Joseph von Hormayr

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Josef Freiherr von Hormayr, lithograph by Ignaz Fertig around 1850

Josef Freiherr von Hormayr (born January 20, 1781 or 1782 , or November 20, 1781 in Innsbruck , † November 5, 1848 in Munich ) was an Austrian lawyer , historian , writer , politician and freedom fighter .

Life

Hormayr came from a noble Tyrolean family. His grandfather Joseph von Hormayr (1705–1779) was a Tyrolean chancellor and legal scholar who, as early as 1724, was one of the first in Regensburg to publicly advocate the abolition of torture , the belief in witches and the confiscation of goods . Following the example of his grandfather, he studied law (in Innsbruck). He was considered a child prodigy. In 1796 he completed his legal studies at the age of only 15 and joined the court service at the city and regional court in Innsbruck as a “concept intern” . From 1799 to 1801 he did military service in the Tyrolean Landwehr . In 1801 Hormayr met the historian Johannes von Müller , who was already famous in his day . On his advice he went to Vienna in the same year and received a post in the Foreign Ministry. First he worked as a "court concipist" , from 1802 as court secretary in the state chancellery, in April 1808 he became "real director of the secret state, court and house archives" , in 1809 "real councilor" and in August 1816 "historiographer of the imperial house" . In 1805 he accompanied Prince Johann I Josef von Liechtenstein to the Peace Congress in Pressburg .

In Vienna he published the "Austrian Plutarch" from 1807 , in which he described the lives and portraits of all the rulers of the Austrian imperial state in 20 volumes.

Hormayr was the initiator and leader of the Alpine League , to which his patron Archduke Johann belonged and whose goal was a center of resistance against Napoleon and the unpopular Bavarian rule. In agreement with Archduke Johann, who had exactly the same birthday and to whom he was deeply connected, he prepared the Tyrolean uprising in 1809 , which he took over as court commissioner alongside Andreas Hofer . During this time he was accepted into Joseph von Giovanelli's house.

After returning to his old sphere of activity in Vienna , he was arrested in 1813 at the instigation of Metternich for preparing another uprising in Tyrol and held in Munkács for 13 months . He was only partially rehabilitated. Metternich saw Hormayr and the other prisoners "mercifully after the judicial investigation and counted their imprisonment as a police punishment ." Hormayr's former patriotism turned into hatred. Possibly as reparation, he was appointed historiographer of the empire by Emperor Franz I in 1816 .

In 1827 he followed a call from King Ludwig I of Bavaria to Munich, although a deep rift with Metternich helped determine this decision. In November 1828 he entered the Bavarian service, where he soon held numerous offices. But he could also devote himself extensively to the beloved document research here. He was only released from the Austrian Subject Association in July 1829. In 1832 he became Bavarian Minister Resident in Hanover , and in 1839 in Bremen . In 1847 he returned to Munich as head of the general Reich Archives.

As early as 1801, Hormayr was made a corresponding member of the historical class of the Kgl. Appointed Bavarian Academy of Sciences , excluded in 1809 because of his participation in the Tyrolean uprising against the Napoleonic troops, but was re-accepted as a foreign member in 1817. When he was appointed to Bavaria in 1828, he was made a full member and remained a member of the academy from 1832 until his death. In addition, in 1816 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and in 1829 as a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences .

Hormayr's work comprises around 170 volumes. At first he glorified Austria in many writings in a romantic-conservative tone, but from 1828 he turned against Austria and especially against Metternich, thus preparing a small German view of history . Hormayr also did not shy away from learned forgeries to underpin his historical research, for example in 1832 in connection with Wilten Abbey . In his works “Anemonen” (4 volumes, 1845–47) and “Kaiser Franz und Metternich” (1848) he violently attacked the Austrian regime of Vormärz . He published numerous pamphlets anonymously.

In 1894 the Hormayrgasse in Vienna- Hernals was named after him.

