Kaunitz (entire house)

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Coat of arms of those of Kaunitz

Kaunitz was a medieval aristocratic family from Bohemia and Moravia that had split into several branches by the end of the 12th century. Although these branches were given their own names, in addition to their tribal at least originally they were also characterized by an identity of coats of arms and some of them existed until modern times. The name of the family is derived from the name of the town Dolní Kounice (German: Kanitz ) near Brno . The Bohemian and Moravian branches have all died out in the male line; the only branch that continues to flourish in the 21st century is the Silesian noble family Stosch .

General

The branches are the actual noble family Kaunitz , the Silesian noble family Stosch as well as the Bohemian noble families Martinic , Talmberg , Augezdecz , Černčický von Kácov , Richnowsky von Reichenau and Choustnik . With the exception of the latter branch, they had very similar coats of arms, which went back to the so-called water lily coat of arms, sometimes also referred to in the literature as the Leken coat of arms (Czech: Leknín , water lily). They are heraldic water lilies . The common feature of these coats of arms was the two silver water lily plants with heart-shaped leaves on a red shield , which were bent towards each other at the top and either crossed or rooted together at the bottom.

Despite their names, which had been different for centuries, and which were derived from the various goods owned, the relationship between the sexes was known. In the Bohemian lordship order of 1501, the six families Kaunitz, Martinic, Talmberg, Augezdez, Černčický von Kácov and Richnow von Reichenau were listed together in position 28 of the 30 oldest families of the Bohemian lordship (the von Stosch were not resident in Bohemia at that time; the Choustnik were already extinguished.).

According to the historian František Palacký , no common ancestor can be found. Sezima is seen as an early representative, who is named as Chief Chamberlain in 1165. According to legend, the members of the Kaunitz family came from the Vršovci , although most of them were wiped out in 1108. Palacký derived the name of the entire house from that of the Kaunitz family because it was the only Bohemian-Moravian branch of the entire house that still flourished in the male line during Palacký's lifetime and because among other things, Otto Stosch von Kaunitz, mentioned in 1181 and 1183 in the first mention of the house Dolní Kounice called Wilhelm von Kaunitz, a grandson of Sezima, and early ancestors and representatives of the entire house also carried this name. Apparently a part of the common descendants of Otto Stosch von Kaunitz with the Gutta von Dürnholz also took their name Dürnholz .

In the male line, the Choustnik went out in 1410, the Černčický von Kácov at the beginning of the 17th century, the Richnowsky von Reichenau in 1690, the von Talmberg in 1735, the von Martinic in 1789 and the von Kaunitz in 1919. Since then the von Stosch have been the only flourishing branch of the former Kaunitz house, even if the names Martinic and Kaunitz in the form of Clam-Martinic and Wrbna-Kaunitz continue to exist or existed due to associations of names and coats of arms according to female inheritance .

  • Coat of arms of those of Stosch

  • Coat of arms of those of Martinic

  • Coat of arms of those of Talmberg

Descended sexes

Kaunitz

A bearer of this name was mentioned in 1183 with Wilhelm von Kaunitz (also: Wilhelm von Pollau, Pulin von Dürnholz ) when the Rosa Coeli monastery was founded in the Moravian Dolní Kounice , really safe lineage of the Kaunitz family (Czech: Kounicové, páni z Kounic ) has only existed since the 15th century. At the beginning of the 17th century the family was divided into a Bohemian and a Moravian line. The latter rose through the marriage of Maria Ernestine Francisca von Rietberg , the last Countess von Rietberg from the house of Cirksena , to Maximilian Ulrich von Kaunitz in 1699 into the high nobility; from the name and coat of arms association made in the process, the current gender name Kaunitz-Rietberg resulted. Their son Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz-Rietberg received the title of imperial prince for himself and his descendants in 1764. His third son, as the nephew of Johann Adam von Questenberg's wife, was his heir and, as a result of a name and coat of arms association, called himself Dominik Andreas von Kaunitz-Rietberg-Questenberg from 1761 . When his son Aloys, the last Count of Rietberg, died in 1848, the Moravian (princely) line in the male line initially died out. Aloys' oldest sister, who had married Rudolf Johann Wenzel von Wrbna and Freudenthal, had inherited claims to the noble family Würben . After lengthy inheritance disputes, Rudolf Johann Wenzel's grandson Rudolf Christian Graf Wrbna and Freudenthal († 1927) first obtained the entails of Kaunitz in 1897 and, in the following year, the name and coat of arms association for himself and his descendants as Wrbna-Kaunitz-Rietberg-Questenberg and Freudenthal. Only in this family lived on (until the death of Alfons and Josefine Wrbna-Kaunitz at the end of 1973) at least the name Kaunitz, after the Bohemian lineage and thus the entire noble family Kaunitz with the death of Count Eugen, a brother of Wenzel Robert von Kaunitz , had expired in the male line in 1919.

