LaMia flight 2933

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LaMia flight 2933
LaMia P4-LOR at EGPF, Oct 2013.jpg

The crashed plane
Accident summary
Accident type Lack of fuel
place La Unión (Antioquia) , Colombia
ColombiaColombia 
date November 28, 2016, approx. 10:00 p.m. local time (COT)
Fatalities 71
Survivors 6th
Aircraft
Aircraft type Avro RJ85
operator BoliviaBolivia LaMia
Mark CP-2933
Departure airport Viru Viru Airport , Bolivia
BoliviaBolivia 
Destination airport Rionegro Airport , ColombiaColombiaColombia 
Passengers 73
crew 4th
Lists of aviation accidents

Coordinates: 5 ° 58 '40.6 "  N , 75 ° 25' 5.5"  W.

LaMia flight 2933 ( flight number LMI2933 ) was a charter flight of the airline Línea Aérea Mérida Internacional de Aviación (LaMia) from the airport Santa Cruz / Viru Viru ( Bolivia ) to the airport Rionegro ( Colombia ). On November 28 , 2016 , the Avro RJ85 plane crashed shortly before reaching the destination airport. 71 of the 77 aircraft occupants were killed. The passengers included almost the entire soccer team of the Brazilian first division club Chapecoense , which was on its way to the final first leg of the Copa Sudamericana in Colombia.

accident

A machine of the type Avro RJ85 ( aircraft registration CP-2933) was used.

At 2994 km, the flight distance was longer than the fuel- related maximum range of the machine type specified by the manufacturer as 2965 km .

According to the airline, a stopover at the airport Capitán Aníbal Arab , Cobija on the border between Brazil and Bolivia for refueling was omitted because the airport will be closed after sunset.

According to recordings of the last radio messages, the pilots asked the tower for priority for the landing due to lack of fuel, but failed to explain an air emergency until the very end. Therefore, and because the crew of another aircraft had already reported a problem and asked for preferred landing (the pilots of an Airbus A320 from Viva Air Colombia had to cancel the flight to San Andrés ), they did not receive an immediate landing permit, but had to fly two more holding loops . A short time later, twelve kilometers from the airport, the pilots reported that the electrical system had failed and the fuel had been consumed. Then the radio contact broke off.

On November 28, 2016 at around 10:00 p.m. local time (COT) (3:00 UTC , November 29) the plane crashed on El Gordo Mountain, near La Unión , Antioquia Department , Colombia.

crew

The captain was the 36-year-old former military pilot Miguel Alejandro "Micky" Quiroga Murakami. He was trained at the Liceo Militar Teniente Edmundo Andrade (Chuquisaca) and obtained his license at the Colegio Militar de Aviación (COLMILAV). Quiroga Murakami worked in the military until 2013 before joining LaMia and becoming a pilot of LaMia Corporation SRL. He was one of the two owners of LaMia.

The co-pilot was Ovar Goitia.

The 29-year-old trained pilot Sisy Arias was also part of the crew as an observer in training . Arias, who had previously made a career as a model, was interviewed by a TV station right before the flight.

