Julius Naeher

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Julius Naeher, 1894

Julius Ernst Naeher (born April 1, 1824 in Pforzheim ; † February 18, 1911 in Tolkewitz near Dresden; sometimes Julius Näher ) was a German engineer and local researcher . His publications on castles are still considered standard works today.

education

Julius Naeher was born as the son of Karl Theodor Naeher, factory owner and city councilor in Pforzheim. From 8 to 15 years of age, he attended the education center in Pforzheim. In the late year of 1839 he entered the first grade of the pre-school of the Polytechnic School in Karlsruhe and completed the three general, mathematical classes in 1842. He then attended the three courses at the Polytechnic School. During his student days he was a founding member of the Teutonia fraternity in 1843 . In 1879 he became an honorary boy of the Karlsruhe fraternity Germania , later the Karlsruhe fraternity Arminia and the fraternity Cheruscia Dresden .

On May 14, 1846, Naeher applied for admission to the state examination. The "engineer candidate" was added to the number of "engineering interns" by order of the Higher Directorate of Hydraulic Engineering and Road Construction on June 9, 1847, following a decree of the Grand Ducal Ministry of the Interior on May 22, 1847, after having passed the state examination. The state examination was followed by a six-month stay in Geneva for training in the French language. Naeher heard lectures on physics and chemistry at the academy.

Professional background

In the winter of 1847/1848, Näher worked for the Karlsruhe water and road construction inspection. After the outbreak of the February revolution he found through the mediation of the Grand Ducal Baden War Ministry job in the Fortress Construction Authority in Rastatt , where he of the K. and K. Austrian Colonel General Eberle with the construction of an isolated Vorwerkes the bezel 43 was commissioned.

In May 1849, Naeher and the Austrian troops moved to Lake Constance to await the course of the revolution in Bregenz . Already in June 1849, Naeher returned home, worked in the engineering school's office until August 1849 with the design and drawing of "original sheets", then initially lived in Pforzheim, where the city administration commissioned him to design the Auer Bridge. Au was a suburb of Pforzheim.

In March 1852, Naeher, again accepted into the civil service, was active in various water and road construction inspections, for example in Baden-Baden , Bruchsal , Freiburg , Heidelberg , Lörrach , Mannheim , Stockach and Wertheim . While he was a member of the Wertheim Inspection, Naeher applied for a job at the Grand Ducal Directorate of the Transport Authority, without notifying the head office of the water and road construction company, because he wanted to get to know the operation of railways. Naeher remained with the administration of the transport authorities until the end of 1853. From February 1854 on, he worked again in the area of ​​the head office of water and road construction.

With effect from October 1, 1858, Naeher was appointed construction manager , district trainee, and on August 9, he was appointed engineer second class. In 1862 he was appointed first class engineer.

During the war of 1870/1871, Naeher received two responsible assignments: in the summer of 1870 he was deployed together with a colleague in the construction of the Graben-Germersheim railway line, and in the autumn of 1870 again with his colleague from the Rastatt Inspectorate for use in restoring and maintaining the roads and railways in Lower Alsace. In recognition of the work carried out in Alsace , Naeher was awarded the Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion by the highest resolution of June 12, 1871 . From 1874 to 1875 he was in charge of road construction from Langensteinbach via Mutschelbach to Kleinsteinbach; During this time he lived in the “Grüner Baum” inn, which still exists today.

In May 1878, Naeher was granted a leave of several months, which he had requested to visit at the invitation of his brother-in-law, the Baron von Bandeira in Bahia , Brazil . During his vacation, Naeher promised in a letter to Privy Councilor Muth: “Thank God I have always been healthy, but now the heat, as summer time begins here, is terrible. Incidentally, as you will see for yourself, I made very useful use of the time by recording 150 drawings of plants, trees and fruits, etc., which our gentlemen will be very interested in and which are very valuable. Here it is really only the vegetation that is admirable. "

On December 9, 1878, Naeher returned from the journey he had set out on June 19. The 150 drawings he had brought with them were presented to the senior management in the report of December 10, 1878. The previously lost results of the trip must have been so remarkable that they brought them closer to being an honorary member of the Museum für Völkerkunde in Leipzig . Three years later he published the impressions and memories of his trip in the book "Land and people in the Brazilian province of Bahia".

With the highest state ministerial resolution of October 28, 1881, the Grand Duke awarded the engineer I Class Naeher the title of " Inspector " at the Technical Office of the Higher Directorate of Water and Road Construction .

Naher was retired by the Grand Ducal resolution of November 28, 1884. After leaving the civil service, Naeher first moved to Strasbourg in 1885 . In the winter of 1885/1886 he stayed in Lausanne “to restore his health” . During this stay he made the studies for his work on the Castle de La Sarraz , which appeared in print in Lausanne in 1886. How long Nah lived in Strasbourg is not known. From 1890 to 1895 he lived in Heidelberg . Then he moved to Dresden , where he lived until his death.

