Fortified church Markt Herrnsheim

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Gaden in the church castle Markt Herrnsheim

The church castle Markt Herrnsheim comprises the fortified areas of the churchyard around the simultaneous church of St. Martin in the town of Markt Herrnsheim in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen .

location

The fortified church is located north of State Road 2419, which serves as a through-town. Unlike in many other places in the area, the fortified church forms the end of the village and is not surrounded on all sides by houses. This also has to do with the fact that Herrnsheim is a street village . The fortification is almost rectangular and is dominated by the Martinskirche in the center.

history

In general, the fortified churches go back to the threats in the Middle Ages . While cities and richer villages surrounded each other with a curtain wall, poorer communities only fortified the churchyard, which previously served as a cemetery . The church in Markt Herrnsheim was built in the 12th century and became a parish church in the 14th century. The fortifications were probably already in place in front of the parish church because the choir had to be rounded off at one point to fit into the gap.

The fortified church probably got its current dimensions in the 16th century, so the wood lintel over one of the gated doors dates back to 1517. At the beginning of the 18th century the parish extended the nave of the church. The surrounding Gaden remained untouched, so that the church is now oversized in the wall. This is how the typical narrow space in the middle of the castle was created. The fortified church in Markt Herrnsheim is classified as an architectural monument .

description

The portal communicates inside the fortified church

church

The simultaneous church of St. Martin forms the center of the fortified church. It is considered one of the older churches in the area and became an independent parish as early as 1328. The church is dominated by the three-storey tower, which dates back to the Romanesque period. The tower was also a vantage point to spot attackers from a distance. The furnishings of the church go back to different centuries.

Gaden and walls

The Herrnsheim fortified church is surrounded by a broken stone wall from the 13th century. The wall height is 3 to 6 m. A post-Gothic pointed arched gate leads into the complex from the south . Inside, Kirchgaden are built onto the wall. The single-storey houses served as storage cellars and were inhabited by the villagers in an emergency. The Gaden has a cellar on three sides . In addition, small sandstone houses with arched doors were built inside, some of which date back to the 16th century.

It is particularly noteworthy that the gable roof of the nave of the church protrudes over the wall at the northeast corner . Console stones were attached there to stabilize the building. This measure probably goes back to the 18th century, when the church was expanded without wanting to destroy the fortifications. This is how the aisle-like open space with very narrow areas was created.

See also

literature

  • Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria I: Franconia . Munich and Berlin 1999.
  • Theobald Kinkelin, Richard Schmitt: Herrnsheim . In: Harmut Preß (ed.): Dekanat Markt Einersheim. Evangelical parishes in the Steigerwald . Erlangen 1978. pp. 37-39.
  • Karl Kolb: Fortified churches and fortified churches in Franconia . Wuerzburg 1977.
  • Ursula Pfistermeister: Defensive Franconia. Castles, fortified churches, city walls. Volume 2: around Würzburg . Nuremberg 2001.

Web links

Commons : Kirchenburg (Markt Herrnsheim)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 137.
  2. ^ Pfistermeister, Ursula: Wehrhaftes Franken . P. 52.
  3. ↑ Kinkelin, Theobald (among others): Herrnsheim . P. 39.
  4. ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 137.
  5. ^ Kolb, Karl: Fortified churches and fortified churches in Franconia . P. 134.

Coordinates: 49 ° 39 ′ 35.6 "  N , 10 ° 14 ′ 33.3"  E