger Verlagsgesellschaft, Danzig 1926, pp. 19f and 45 ( digitized version of the Thorn University Library)
  • Anthonie Paul Schilfgaarde: Het testament van hertog Karel en zijn afstammelingen . In: Bijdragen en Mededelingen der Vereniging Gelre 50 (1950), pp. 23–53, esp. Pp. 35–41 ( Google Books ; limited preview)
  • Anthonie Paul Schilfgaarde: Nadere against the testament van hertog Karel van Gelre en zijn afstammelingen . In: Bijdragen en Mededelingen der Vereniging Gelre 56 (1957), pp. 199–211 ( Google Books ; limited preview)
  • Franz Petri : Landscape and supra-landscape forces in the Habsburg-Klevian struggle for money and in the peace of Venlo 1537-1543 . In: Max Braubach , Franz Petri (Hrsg.): From history and regional studies. Research and Representation . Dedicated to Franz Steinbach on the occasion of his 65th birthday by his friends and students. Röhrscheid, Bonn 1960, pp. 92-113
  • Ralf G. Jahn : The genealogy, the bailiffs, counts and dukes of money . In: Johannes Stinner, Karl-Heinz Tekath (ed.): Gelre - Geldern - Gelderland. History and culture of the Duchy of Geldern . (Publications of the State Archives of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia. Series D 30). Verlag des Historisches Verein für Geldern und Umgebung, Geldern 2001, pp. 29–50, esp. P. 39.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Chaplain in Deventer, 1534 one of the four councilors of King Jan van Leiden .
  2. ^ Probably Jean de La Personne dit Le Petit († after 1550), seigneur de Fontaines et Villers.
  3. ^ Karl von Egmont was married to Elisabeth von Braunschweig-Lüneburg .
  4. ↑ misreading Erllinchem .
  5. ↑ Also Luleff te Rijth, Ludolf te Ryeth u. Ä .; Aldermen of Zutphen.
  6. ↑ "… aver dat gebergte alssunst different hen and wedder thoe peerde and thoe voete in veelen krijgesloepen".
  7. ↑ Also Joost de Campenne; Arenberg court master, married since 1564 to Maria de la Mark-Arenberg († 1596), a natural aunt of the bride.
  8. ↑ Married to Maria von Wylich zu Diersfordt (1536–1610).
  9. ↑ Since 1556 he was married to Henrica de Rydt († before 1559 in childbed), a relative of Anna van Roderlo; Daughter of Luloff de Rydt and NN. van Vierakker.
  10. ↑ You ∞ II. Before 1570 Rienck (Reyner) van Dekema (* around 1535/40; † after 1608), son of Pieter van Dekema and Catharina van Loo.
  11. ↑ Also Hendrick Terhaer; Studied in Löwen, lic. Jur., Former rector of the Latin school in Zutphen, expelled from there as a Catholic, from around 1575 in Paderborn.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Willem Jan d'Ablaing van Giessenburg: De ridderschap van Veluwe . Martinus Nijhoff, 's-Gravenhage 1859, p. 22 ( Google Books ).
  2. ↑ Documents of August 21, 1537, February 9, 1538 and November 30, 1554; Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Paffendorf, documents No. 670, 672 and 780); Ralf G. Jahn: The genealogy, the bailiffs, counts and dukes of money . In: Johannes Stinner, Karl-Heinz Tekath (ed.): Gelre - Geldern - Gelderland. History and culture of the Duchy of Geldern . (Publications of the State Archives of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia. Series D 30). Verlag des Historisches Verein für Geldern und Umgebung, Geldern 2001, pp. 29–50, esp. P. 39.
  3. ^ Albert F. Mellink: Anabaptism at Amsterdam after Munster . In: Irvin Buckwalter Horst (Ed.): The Dutch Dissenters . Brill, Leiden 1986, pp. 127-142, especially p. 128 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  4. ↑ Otto S. Knottnerus: Menno as tijdverschijnsel . In: Doopsgezinde Bijdragen 22 (1996), pp. 79–118, esp. Pp. 81f ( Google Books ; limited preview), ( PDF from Doopsgezinde Historische Kring); ders .: Anabaptists among mercenaries and privateers . In: Mennonitische Geschichtsblätter 59 (2002), pp. 111-144, especially p. 112.