Castle research

Strahlenburg 1891
Ortenberg Castle 1905

In his life, Naeher has dealt extensively with visiting, recording and working on castles and monuments in his closer and wider homeland. The Palatinate and Rheinhessen , parts of Württemberg and Hesse , German-speaking Switzerland and (after 1870/1871) Alsace-Lorraine and Romanesque Switzerland were soon added . In the following decades after his retirement, he delivered small, richly illustrated publications of all these castle landscapes in the style and manner typical for him, which after an introduction consist of object texts and a panel part of lithographs or woodcuts , in which usually each Castle appears in plan and view based on his own photographs. Often several castles and monuments are summarized on one sheet. The image reproductions are usually enriched by the inclusion of various details, be it certain components in an enlarged representation, be it notches or cast bay windows, masonry photos or stone carving marks, coats of arms or inscriptions.

In addition to the numerous depictions of castles, which are obligatory for the central Baden and bordering landscapes, there are primarily three main works that are informative for the development of castle history and that are characteristic of Naeher's way of thinking and working:

  • The German castle, its formation and its essence, especially in southern Germany . Berlin 1885.
  • The military architecture of the knight's castles of the feudal period . In: Süddeutsche Bauzeitung. Dachau 1893
  • The castle lore for the southwest German area . Munich 1901 (Unchanged reprint from 1979: ISBN 3-8035-1007-4 )

In these works, which are consistently narrow volumes, a sum of Naeher's castle studies appears, based on the numerous individual representations. Naeher has made more than 75 publications in total. Some of these are listed in the next section.

A street in Pforzheim is named after Julius Naeher . The Pforzheim city ​​archive has the printed works of Naehers as well as some original drawings.

Publications (selection)

  • Country and people in the Brazilian province of Bahia . Gustav Weigel, Leipzig 1881.
  • With Karl Christ: The first Germanic defense structures on the Upper Rhine . In: Bonner Jahrbücher. Vol. 74, 1882.
  • The Roman structures in the Zehntlanden (Baden Antheiles) in particular: The villa complex with appendix about the excavation of the villa in Altstatt near Meßkirch . Macklot, Karlsruhe 1883.
  • The area around the royal seat of Karlsruhe: A contribution to patriotic studies with 47 original photos in 8 memorial sheets and a map of the area around Karlsruhe . Gutsch, Karlsruhe 1884.
  • With Heinrich Maurer : The old Baden castles and palaces of the Breisgau: Contributions to regional studies . Emmendingen 1884; Reprint: W. Abel, Freiburg im Breisgau 1981, ISBN 3-9800253-3-0 .
  • The castles, palaces and cities of the upper Kraichgau: A contribution to regional studies . Gutsch, Karlsruhe 1885.
  • The German castle, its formation and its essence, especially in southern Germany . Toeche, Berlin 1885.
  • The castles in Alsace-Lorraine: A contribution to the knowledge of the military architecture of the Middle Ages . Noiriel, Strasbourg 1886.
  • The castles of the Rhenish Palatinate: A contribution to regional studies and medieval war architecture containing 14 panels with 40 castles based on the author's self-photographs . Strasbourg 1887; Reprint: Self-published, Kaiserslautern 2001, ISBN 3-9802284-8-7 .
  • The Roman military roads and trade routes in Switzerland and southwest Germany . Self-published, Strasbourg 1887.
  • The monuments of the lower Neckar region and the Odenwald: photo, autograph and description . Groos, Heidelberg 1891.
  • The military-architectural layout of the knight's castles of the feudal period, in particular the representation of the various types of construction among the Swabians, Franks, Normans, Burgundians and Lombards . Mondrion, Dachau 1893 (from: Süddeutsche Bauzeitung ).
  • Castle and city of Pforzheim before the destruction in 1688: With basic plan . Rings, Pforzheim 1895.
  • The castle lore for the southwest German area . Süddeutsche Verlagsanstalt, Munich 1901; Reprint: Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1979, ISBN 3-8035-1007-4 .

literature

  • Dr. Cathiau: Julius closer. In: Badisches Museum. Supplement to the Badische Landeszeitung No. 43, May 1911.
  • Hermann Ernst Maier: Julius Naeher, a pioneer of practical local history. In: The pyramid. Weekly for the Karlsruher Tagblatt. Vol. 29, July 19, 1936, pp. 113-115. Digitized version of the Baden State Library
  • CA Hoffmann: A Surprising Discovery (Julius Naeher IV). In: Karlsruhe Burschenschaft Teutonia . News bulletin no. 2/1968, 3/1968, 1/1969, 2/1969 and 2/1971.
  • Bibliography of the history of Baden. Volume 9 (Reg. Volume). Stuttgart 1984, p. 184 and passim.
  • Dankwart Leistikow: Julius Ernst Naeher (1824-1911), the castle researcher of southwest Germany. In: Research on castles and palaces. Volume 1. Deutscher Kunstverlag , Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-422-06136-3 , pp. 169-187.
  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume II: Artists. Winter, Heidelberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-8253-6813-5 , pp. 514-515.

Web links

Commons : Julius Naeher  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Julius Naeher  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Julius Naeher - An engineer of the Grand Duke Friedrich in Langensteinbach. Exhibition on the day of the open monument. Förderverein Haus Conrath eV, July 22, 2019, accessed on May 7, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Closer, Julius
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Closer, Julius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German engineer and local researcher
DATE OF BIRTH April 1, 1824
PLACE OF BIRTH Pforzheim
DATE OF DEATH February 18, 1911
Place of death Tolkewitz