Radio traffic

Aeronautical radio with translation
In the places marked with "(???)" the translation is still wrong or insufficient.
speaker German translation) spanish (original)
LMI2933 Lima Mike India 2933, inbound at flight level 210, require priority on approach. At the moment it shows us a problem with the fuel. Lima Mike India 2933, FL210 en acercamiento y solicitamos prioridad para la aproximación. Al momento se nos ha presentado un problema de combustible.
Air traffic controller Lima Mike India 2933, I took note that you are also requesting a priority approach due to a fuel problem, correct? Lima Mike India 2933, entiendo solicita prioridad para su atterizaje igualmente con problemas de combustible, ¿correcto?
LMI2933 Confirm. Afirmativo.
Air traffic controller Okay, I point out that I will give you the vectors for the localizer and for the approach. That will be done in about 7 minutes. Okay, le advierto entonces que le daré vectores para proceder al localizador y efectuar la aproximación. Será en aproximadamente 7 minutos.
LMI2933 ... with vectors, Lima Mike India 2933. … Para vectores, Lima Mike India 2933.
Air traffic controller
to LAN3020 		LAN Colombia 3020, approved for ILS Z approach runway 01. QNH 30.27, report when you are stable on the localizer. LAN Colombia 3020, autorizado aproximación ILS Z pista 01. QNH 30.27, notifique establecido en el localizador.
LAN3020 Free for approach, LAN Colombia 3020, we will report when we are stabilized on the localizer Autorizado aproximación, LAN Colombia 3020, Ilameremos establecidos en el localizador.
Air traffic controller Lima Mike India 2933, report your course. Lima Mike India 2933, notifique rumbo.
LMI2933 1… 179 on the outbound leg 1… 179 en alejamiento.
Air traffic controller Hold the set course and wait to begin (Descent) - to continue the descent. Mantenga presente rumbo y espere para iniciar - para continuar su descenso.
LMI2933 Maintain the set course and have visual contact with the ground. Mantenemos presente rumbo y estamos visual con el terreno.
AVA9771 Medellin Approach Control, Avianca 9771, is it possible to continue outbound for 5 miles - up to 15 DME? Medellín Aproximacion, Avianca 9771, es posible… continuar nuestro alejamiento hasta la milla… 5 millas más - hasta la milla 15?
Air traffic controller Cons, you have to fly inbound. The other machine is a mile ahead. I have to start the descent for them. She requested landing priority. No, capitán. Necesito que inicie el acercamiento. La aeronave de delante suyo está a una milla. Necesito iniciar el descendo de esa aeronave. Se declaró con prioridad para el aterrizaje.
AVA9771 Roger, we're going to the inbound leg, Avianca 9771. Enterado, pues ahora iniciamos el acercamiento, Avianca 9771.
Air traffic controller Yes please thank you Sí gracias, por favor
LMI2933 Lima Mike India 2933 needs vectors for the inbound leg , Señorita. Lima Mike India 2933 solicita vectores para acercamiento, señorita.
Air traffic controller Wait, I've got a plane underneath that is approaching. And a piste inspection is also taking place. How much time do you have left to land, Lima Mike India? Atento, tengo una aeronave por debajo suyo efectuando la aproximación. Y adicional, están efectuando una revisión de pista. ¿Qué tiempo tiene para permanecer en su aproximación, Lima Mike India?
LMI2933 We have a fuel emergency, señorita. We are now on the final approach. Estamos con emergencia de combustible, señorita. Establecidos en curso final.
LMI2933 Apply for an immediate descent, Lima Mike India 2933. Solicito descenso inmediato, Lima Mike India 2933.
Air traffic controller LAN Colombia 3020, cancellation of the landing permit. Now turn left, course 010. LAN Colombia 3020, cancele la autorización de aproximación. Vire por su izquierda con rumbo 010 ahora.
LAN3020 To the left course 010 and what new altitude? Por la izquierda rumbo 010 y qué nivel mantedríamos?
Air traffic controller Hold 13,000 feet. Mantenga 13000 pies.
LAN3020 13,000, LAN Colombia 3020. 13000, LAN Colombia 3020.
Air traffic controller Lima Mike India 2933, you can now turn right to begin your approach. You have traffic below you for a mile. Lima Mike India 2933, puede usted efectuar el viraje ahora por la derecha para inciar el descenso. Tiene los tránsitos a una milla por debajo de usted.
LMI2933 Have the traffic in sight, that's no problem, and we'll apply for the localizer (???). Tráfico a la vista, no es factor y solicitamos incorporarnos de una vez al localizador.
... co-pilot Extend the landing gear. Gear down.
