Fortified church in Nenzenheim

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Gadenhäuser in the fortified church

The fortified church in Nenzenheim encompasses the fortified areas of the churchyard around the Protestant parish church in the town of Nenzenheim in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen .

location

The fortified church is located on the southwestern outskirts and stretches along between Krassolzheimer Straße 22 and Friedhofstraße. The facility is almost rectangular. The center is the Evangelical Lutheran parish church , the choir of which is oriented to the southwest. The local cemetery , which was originally located inside the fortification , is immediately adjacent to the fortified church. The fortified church takes up an area of ​​about 1291 m².

history

The fortified church was mentioned for the first time in 1370. At that time, a certain honest man appeared in the fief book of Gerlach von Hohenlohe who owned a “house in the Kirchhoff”. In general, the fortified churches go back to the military threats in the Middle Ages . While cities and richer villages surrounded each other with a curtain wall , poorer communities only fortified the churchyard, which previously served as a cemetery.

The buildings still preserved today probably go back to the 16th century. The year 1544 can be found above the gatehouse . This gatehouse was changed again after the Thirty Years' War , probably because the armed conflict had affected parts of the complex. Today's half-timbered upper floor was built in the 18th century. In the 17th century at the latest, the fortified church lost its military significance and the town hall was housed in the gatehouse .

The decline culminated in 1910 when the northern parts of the churchyard fortifications were torn down. Instead, the church could now be expanded. The plant suffered again in the last days of the Second World War . American airmen bombed the village. In 1946 the church was rebuilt. Due to a lack of restoration, church houses on the west side collapsed in 1968 and were never rebuilt. The fortified church is now largely renovated and classified as a monument .

description

The gatehouse in front of the Nenzenheim church

church

The center of the fortified church is the Evangelical Lutheran parish church. It has several previous buildings, but its current substance largely dates back to the period after 1945. The church castle is dominated by the tower of the church, which is now again covered with a baroque hood. For a long time, a simpler pyramid helmet shaped the church. Today the choir leads over to the cemetery, as there are no more gaden on the west side.

Gatehouse, walls and alleys

The entrance to the fortified church is dominated in the northeast by a massive gatehouse, which was built in the 16th century. In the following centuries parts were added again and again. So in the 18th century the building was extended with the half-timbered upper floor that is still preserved today . A wooden gate with a slip gate forms the passage . The town hall of Nenzenheim was housed in the gatehouse until it was incorporated into Iphofen .

The complex was originally surrounded by high walls. Even today, meter-thick quarry stone walls have been preserved. The walls with loopholes are up to three meters high. Inside, so-called Kirchgaden , single-storey small houses, in which supplies were originally stored, were added to the walls . Most of them are half-timbered and have a cellar. The cellar necks are barrel vaulted and provided with stone cellar houses. A wine press was still housed in one of the alleys in the 1970s .

See also

literature

  • Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
  • Andreas Brombierstäudl, Hans Seitz: Nenzenheim . In: Hartmut Preß (Ed.): Deanery Markt Einersheim. Evangelical parishes in the Steigerwald . Erlangen 1978. pp. 68-69.
  • Karl Kolb: Fortified churches and fortified churches in Franconia . Wuerzburg 1977.

Web links

Commons : Kirchenburg Nenzenheim  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 138.
  2. ↑ Brombierstäudl, Andreas (among others): Nenzenheim . P. 68.
  3. ^ Kolb, Karl: Fortified churches and fortified churches in Franconia . P. 136.
  4. ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 138.
  5. ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 138.
  6. ^ Kolb, Karl: Fortified churches and fortified churches in Franconia . P. 136.

Coordinates: 49 ° 38 ′ 19.4 ″  N , 10 ° 17 ′ 7.5 ″  E