Selected works

  • An attempt at a pragmatic story of the Counts of Andechs, later Dukes of Meran. Innsbruck 1797. (digitized version)
  • Critical diplomatic contributions to the history of Tyrol in the Middle Ages. First volume, section 1–2. Gassler, Vienna 1803, digitized section 1 ; Digitized department 2 .
  • History of the princely Graffschaft Tirol. First part, section 1–2. Cotta, Tübingen 1806–1808, digital copy of department 1 ; Digitized department 2 .
  • Oesterreichischer Plutarch, or life and portraits of all regents and the most famous generals, statesmen, scholars and artists of the Austrian imperial state. 20 volumes. Doll, Vienna 1807-1814.
  • Archive for geography, history, state and war art. Vol. 1, 1810 - Vol. 13, 1822, ZDB -ID 544631-4 ; continued as: Archive for History, Statistics, Literature and Art. Vol. 14, 1823 - Vol. 19, 1828, ZDB -ID 544632-6 ; continued as: New Archive for History, Political Studies, Literature and Art. Vol. 1 = Vol. 20, 1829 - Vol. 2 = Vol. 21, 1830, ZDB -ID 544633-8 .
  • Paperback for the patriotic history. 42 volumes. 1811-1856 / 1857, ZDB ID 547791-8 .
  • Austria and Germany , Gotha, in the Beckersche Buchhandlung 1814
  • The army of Inner-Austria under the orders of Archduke Johann in the war of 1809 in Italy, Tyrol and Hungary. Brockhaus, Leipzig et al. 1817, digitized .
  • History of Andreas Hofer, Sandwirths from Passeyr, Oberanführer of the Tyroler in the war of 1809. Brockhaus, Leipzig et al. 1817, digitized version , (2nd edition as: Das Land Tyrol and the Tyrolean War from 1809. Part 1–2. Ibid. 1845, digitized part 1 ; Digitized part 2 ).
  • General history of recent times, from the death of Frederick the Great to the Second Peace of Paris. 3 volumes. Härter, Vienna 1817–1819, digitized volume 1 , digitized volume 2 , digitized volume 3 .
  • Complete Works. 3 vol., Stuttgart / Tübingen 1820–1822.
  • Vienna, its fortunes and memorabilia. = Vienna's history and its memorabilia. Vol. 1, Vol. 1-5, 1823; Vol. 2, Vol. 1-4, ZDB ID 517249-4 .
  • Small historical writings and memorial speeches. Franz, Munich 1832, digitized .
  • Images of life from the war of liberation. Section 1–3. Friedrich Frommann, Jena 1841–1844.
  • The golden chronicle of Hohenschwangau, the castle of the Guelphs, the Hohenstauffen and the Scheyren. Franz, Munich 1842, digitized .
  • Anemones from the diary of an old pilgrim. 4 volumes. Frommann, Jena, 1845–1847, digitized volume 1 , digitized volume 2 , digitized volume 3 , digitized volume 4 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Joseph von Hormayr  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ according to NDB 1781
  2. ↑ Walter Schärl: The composition of the Bavarian civil service from 1806 to 1918 (= Munich Historical Studies, Department of Bavarian History, Volume 1). Kallmünz Opf. 1955, p. 227
  3. ↑ Alexander Ecker: Law and legal history in the Bavarian Academy of Sciences from 1759 to 1827. Regensburg 2004, p. 152 (Regensburg, University, dissertation, 2004).
  4. ↑ Frauke Abraham: Minimalization. The dissolution of the Habsburg cosmos in 19th century Austrian literature. Konstanz 2000, p. 19 (Konstanz, Universität, Dissertation, 2000).
  5. ↑ quoted from: Frauke Abraham: Minimalisierung. The dissolution of the Habsburg cosmos in 19th century Austrian literature. Konstanz 2000, p. 20, footnote 38 (Konstanz, Universität, Dissertation, 2000).
  6. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 118.
  7. ^ Members of the previous academies. Joseph Freiherr von Hormayr. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed April 7, 2015 .
  8. ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Volume 2: 1140-1200 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2012, ISBN 978-3-7030-0485-8 , p. 53, no. 432 .
predecessor Office successor
vacant Bavarian envoy in Hanover
1832–1838 		vacant
Adolph von Hildebrandt (Consul General) Bavarian envoy to the Hanseatic cities
1838–1847 		-
personal data
SURNAME Hormayr, Joseph von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hormayr, Josef Freiherr von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian historian
DATE OF BIRTH January 20, 1781 or January 20, 1782
PLACE OF BIRTH innsbruck
DATE OF DEATH November 5, 1848
Place of death Munich