  5. ^ Adolphe Marchal (arrangement): Inventaire-sommaire des Archives départementales antérieures à 1790. Meuse , vol. I. Paul Dupont, Paris 1875, pp. 92, 182f, 443, 444 and a. ( Google Books ).
  6. ^ Accounting of the ducal secretary Peter van den Bosch, September 27, 1514; Gerard van Hasselt: Geldersche oudheden , Vol. I. Moeleman, Arnhem 1806, No. 7, p. 225 ( Google Books ).
  7. ↑ See also letter from Karl van Egmond to Elector Richard von Tier of April 18, 1521 from Arnhem, made out by the secret secretary Johannes Verssen (Johann ten Neigen van Viersen); Digitized by the University Library Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Brieven XV.10220).
  8. ^ A b Johann Isaak Pontanus: Historiae Gelricae libri XIV . Wieringen, Janssonius, Harderwijk / Amsterdam 1639, p. 739; Johann Isaak Pontanus, Arend van Slichtenhorst: XIV boeken van de Geldersse divorced . Biesen, Arnhem 1654, p. 394.
  9. ^ A b Johann Isaak Pontanus: Historiae Gelricae libri XIV . Wieringen, Janssonius, Harderwijk / Amsterdam 1639, p. 763; Johann Isaak Pontanus, Arend van Slichtenhorst: XIV boeken van de Geldersse divorced . Biesen, Arnhem 1654, p. 412.
  10. ↑ Lambertus Hortensius : Secessionum civilium Ultraiectinarum, & bellorum, from ann. XXIV supra MCD usque ad translationem episcopatus ad Burgundos libri septem . Johannes van Doorn, Utrecht 1642, p. 117f ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  11. ↑ Robert Macquériau: Histoire générale de l'Europe durant les années MDXXVII, MDXXVIII, MDXXIX . Techner, Paris 1841, pp. 11, 18, 49, 84f, 94 and ö. ( Google Books ).
  12. ↑ receipt of lobith'schen inch scribe Evert Beyers († 1538), Nijmegen 1529; Gerard van Hasselt: Geldersche oudheden , Vol. I. Moeleman, Arnhem 1806, No. 78, p. 227 ( Google Books ).
  13. ↑ a b c employment as captain of the city of Danzig, June 6, 1548; Gdańsk State Archives - Wojewódzkie Archiwum Panstwowe w Gdańsku (Gdańsk City Archives, holdings of 300 official books and files up to 1814, H manuscripts, vol. XX).
  14. ^ A b c John Muhl: Studies on the West Prussian history of goods , Bd. II History of the Wartsch estate . (Sources and representations on the history of West Prussia 11.2). Danziger Verlagsgesellschaft, Danzig 1926, pp. 19f and 45 ( digitized version of the Thorn University Library).
  15. ^ Johann Isaak Pontanus: Historiae Gelricae libri XIV . Wieringen, Janssonius, Harderwijk / Amsterdam 1639, p. 777; Johann Isaak Pontanus, Arend van Slichtenhorst: XIV boeken van de Geldersse divorced . Biesen, Arnhem 1654, p. 422.
  16. ↑ André R. Koeller: agonality and cooperation. Leadership groups in the north-west of the empire 1250-1550 . (Publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen 279). Wallstein, Göttingen 2015, pp. 516f.
  17. ↑ Dated somewhat differently in Tileman Dothias Wiarda : Ostfriesische Geschichte , Vol. II. August Friedrich Winter, Aurich 1792, pp. 409–411 ( Google Books ).
  18. ↑ a b Ernst Kochs: The Beginnings of the East Frisian Reformation , Part III. In: Yearbook of the Society for Fine Art and Patriotic Antiquities in Emden 20 (1920), pp. 1–125, especially p. 80f ( PDF of the Foundation for Fine Art and Culture in the German-Dutch Ems-Dollart region).
