Johor

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Johor
Flag of Johor.svg Johor Coat of Arms.jpg
flag coat of arms
Sarawak Labuan Sabah Johor Malakka Negeri Sembilan Putrajaya Kuala Lumpur Selangor Pahang Terengganu Kelantan Perak Perlis Kedah Thailand Singapur Brunei Indonesien Indonesien Indonesien Indonesien Indonesien Indonesien Indonesien Philippinen Philippinenmap
About this picture
abbreviation YEAR
Capital Johor Bahru
Ruler Sultan Ibrahim Ismail
Prime Minister Abdul Ghani Othman
surface 19,016 km² (2011)
population 3,348,283 inhabitants (2010)
Population density 176 inhabitants / km²
languages Malay
License Plate J

Johor , pronounced Dschohor (earlier: Johore ; Jawi : جوهور, from the Arabic word Jauhar , translated: Valuable stones ), is the southernmost state of Malaysia .

The capital and seat of the Sultan of Johor is Johor Bahru . Johor Lama (Kota Batu) was the ancient capital of the Sultanate.

Geography and location

Sultan Iskandar complex in Johor Bahru : Immigration, quarantine and customs post on the border with Singapore

Johor covers the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula .

The east coast of Johor lies on the South China Sea , the west coast on the Strait of Malacca . In the south, across the just one kilometer wide Strait of Johor on an island, lies the city-state of Singapore, and behind it is the Strait of Singapore .

In the north, Johor is bordered by the Malaysian states of Malacca , Negeri Sembilan and Pahang .

history

The Sultanate of Johor was founded in the early 16th century by Alauddin Riayat Shah (1528–1564). He was the son of Mahmud Shads, the last of the sultans of Malacca to flee from the Portuguese . In its heyday an area from Pahang to the Riau Archipelago was under the control of the Sultanate. Although the reconquest of Malacca seemed impossible, Johor fought and disturbed the Portuguese in their 130-year rule and thus became an opponent for control of the Strait of Malacca .

The history of the first hundred years is marked by a series of quarrels for the succession to the throne and strategic alliances with regional clans and foreign powers to keep political and economic weight in the strait. Competing with Aceh , in northern Sumatra and Malacca under Portuguese rule, Johor found himself in a constant state of war with his rivals and forged alliances with friendly Malay states and of course with the Dutch . The Dutch defeated Malacca along with Johor in 1641. Until 1660, the area flourished as a trading center where traders did not have to pay customs duties.

In the late 17th and early 18th centuries the influence of Johors and the Bugis from Sulawesi diminished and the Minangkabau from Sumatra were the dominant political power in the Johor Riau Empire.

In 1819 the empire broke into two parts. The mainland was controlled by Temenggong and the Sultanate of Linga by the Bugis. It was during this period that the modern history of Johor began. In 1885 the Sultan Abu Bakar signed a friendship treaty with Great Britain . In 1914 the country became a protectorate and part of the Unfederated Malay States .

See also: List of Sultans of Johor .

Administrative districts

Map of the districts of Johors (until the end of 2007)

Administratively, Johor was divided into eight districts by the end of 2007. In 2008 the districts of Ledang and Kulaijaya were added.

District Area
(2011) 		Population
(2010)
Batu Pahat 1,878 km² 417,458
Johor Bahru 1,066 km² 1,386,569
Kluang 2,852 km² 298,332
Kota Tinggi 3,484 km² 193.210
Kulai 756 km² 251,650
Ledang 977 km² 136,852
Mersing 2,839 km² 70,894
Muar 1,393 km² 247,957
Pontian 920 km² 155,541
Segamat 2,851 km² 189,820
total 19,016 km² 3,348,283

Culture

Since its inception, the Sultanate experienced a strong cultural influence of Arab traders and Islamic scholars, many of them from the Yemeni region of Hadramaut came. This influence, partly mixed with Indian elements, can be seen in the Johor characteristic dance forms Zapin and Hamdolok , which are performed at family celebrations and religious festivals. The dance performances are accompanied by orchestras whose leading melodic instrument, the gambus lute , also comes from the Arab world.

sons and daughters of the town

Web links

Commons : Johor  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Statistics Yearbook Malaysia 2011: Tables. (PDF; 2.64 MB) Department of Statistics Malaysia, December 14, 2012, accessed on October 8, 2013 (Malay, English; page 1, PDF page 1).
  2. ↑ a b Statistics Yearbook Malaysia 2011: Tables. (PDF; 2.64 MB) Department of Statistics Malaysia, December 14, 2012, accessed on October 8, 2013 (Malay, English; page 16, PDF page 15).

Coordinates: 1 ° 29 '  N , 103 ° 47'  E