Stosch

The ancestor of the noble family Stosch (Czech: Stošové ) is said to have been Otto Graf Stosch von Kaunitz, who appeared in 1181 as crown field lord of the united Poles and Silesians. The genealogical manual of the nobility begins the uninterrupted line of tribe of the family with Leonardus, who was first mentioned in 1250. As early as the 13th century there were three lines, one in Upper Silesia and two in Lower Silesia . They split up into different branch lines and houses. From the house of Kleinwirsewitz, Caspar von Stosch received the Bohemian baron class in 1701 and the cousins ​​Caspar Anton Bernhard and Rudolf von Stosch the Prussian baron class in 1840. In the meantime, Hans Gottlieb von Stosch was raised from the Hartau family to the Prussian count in 1798. After Albrecht Graf von Stosch had adopted Baron Joachim von Tettau, he was officially allowed to use the name Graf von Stosch Freiherr von Tettau (Stosch von Tettau) from 1936. Family members of von Stosch from the recent past and present are the opera singer Anny von Stosch and the television journalist Simone von Stosch .

Martinic

The aristocratic family Martinic (also: Borsita von Martinitz, Czech: Martinicové, páni Bořitové z Martinic ) got its name after the castle Martinice in southern Central Bohemia. A well-known descendant is Jaroslav Borsita von Martinic (1582–1649), one of the victims in the Prague window lintel of 1618 , which marked the beginning of the Thirty Years War . Jaroslav Borsita von Martinic achieved elevation to the rank of imperial count for himself and his family in 1621. The sex died out in the male line with the death of Count Franz Karl von Martinitz (1733–1789). His daughter Maria Anna Countess Borita von Martinitz (* 1768) was Fideikommisserbin and the last offspring of the old generation and married in 1791 with Carl Joseph Graf von Clam (1760-1826). This resulted in the name and coat of arms association under the name Clam-Martinic , in which at least the name Martinic still lives on in the 21st century.

Talmberg

The noble family Talmberg (also: Thalenberg, Czech: Talmberkové, páni z Talmberka ) is named after the Talmberk castle in Central Bohemia. The progenitor of the noble family is Hroznata von Husic / Aucicz (Czech: Hroznata z Užic , after the East Bohemian town of Auschitz, today Úžice u Kutné Hory ), who was named Burgrave of Prague at the end of the 13th century and had a son named Ernst von Talmberg would have. The secured trunk line begins a century later with Diwiš Jankowsky von Talmberg. The family provided burgraves and bishops, including Johann Franz Christoph von Talmberg . It was divided into several lines, one of which owned the place Jankov from 1418 to 1702 and resided at the local fortress. The last line and with it the entire sex died out in the male line in 1735. .

Augezdecz

The noble family Augezdecz (Czech: páni z Újezdce ) was named after the non-preserved Ugezdez castle in the Ujezd district of Albrechtice nad Vltavou in South Bohemia , owned by the family from the early 14th century until 1491. As with the Talmberg, the Prague burgrave Hroznata von Husic is also the progenitor of the Augezdecz, whose son Zawiš received the said South Bohemian castle. He was Bohemia's Chamberlain from 1327 to 1333. During the lifetime of the chronicler Melchior Friedrich von Stosch in the early 18th century, there were still several representatives of the Augezdetz family.

Černčický from Kácov

The name of this family (also: Czernczitzky / Czerncziczky von Kacowa / Katzowa, Czech: Černčičtí z Kácova ) is derived from the East Bohemian towns of Černčice , Okres Náchod , and Kácov , Okres Kutná Hora . The first known bearer of the name was Ješek von Černčice, Lord von Kácov, who was mentioned in a document from 1365. Johann Černčický von Kácov founded the town of Nové Město nad Metují in 1501 . The family had various possessions in Eastern Bohemia and Moravia in the 16th century and probably died out in the male line at the beginning of the 17th century with the death of Bernhard Černčický von Kácov.