  19. ^ Johann Isaak Pontanus: Historiae Gelricae libri XIV . Wieringen, Janssonius, Harderwijk / Amsterdam 1639, pp. 773f ( Google Books ); Johann Isaak Pontanus, Arend van Slichtenhorst: XIV boeken van de Geldersse divorced . Biesen, Arnhem 1654, p. 419.
  20. ^ From Winsum, participant in the Anabaptist Empire in Münster .
  21. ↑ Commanderij Warffum, double convent of Johanniterbrothers and sisters; Gerrit F. Noordhuis: De Johannieters in Stad en Lande. Divorcee van de Johannieters in de provincie Groningen (13de - 17de eeuw) . Sikkema, Warffum 1990.
  22. ↑ Nanne van der Zijpp : Warffum (Groningen, Netherlands) (1959). In: Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online ; accessed on August 25, 2020.
  23. ^ Heinrich Bullinger , Gerhard Nicolai : Wederlegginghe ofte Getrouwe onderwijsinge, teghen all dwalinghen of the Wederdooperen . Jan Evertsz. Cloppenburgh, Amsterdam 1617, p. 87 ( Google Books ); Gerhardus Nicolai's Inlasschingen in het vertaalde Werk van Bullinger: "Teghens de Wederdoopers". Embden , int Jaer. MDLXIX . In: Bibliotheca Reformatoria Neerlandica 7 (1910), pp. 267–487, esp. P. 369f ( digitized version of the Universiteit Amsterdam at delpher.nl).
  24. ↑ Nanne van der Zijpp: Jacob Cremer (d 1535th) (1957). In: Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online ; accessed on August 25, 2020.
  25. ↑ Warfsconstitutie tegen de neither dopers from October 8, 1535; Regionaal Historisch Centrum Groninger Archieven (Stadsbestuur van Groningen, 1476.25).
  26. ^ Pieter Harmen Witkamp: Aardrijkskundig woordenboek van Nederland . Mijs, Tiel 1877 pp. 461f.
  27. ↑ Pontus Heuterus: Rerum Belgicarum libri quindecim . Martin Nutius, Antwerp 1598, p. 499 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  28. ^ Bernhard Alting: The old-ambten Dependentie, van de Stadt Groningen . Hans Sas, Groningen 1643, pp. 65-67 ( Google Books ).
  29. ↑ a b c d e Ubbo Emmius: Rerum Frisicarum historia . Louis Elzevir, Leiden 1616, pp. 885f ( Google Books ).
  30. ↑ a b c Johann Isaak Pontanus: Historiae Gelricae libri XIV . Wieringen, Janssonius, Harderwijk / Amsterdam 1639, pp. 777f; Johann Isaak Pontanus, Arend van Slichtenhorst: XIV boeken van de Geldersse divorced . Biesen, Arnhem 1654, p. 422f.
  31. ^ Waldemar Epp: Danzig, fate of a city . Bechtle, Esslingen 1983, pp. 104f.
  32. ↑ city accounts , "around 1540"; Max Foltz: History of the Danzig City Budget . Kafemann, Danzig 1912, p. 144 ( digitized in the Internet Archive).
  33. ↑ Schöffenbuch, Sunday according to Luke (October 20) 1538; Gerard van Hasselt: Geldersche oudheden , Vol. I. Moeleman, Arnhem 1806, No. 83, p. 230f ( Google Books ).
  34. ↑ a b c d e Anthonie Paul Schilfgaarde: Het testament van hertog Karel en zijn afstammelingen . In: Bijdragen en Mededelingen der Vereniging Gelre 50 (1950), pp. 23–53, especially p. 37.
  35. ↑ (Johann Isaak Pontanus), Arend van Slichtenhorst: XIV boeken van de Geldersse divorced . Biesen, Arnhem 1654, p. 450; the section does not come from the Latin version (corresponds there to p. 813), but is based on another source.