Air traffic controller Captain, you are at flight level 210. You must go down. You must now turn right to begin the descent. Capitán, usted tiene Fl210. Necesito bajarlo de nivel. Tendría que mantener virar por su derecha para iniciar su descenso.
LMI2933 Negative, Señorita, we have already started the descent and we are going to the localizer. Negativo señorita, estamos ya iniciando el descenso y estamos para el localizador.
Air traffic controller
for AVA9771 		Avianca 9771, immediately turn left, course 270. Avianca 9771, vire de inmediato por su izquierda con rumbo 270.
AVA9771 Turn left course 270, Avianca 9771; can you confirm that the other aircraft has declared an emergency? Virando por la izquierda rumbo 270, Avianca 9771; ¿Me confirma la otra aeronave ya está declarada en emergencia?
Air traffic controller LAN Colombia 3020, now stay on course 090. LAN Colombia 3020, mantenga ahora rumbo 090.
LAN3020 090, LAN Colombia 3020. 090, LAN Colombia 3020.
Air traffic controller Avianca 9356, immediately turn left, course 290. Avianca 9357, de inmediato por la izquierda con rumbo 290.
AVA9356 290 to the left, Avianca 9356. 290 por la izquierda, Avianca 9356
Air traffic controller Lima Mike India 2933, you have traffic ahead of you; 18,000 feet; A320. Lima Mike India 2933, tiene un tránsito delante suyo; 18000 pies; A320.
LMI2933 Already noticed it on the TCAS and we have it above us, Señorita, and we are on the final approach. Notificado en el TCAS y lo tenemos arriba de nosotros, señorita, y estamos en curso final.
Air traffic controller The plane is at 18,000 feet, Captain. It has just turned to the left. There's extra traffic - okay, just cleared 18,500 '. La aeronave está con 18000 pies, capitán. Está el tránsito ahora abandonando por la izquierda. Adicional tiene un tránsito - Okay, ya dejo libre 18500 '.
LMI2933 In sight and we're at 18,000 ', 2933. A la vista y estamos con 18000 ', 2933.
LAN3020 LAN Colombia 3020, how long should we keep this course? LAN Colombia 3020, ¿por cuánto más mantendríamos el rumbo?
Air traffic controller Wait - Lima Mike India 2933, 17.700 ', continue the approach, wet runway. Call us if you need any help on the ground. Atento - Lima Mike India 2933, 17700 ', continúen la aproximación, pista húmeda. Llámenos si require algún servicio en tierra.
LMI2933 We confirm we need help on the ground and are now at 16,000 'for the localizer. ( EICAS in the background) The confirmaremos para el servicio en tierra y estamos a través de 16000 'para el localizador.
Air traffic controller Put the QNH 30.27. Recuerdo QNH 30.27.
LMI2933 30.27. 30.27.
LAN3020 Apply for course to the right, LAN Colombia 3020, due to bad weather. Solicitamos rumbo por la derecha, LAN Colombia 3020, por mal tiempo.
Air traffic controller Approved, LAN Colombia 3020, for a right turn ... is course 200 OK? Autorizado, LAN Colombia 3020, por la derecha con, ¿rumbo 200 le es practicable?
LAN3020 Course 200 ... we are starting to turn and will inform you. Rumbo 200… iniciaríamos el viraje y ya le informamos.
LMI2933 Señorita, Lima Mike India 2933 has a catastrophic failure - complete electrical system and fuel. Señorita, Lima Mike India 2933 está en falla total - eléctrica total y combustible.
Air traffic controller The runway is clear and we are ready, Lima Mike India 2933, the fire brigade has been alerted. Pista libre y esperándole están Lima Mike India 2933, los bomberos alertatos.
LMI2933 Roger, Lima Mike India 2933… vectors! Vectors, Señorita. Vectors to the runway. Copiado, Lima Mike India 2933… vectores! Vectores, señorita. Vectores a la pista.
Air traffic controller The radar signal is gone, I don't have you, now set the course. La señal radar se perdió, no lo tengo, notifique rumbo ahora.
LMI2933 Are currently on course 360 ​​... 360. Estamos con rumbo 360… 360.
Air traffic controller With this course turn left 010 to the localizer, Rionegro VOR - one mile before the VOR . At this point you are ... correct, I confirm, left course 350. Con rumbo, vire por la izquierda 010, procedería al localizador del VOR de Rionegro - una milla delante del VOR. Al momento usted se encuentra… - correcto, le confirmo - por la izquierda rumbo 350.
LMI2933 Left 350. Izquierda 350.
Air traffic controller Yes, correct. You are 0.1 miles before the Rionegro VOR. Sí, correcto. Está a 0.1 milla del BEFORE de Rionegro.
Air traffic controller I can't get your altitude, Lima Mike India. No lo tengo con la altitud, Lima Mike India.
LMI2933 9,000 feet, senorita 9000 pies, señorita.
LMI2933 Vectors! Vectors! Vectores! Vectores!
Air traffic controller You are 8.2 miles from the runway. Located at 8.2 millas de la pista.
Air traffic controller What is your altitude now? ¿Qué altitud tiene ahora?
End of recording