Richnowsky von Reichenau

The noble family Richnowsky von Reichenau (Czech: Rychnovští z Rychnova, páni z Rychnova ) derived its name from the East Bohemian town of Rychnov nad Kněžnou (German: Reichenau). In a document from the later Bohemian King Přemysl Otakar II , a "Hermanus de Richenawe" can be found in 1258, although it was probably about Hermann von Dürnholz . In the 14th and early 15th centuries, members of the Richnowsky von Reichenau family were named several times, although the family lost wealth and prestige in the Hussite Wars . The town of Reichenau remained in family ownership until it was sold to Wilhelm II von Pernstein in 1497. From 1547, members of the family were named as the owners of Gut Ketzelsdorf (Kocléřov, municipality of Vítězná ), in 1654 it belonged to Jaroslaus Albrecht Hynek Rychnowsky von Reichenau.The family is known in 1690 with the death of Friedrich Jaroslaus Richnowsky von Reichenau, the last known next to his brother Albrecht Ignaz Representative of the sex was extinguished in the male line.

Choustnik

The historian František Palacký also referred to the Lords of Choustnik (Czech: páni z Choustníka ) as a branch of the Kaunitz House as a whole, which, however, was the only one of the branches mentioned here to deny its membership of the House as a whole by adopting a new coat of arms. In fact, among the Kaunitz branches, only the Choustnik family has a different coat of arms: a golden ladder on a blue background. King Vladislav II is said to have given this coat of arms after a Choustnik ancestor had first climbed the city wall when he stormed Milan in 1158. The male line, which died out in 1410, was named after the Choustník castle in southern Bohemia.

literature

  • Melchior Friedrich von Stosch: Genealogia of the Hoch-Gräflich Freyherrlich- and Hoch-Adelichen family of those von Stosch. JJ Korn, Leipzig / Breslau 1736 ( digitized, volume 1 on Google Books ; volumes 1 and 2 in the Śląska Biblioteka Cyfrowa in Katowice).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Roman von Procházka : The constitutional position and cultural-political significance of the historical Bohemian gentry. In: Bohemia. Journal of the history and culture of the Czech lands . Volume 22, 1981, p. 114 (digitized version) .
  2. ^ A b Franz Vlasák: The old Bohemian nobility and their descendants after the Thirty Years' War. Stýblo, Prague 1866, p. 61 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ a b František Palacký : Bohemia under the House of Luxenburg, until the death of Emperor Charles IV, years 1306 to 1378. Volume II, Department II, Prague 1842, p. 14 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ January Županič: Vznik rodu Wrbna-Kaunitz. Skrytá historie šlechtického rodu. In: Jiří Malíř, Martin Rája: JUDr. Václav Kounic a jeho doba. Brno 2009, pp. 237-257. ISBN 978-80-86488-61-5 ( PDF ).
  5. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . IX. Volume, Friedrich Voigt, Leipzig 1870, p. 66 ( digitized version ).
  6. ^ Franz Alexander Heber : Bohemia's castles, forts and mountain castles. Volume II, Prague 1844, pp. 233f. ( Digitized version ).
  7. ^ Franz Alexander Heber : Bohemia's castles, forts and mountain castles. VI. Volume, Prague 1848, pp. 236f. ( Digitized version ).
  8. ↑ a b Melchior Friedrich von Stosch: Genealogia of the Hoch-Gräflich Freyherrlich- and Hoch-Adelichen family of those von Stosch. JJ Korn, Leipzig / Breslau 1736, p. 40f. ( Digitized version ).
  9. ^ Christoph Kuffner (ed.): AG Meißner's all works. Volume 35, Vienna 1814, p. 242 ( digitized 1 , digitized 2 ).
  10. ^ A b Rudolf Johann von Meraviglia-Crivelli : The Bohemian nobility. In: Siebmacher's Wappenbuch . Volume IV, Section 9, Bauer & Raspe, Nuremberg 1886, p. 253 ( PDF ).
  11. ^ Franz Xaver Kuhn: The Riesengebirge and its foreland at the time of recatholization. In: Communications from the Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia. , Vol. 70, 1932, p. 55 ( copy by Peter Schulz, 2002 ).