  36. ^ Johann Isaak Pontanus: Historiae Gelricae libri XIV . Wieringen, Janssonius, Harderwijk / Amsterdam 1639, p. 795; Johann Isaak Pontanus, Arend van Slichtenhorst: XIV boeken van de Geldersse divorced . Biesen, Arnhem 1654, p. 435.
  37. ^ Schöffenbuch, Arnhem Friday and Monday after Pentecost (May 30 and June 2) 1539; Gerard van Hasselt: Geldersche oudheden , Vol. I. Moeleman, Arnhem 1806, No. 86 and 87, pp. 233-235 ( Google Books ).
  38. ↑ a b c d e Anthonie Paul Schilfgaarde: Het testament van hertog Karel en zijn afstammelingen . In: Bijdragen en Mededelingen der Vereniging Gelre 50 (1950), pp. 23–53, especially p. 38.
  39. ↑ Trial files, 1543; Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Reich Chamber of Commerce, No. 2110 - G 830/2828; see No. 2109 - Az. G 829/2827).
  40. ^ Letter from Christoph von Carlowitz to Moritz von Sachsen dated September 26, 1543; Erich Brandenburg (edit.): Political correspondence of Duke and Elector Moritz von Sachsen , vol. I. Teubner, Leipzig 1900, no. 530, p. 683 ( Google books ; limited preview).
  41. ↑ Daniel Wintzenberger : Warhaftige history, and Gedenckwirdiger Handel, so from the 1500th Jar on, up to the 1583rd Jar passed . Bergen, Dresden 1583, Bl. 84r; see. Sheet 209 ( Google Books ).
  42. ^ A b c Letter from Hermann von Bömeln (Boemell) to Duke Albrecht of Prussia on July 31, 1546; Ursula Benninghoven (Beab.): The relations of Duke Albrecht of Prussia to cities, bourgeoisie and nobility in western Prussia (1525-1554) , Vol. II. (Publications from the archives of Prussian cultural property 48/2). Böhlau, Cologne 2006, No. 2516, p. 1098.
  43. ↑ a b c d e Anthonie Paul Schilfgaarde: Nadere Gegevens over het testament van hertog Karel van Gelre en zijn afstammelingen . In: Bijdragen en Mededelingen der Vereniging Gelre 56 (1957), pp. 199-211, especially p. 201.
  44. ^ Johan E. Elias: De vroedschap van Amsterdam 1378-1795 , Bd. IN Israel, Amsterdam 1963, p. 345, note 109.
  45. ^ Letter from Mary of Hungary of October 27, 1552; Regionaal Historisch Centrum Groninger Archieven (Stadsbestuur van Groningen, Archief van de secretarie, Brieven, 1462.3).
  46. ↑ From Gent, also Felix Rex or Polyphemus, Carthusian monk, fled for reasons of faith, since 1534 librarian Duke Albrechts of Prussia.
  47. ^ Letters from Johannes a Lasco to Albrecht von Prussia from August 10th and 12th, 1549 from Danzig; Hermann Daton: Lasciana . Reuther & Reichard, Berlin 1898, pp. 318 and 320 ( digitized in the Internet Archive).
  48. ↑ Walter Kuhn: History of the German East Settlement in the Modern Era , Vol. I. Böhlau, Cologne / Graz 1957, p. 75.
  49. ↑ Nanne van der Zijpp: bobble, Herman van (16th century) (1953). In: Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online ( online at gameo.org; accessed February 9, 2020).
  50. ↑ Erich Schmidt : History of Germanness in the land of Posen under Polish rule . Mittler, Bromberg 1904, p. 324.
  51. ^ Letter from Duke Albrecht of Prussia to Hermann von Bömeln (Bemmeln) of June 6, 1550 from Neuhausen; Ursula Benninghoven (Beab.): The relations of Duke Albrecht of Prussia to cities, bourgeoisie and nobility in western Prussia (1525-1554) , Vol. II. (Publications from the archives of Prussian cultural property 48/2). Böhlau, Cologne 2006, No. 2950, ​​p. 1305.