Passengers

Rescue work at the accident site

There were 73 passengers and four crew members on board. Among them were 22 players of the Brazilian football team and first division Chapecoense on the way to the first leg of the final of the Copa Sudamericana at Colombian club Atletico Nacional , various officials of the Association, journalists from TV Globo , Fox Sports Brasil and various television and radio stations and three other passengers. They had traveled from São Paulo on a scheduled flight to Viru Viru Airport; The airline had no approval for an originally planned direct flight from São Paulo to Medellín. A total of 71 people died, including the following players from Chapecoense: Ananias , Matheus Biteco , Canela , Caramelo , Danilo , Dener , Gil , Gimenez , Lucas Gomes , Josimar , Kempes , Filipe Machado , Arthur Maia , Marcelo , Bruno Rangel , Cléber Santana , Sérgio Manoel , Tiaguinho and Thiego . Among the journalists who died was former international Mário Sérgio Pontes de Paiva .

The six survivors are three Chapecoense players ( Jakson Follmann , Neto and Alan Ruschel ), the journalist Rafael Henzel and two members of the crew, who are the flight attendant Ximena Suárez and the flight technician Erwin Tumiri. Originally, at least ten people had initially survived the accident. A few minutes after rescue workers reached the wreck, Miguel Luis, a member of the coaching staff, died. Chapecoense goalkeeper Danilo was recovered seriously injured and taken to hospital. There he was initially still able to contact his wife by phone, but succumbed to his injuries in the subsequent emergency operation a few hours after the crash. The surviving goalkeeper Follmann had his right leg amputated below the knee. Rafael Henzel suffered a chest trauma and broken ribs. It was first reported that Erwin Tumiri, who was only slightly injured, said that he had followed the safety instructions, strapped himself down, put a suitcase between his legs and then took the brace position ; other passengers jumped up and shouted. Tumiri, who is not an employee of the airline LaMia, but was only hired by the airline as an employee of another company, contradicted these reports a few days after the accident. At the time of the crash, he was in the rear of the aircraft. The passengers did not have time to prepare for the crash, because at first they did not even notice that there were problems. The passengers had already been informed that the landing was imminent, that they should take the seated position and buckle up. At no time were the passengers informed of the intention to make an emergency landing. Ximena Suárez, who was also two seats next to Tumiri in the rear of the aircraft at the time of the crash, was only slightly injured. She suffered a broken tibia and fibula in her right leg, a fracture in her neck, and a broken forearm and bruises on her head. She is said to have said that she could only remember the sudden failure of the lights and a subsequent strong descent.

The injured were taken to the San Juan de Dios hospital in La Ceja .

Initially, it was assumed that there were 81 people on board and the report was distributed accordingly in the media. After two days, however, the civil protection agency announced that there were actually only 77 people. Four passengers had not started their booked flight. These four people included Luciano Buligon , the mayor of the city of Chapecó , where the football club concerned is located, and MP Gelson Merisio .

Investigation and Consequences

Altitude and speed
For the last 15 minutes the aircraft was grinding . Contact via " ADS-B " broke off at the orange star . The explosion symbol marks the crash site.

The Unidad Administrativa Especial de Aeronáutica Civil (UAEAC) is responsible for investigating the accident.

Both flight recorders were found undamaged. They were sent to the successor company of the aircraft manufacturer, BAE Systems .

The Bolivian air traffic control authority Directorate General de Aeronautica Civil (DGCA) announced on December 1st that it had revoked the Air Operator Certificate (AOC) of the airline LaMia Bolivia with immediate effect.

On December 6, 2016, the general manager of LaMia airline, Gustavo Vargas Gambóa, was arrested. Two other workers were arrested in Santa Cruz after offices were searched. Vargas Gambóa previously stated that he had terminated his employment with the company three days before the accident. He submitted his letter of termination on November 25, 2016 with an entry stamp, which was also notarized with regard to the time.

While the two employees were released from custody on December 7, 2016, as the suspicion of joint responsibility was not confirmed, Vargas Gambóa remained in custody in the Palmasola prison . According to the Bolivian public prosecutor's office, he is being investigated for manslaughter, among other things . According to press reports, the investigation should also be extended to co-owner Marco Antonio Rocha Venegas. According to a statement by the Bolivian immigration authorities, Rocha left the country a week before the accident for Paraguay and has not yet returned.

In addition, two aircraft of the airline, two Avro RJ 85s , were confiscated by the public prosecutor in a hangar of the Fuerza Aérea Boliviana at Cochabamba airport . On December 9, 2016, the Attorney General of Bolivia announced the findings obtained in the course of the investigation that the airline had offered the charter flights well below the market price. Even before the accident, the airline had to fall back on fuel reserves on seven flights.

The pilot and co-owner Miguel Quiroga had obviously deliberately risked a direct flight for cost reasons and to stay in business with South American soccer teams, despite the lack of fuel. Since this is forbidden, he did not dare to send an emergency call to the airport because it would have jeopardized his pilot's license and his airline.

As it became known on December 18, 2016, Omar Duran, lawyer for the perished co-pilot Fernando Goytia, alleged in an interview with the Bolivian news agency ABI that the pilot Miguel Quiroga did not have the required flight hours when he was awarded his license; this was known to the authorities when the award was made.

The accident also led to personnel consequences at the Directorate General de Aeronautica Civil (DGCA). The DGCA was headed by Gustavo Vargas Villegas, the son of the general manager of LaMia. He was arrested on December 8, 2016.

Preliminary investigation report

According to the ICAO rules (Appendix 13), the investigating authority must publish an interim report one month after the accident. On December 26, 2016, the Colombian Aviation Authority presented the preliminary accident report at a press conference.

  • The main cause was the lack of fuel; The inadequate planning of the flight and the lack of controls by the Bolivian aviation authority contributed to the accident.
  • Events before the crash (times in minutes and seconds before the crash):
    • 10 ': The pilots demand priority for the landing, at the same time the flaps are extended to the first stage. The pilot begins the descent without obtaining permission from air traffic control.
    • 6 ': Engine 3 (in four-engine machines, the third from the left, viewed in the direction of flight) fails.
    • 5 ': The crew continues to extend the landing flaps and extend the landing gear. The crew explains to air traffic control that the fire brigade ("ground services") is not necessary. Engine 2 fails.
    • 3 '45 ": The other engines (1 and 4) fail. The aircraft flies without a power supply because the auxiliary power unit (APU), which can supply electricity, also fails due to a lack of fuel.
    • 2 ': The crew declares an emergency due to a complete breakdown of the power supply.
    • The aircraft hits the ground at 124 knots (230 km / h).
  • The aircraft was overloaded with around 400 kilograms when it took off, but this was not the cause of this accident.
  • The pilots discussed the amount of fuel several times during the flight and whether they should land in Leticia or Bogotá for a refueling stop .
  • After reaching the Colombian border, the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) stopped recording noises and conversations. The reason for this is still unclear.
  • The aircraft had a system that warns the pilots as soon as fuel is available for less than 20 minutes of flight. However, this did not respond.
  • The aircraft was approved up to an altitude of 29,000 feet, but flew higher in disregard of the RVSM rules.

Reactions

The first leg was originally scheduled for November 30, 2016 at the Estadio Atanasio Girardot in Medellín , and the second leg for December 7, 2016 at the Condá Arena in Chapecó . After the accident became known, the final of the Copa Sudamericana was canceled by the South American football association CONMEBOL on November 29, 2016. The Colombian club Atlético Nacional , planned final opponent of Chapecoense, announced immediately after the accident that they would forego the title that was going to be theirs and suggested that the Brazilian team be crowned champions of the Copa Sudamericana. CONMEBOL followed the suggestion and declared Chapecoense the winner of the competition. Atlético Nacional has received a fair play award.

The Brazilian President Michel Temer declared a three-day state mourning.

Media reception

The accident was under the title tragedy of football ( Football Tragedy ) in Episode 9 of Season 19 of Mayday - alarm in the cockpit filmed.

Parallels

The course of the accident is reminiscent of the fuel-shortage of a Boeing 707 of the Colombian Avianca on Avianca flight 052 on January 25, 1990 in New York City, in which the first officer merely requested "priority" instead of an emergency report and did not adequately counter the shortage of fuel the air traffic control had communicated.

The behavior of the crew is reminiscent of the Hapag-Lloyd flight 3378 , in which an A310 had an accident after the captain tried to fly the aircraft from Greece to Germany, contrary to safety regulations, with landing gear problems and the resulting greatly increased kerosene consumption.