  52. ^ Letter from Johann von Werden to Duke Albrecht of Prussia from August 15, 1554 from Nassenhuben ; Ursula Benninghoven (Beab.): The relations of Duke Albrecht of Prussia to cities, bourgeoisie and nobility in western Prussia (1525-1554) , Vol. II. (Publications from the archives of Prussian cultural property 48/2). Böhlau, Cologne 2006, No. 3560, p. 1577.
  53. ^ Karl Ernst Hermann Krause :  Holle, Georg von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, pp. 755-757.
  54. ^ A b Eduard Rosenkrantz: De Graven en Hertogen van Gelre en Graven van Zutphen . In: Geldersche Volks-Almanak 69 (1903), pp. 13-29, especially p. 26.
  55. ^ A b c Letter from Captain Henrichus Bosschovius (Hendrik Boshoff) in the name of the bastard Karl von Geldern to Queen Elizabeth I of England from July 1560; Joseph Kervyn de Lettenhove (ed.): Relations politiques des Pays-Bas et de l'Angleterre , Vol. II / 1. Hayez, Brussels 1883, pp. 519f.
  56. ^ Willem Jan d'Ablaing van Giessenburg: De ridderschap van Veluwe . Martinus Nijhoff, 's-Gravenhage 1859, pp. 106f and 217 ( Google Books ).
  57. ^ Letter from Bishop Edmund Grindal to William Cecil of April 17, 1563; Elizabeth: April 1563, 17 . In: Calendar of State Papers Foreign, Elizabeth 6 (1869), p. 292 ( digitized from British History online). "Carolus ab Egmonde" is mentioned in the letter as a descendant of a Burgundian branch line.
  58. ↑ a b Anthonie Paul Schilfgaarde: Het testament van hertog Karel de afstammelingen zijn . In: Bijdragen en Mededelingen der Vereniging Gelre 50 (1950), pp. 23–53, especially p. 39.
  59. ^ Illuminatus Wagner: History of the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg , Vol. IV. Lassleben, Kallmünz 1951, p. 245.
  60. ↑ Gelders Archief Arnhem (2003 ORA Arnhem, inv.no.400, p. 212, no. 1199).
  61. ↑ a b Anthonie Paul Schilfgaarde: Het testament van hertog Karel de afstammelingen zijn . In: Bijdragen en Mededelingen der Vereniging Gelre 50 (1950), pp. 23–53, especially p. 40.
  62. ↑ Anthonie Paul Schilfgaarde: Nadere gegevens over het testament van hertog Karel van Gelre en zijn afstammelingen . In: Bijdragen en Mededelingen der Vereniging Gelre 56 (1957), pp. 199-211, especially p. 200.
  63. ↑ Anthonie Paul Schilfgaarde: Nadere gegevens over het testament van hertog Karel van Gelre en zijn afstammelingen . In: Bijdragen en Mededelingen der Vereniging Gelre 56 (1957), pp. 199-211, especially p. 202.
  64. ↑ Heinrich Harius: Elegia IX ad Carolum de Geldria Dantiscum Virum Doctum . In: Tristium libri , ed. by Henrik Cannegieter. Moelemann, Arnheim 1766, pp. 91-93 ( Google Books ).
  65. ↑ Max Foltz: The Danzig city budget at the end of the 16th century . In: Zeitschrift des Westpreussischen Geschichtsverein 49 (1907), pp. 131–184, esp. Pp. 155 and 161 ( PDF of the Elbling City Library).
  66. ^ Calendar of State Papers Foreign, Elizabeth 3 (1865), p. 159 ( digitized at British History online).
personal data
SURNAME Geldern, Karl Bastard von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gelder, Kairll de Oude Bastard van (nickname); Gueldre, Charles Bâtard de (frS)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Captain and Maréchal de camp in the service of Geldern, Habsburg, French and Danzig
DATE OF BIRTH 1507
PLACE OF BIRTH unsure: Zutphen
DATE OF DEATH uncertain: between June 10, 1568 and July 24, 1568
Place of death Zutphen