Other aviation incidents that occurred as a result of a lack of fuel were:

Aircraft accidents that have affected entire sports teams in the past include:

Web links

Commons : LaMia Flight 2933  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b More than 70 dead in crash - six survivors . In: tagesschau.de . Retrieved November 29, 2016.
  2. ↑ Colômbia anuncia fim do resgate de avião: 71 mortos e seis sobreviventes at globoesporte.globo.com, November 29, 2016 (accessed November 30, 2016).
  3. ↑ a b The fuel range was exhausted to the maximum . In: Welt.de , November 29, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016
  4. ↑ The darkest day of AF Chapecoense . In: FAZ.net , November 29, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016.
  5. ↑ Chapecoense accident: crash because of a computer game? - Video. In: Focus Online . December 3, 2016, accessed October 14, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Heroes Del Acre. WorldAeroData, accessed December 4, 2016 .
  7. ↑ www.aero.de
  8. ↑ www.youtube.com REAL ATC Lamia Avro RJ85 CRASH near Medellin, Colombia
  9. ^ Accident report Avro RJ85 CP-2933 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on December 1, 2016.
  10. ↑ Accident report Avro RJ85 CP-2933 , The Aviation Herald (English), accessed on December 1, 2016.
  11. ^ Perfil de los bolivianos muertos en vuelo de LaMia. (No longer available online.) In: Edehaber. November 29, 2016, archived from the original on December 1, 2016 ; Retrieved November 29, 2016 (Brazilian Portuguese).
  12. ↑ The airline is targeted by the investigators after a plane crash. In: sueddeutsche.de. December 1, 2016, accessed June 14, 2018 .
  13. ↑ dgac.gob.bo
  14. ↑ www.focus.de
  15. ↑ (REAL ATC) Lamia Avro RJ85 CRASH near Medellin, Colombia on YouTube
  16. ↑ Preliminary report on reports.aviation-safety.net (PDF; 1.4 MB), accessed on March 7, 2017.
  17. ↑ Lot 21 periodistas que murieron acompañando a Chapecoense (Spanish) on elcolombiano.com from November 30, 2016, accessed on December 4, 2016
  18. ↑ Advogados estão entre vítimas do acidente aéreo since Chapecoense . In: migalhas.com.br . Retrieved November 30, 2016 (Brazilian Portuguese).
  19. ^ Matthew Weaver: Colombia plane crash: 76 feared dead including members of football team Chapecoense - latest. In: The Guardian. November 29, 2016, accessed November 29, 2016 .
  20. ↑ Plane crash in Colombia: soccer team from Brazil among the 81 people . In: Focus Online , November 29, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016.
  21. ↑ aero.de Flight LMI 2933: Avro RJ85 crashed in Colombia - survivors recovered . In: aero.de / Luftfahrtnachrichten , November 29, 2016, accessed on November 30, 2016.
  22. ↑ www.az-online.de
  23. ↑ Avião da Chape sofre acidente; Danilo, Ruschel e Follmann estão entre sobreviventes. In: Globo. Retrieved November 29, 2016 (Portuguese).
  24. ↑ Dos futbolistas y una azafata, los primeros superviviente del accidente del Chapecoense. In: El Español. Retrieved November 29, 2016 (Spanish).
  25. ↑ Defender miraculously survived the crash . In: Welt Online , November 29, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016.
  26. ↑ Plane crashes in Colombia with Brazilian football team on board. In: The Sun. November 29, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016 (American English).
  27. ↑ Avião que transportava equipe da Chapecoense cai na Colômbia. In: Diário de Pernambuco. November 29, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016 (Brazilian Portuguese).
  28. ↑ ¿Quién es el misterioso niño que ayudó en rescate de avión de Chapecoense? (Spanish) on bluradio.com November 30, 2016, accessed December 4, 2016
  29. ↑ Arquero Danilo llamó a su esposa antes de fallecer en hospital (Spanish) on metroecuador.com.ec of November 29, 2016, accessed on December 4, 2016
  30. ↑ Goleiro Danilo morreu após resgate em voo since Chapecoense. In: O Globo. November 29, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016 (Brazilian Portuguese).
  31. ↑ Amputan una pierna a arquero de Chapecoense sobreviviente de la tragedia. In: La Tercera. November 29, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2016 (Brazilian Portuguese).
  32. ↑ globoesporte.globo.com
  33. ↑ somosinvictos.com
  34. ↑ Sin saber (Spanish) on montevideo.com.uy of December 5, 2016, accessed December 5, 2016
  35. ↑ “Cuando se prendieron las luces de emergencia Ximena presintió que algo pasaba” ( Memento of December 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (Spanish) on eldeber.com.bo of December 6, 2016, accessed on December 9, 2016
  36. ↑ Accidente de Chapecoense: la azafata contó que “las luces se apagaron y hubo un fuerte descenso” (Spanish) on clarin.com of November 30, 2016, accessed on December 6, 2016
  37. ↑ derbund.ch
  38. ↑ Search teams can find Blackboxes , November 30, 2016, Spiegel Online , accessed December 1, 2016.
  39. ^ El accidente de Chapecoense. Los cuatro pasajeros que no subieron al avión: quiénes son y por qué no lo hicieron (Spanish) on lanacion.com.ar of November 30, 2016, accessed on December 4, 2016.
  40. ↑ Do the black boxes solve the crash puzzle? In: Bild.de , November 29, 2016.
  41. ↑ Aviation Office confirms: The accident machine ran out of fuel . In: Free Press , December 1, 2016.
  42. ↑ Crash: LAMIA Bolivia RJ85 near Medellin on Nov 28th 2016, electrical problems, no fuel, impact with terrain . In: Aviation Herald , December 1, 2016 (English).
  43. ^ Accusation of manslaughter: airline boss in custody . In: Weser-Kurier , December 8, 2016.
  44. ↑ Gerente de LaMia dice que renunció tres días antes de la tragedia ( Memento from December 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: eldeber.com.bo , December 6, 2016, accessed on December 9, 2016 (Spanish).
  45. ↑ Liberan a dos funcionarios de LaMia; Fiscalía pedirá la detención de su gerente . In: la-razon.com , December 7, 2016, accessed December 9, 2016 (Spanish).
  46. ↑ Prisión preventiva para el gerente de la Aerolínea boliviana LaMia . In: arecoa.com , December 9, 2016, accessed December 9, 2016 (Spanish).
  47. ↑ El otro socio de LaMia no se encuentra en Bolivia ( Memento from December 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: eldeber.com.bo , December 8, 2016, accessed on December 9, 2016 (Spanish).
  48. ↑ Fiscalía secuestra los dos aviones de LaMia en Cochabamba . In: ostiempos.com , December 7, 2016, accessed December 9, 2016 (Spanish).
  49. ↑ Línea Lamia vuela en Bolivia y dos foráneas alistan incursión ( Memento from December 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: eldeber.com.bo , April 17, 2016, accessed on December 9, 2016 (Spanish).
  50. ↑ Marco Evers: Fear of Mayday. In: Der Spiegel 49 (2016), p. 126 f.
  51. ↑ Serious allegations against the pilot of the crash machine . In: Spiegel Online , December 18, 2016.
  52. ↑ Fiscalía de Bolivia imputa por homicidio culposo al director de Lamia tras la tragedia del Chapecoense . In: bbc.com , December 8, 2016, accessed December 9, 2016 (Spanish).
  53. ↑ Aero Civil presenta informe preliminar del accidente de LAMIA en Antioquia. In: Youtube. Aerocivil Colombia, December 26, 2016, accessed December 26, 2016 (Spanish).
  54. ↑ Crash: LAMIA Bolivia RJ85 near Medellin on Nov 28th 2016, electrical problems, no fuel, impact with terrain. In: Avherald. December 26, 2016, accessed December 26, 2012 .
  55. ↑ 76 fatalities in plane crash in Colombia. In: Deutschlandfunk. November 29, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016 .
  56. ^ Campeon de la sudamericana ( Memento of January 29, 2017 in the Internet Archive ). In: atlnacional.com , November 29, 2016, accessed November 29, 2016 (Spanish).
  57. ↑ CONMEBOL declares Chapecoense the winner of the Sudamericana FIFA.com, 5 December 2016.
  58. ↑ Airplane crash in Colombia: fuel range was exhausted to the maximum. In: The world. November 29, 2016, accessed November 30, 2016 .