Land lordship

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Former official seat of the country lords on the Klingberg: The figures above the portal symbolize agriculture and fishing, the former main economic branches of the country area.

In Mansion machinations property located outside the city walls, however the sovereignty of has been since the 15th century Hamburg Council under standing land area of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg divided. These administrative districts corresponded in their function to the offices or districts of other territorial states and are in a certain sense forerunners of today's Hamburg districts . The layout of the land rulers was changed several times into the 20th century and the land area was gradually incorporated into the city of Hamburg. After the Greater Hamburg Law and the transformation of Hamburg into a unified municipality , the last land lordship was dissolved in 1938.

Landlords in the 15th to 18th centuries

Structure of the Hamburg rural area until 1830:
  • Landherrschaft Bill- and Ochsenwärder
  • Land rule Hamburger Berg
  • Landlordship of Hamm and Horn
  • Dominion of the forest villages
  • St. Johannis Monastery
  • Hospital to the Holy Spirit
  • Hospital St. Georg
  • Office Bergedorf (together with Lübeck)
    • not in the picture: Amt Ritzebüttel (Hamburg exclave at the mouth of the Elbe)

    Since the end of the 13th century, Hamburg had increasingly acquired land outside of the city to protect its trade routes, but also to supply food and timber. To administer this land area, the first land lords were formed in the 15th century (1410), each of which was administered by one or two councilors or senators as landlords :

    In addition to these land lords, there were two other offices that were also administered by a councilor as bailiff :

    In addition, some Hamburg monasteries and hospitals owned extensive property in the vicinity of the city. After the Reformation , this also fell under city control; however, the sovereign sovereignty in these areas was not exercised by the council, but by the senior elders or by the mayors in their capacity as patrons of the respective monastery or hospital.

    Sometimes the offices and ecclesiastical possessions were also referred to as land lords, so that around 1800 there is talk of “eight land lords”.

    Restructuring in the 19th century

    Hamburg rural area after 1830:
  • Suburbs of St. Pauli and St. Georg
  • Land rulership of the Geestlande
  • Landlordship of the Marshlands
  • Office Bergedorf (until 1867 together with Lübeck)
    • not in the picture: Amt Ritzebüttel (Hamburg exclave at the mouth of the Elbe)

    During Hamburg's affiliation to the French Empire (1811 to 1814), the land was divided into six mairies : Barmbek, Eimsbüttel, Eppendorf, Hamm, Langenhorn, Wohltorf.

    After the French withdrew, the old order was first restored. However, at this point in time, criticism had been voiced for a long time, especially on the traditional special position of the spiritual possessions and the resulting fragmentation of the individual areas (with numerous en- and exclaves). After years of negotiations between the council and the citizenship, a fundamental reorganization of the Hamburg rural area came into effect on January 1, 1831:

    • The spiritual areas were abolished and united with parts of the Hamburger Berg, the rulership of Hamm and Horn and the forest villages to form a new rulership of the Geestlande .
    • The previous sovereignty of Bill and Ochenwärder became, with the inclusion of Grasbrook, the sovereignty of the marshland .
    • The suburbs of Hamburger Berg (from 1833 St. Pauli ) and St. Georg (including Stadtdeich and western Hammerbrook) initially formed their own suburbs , but were later placed directly under municipal administration.

    The offices of Bergedorf and Ritzebüttel were initially unaffected by this reorganization because of their status under constitutional law and their isolated location. It was not until 1864 that Ritzebüttel was raised to the rule of Ritzebüttel , as was the previous office of Bergedorf in 1868 , which after the end of the two-city administration now belonged entirely to Hamburg.

    With the rural community order of 1871 , the rural communities were given limited local self-government . At the same time, 15 municipalities close to the city, which have been increasingly urbanized since the closure of the gate , left the rural area and were also placed under municipal administration as suburbs : Rotherbaum, Harvestehude, Eimsbüttel, Eppendorf, Winderhude, Uhlenhorst, Barmbek, Eilbek, Hohenfelde, Borgfelde , Hamm, Horn, Billwerder-Ausschlag, Steinwerder, Kleiner Grasbrook.

    In 1894 all the suburbs and the suburb of St. Pauli were incorporated into Hamburg by law. This increased the urban area from 952 to 7665  hectares and the population from 230,000 to 594,000.

    Merger and dissolution

    Administrative division of Hamburg from 1938/39: city (white) and rural district (turquoise), plus 10 “districts” and 110 “districts”. The latter mostly already correspond to today's districts, while the district structure at least in parts gives an idea of the districts of the post-war period .

    The sustained growth of Hamburg meant that between 1912 and 1923 more and more suburbs were removed from the rural area (including Alsterdorf, Ohlsdorf, Fuhlsbüttel, Langenhorn, Finkenwerder). In 1924 Geesthacht was promoted to town and, like Bergedorf and Cuxhaven, also left the rural area.

    For the shrinking land area, a single land lordship Hamburg was formed on November 19, 1926 , which replaced the four previous land lords. As early as 1878, a joint “bureau” of the land rulers was set up by a resolution of the senate and the citizenship, and the treasury and poor relief tasks were centralized. In 1908, after two years of construction, a joint service building for the landlords was opened in the Kontorhausviertel .

    The land rulership was initially not directly affected by the Greater Hamburg Act , which came into force on April 1, 1937. Only a year later, on April 1, 1938, was Hamburg finally transformed into a unified municipality and the sovereignty dissolved. In their place, a new rural district was formed under the direction of a "rural mayor", but from 1939 there was also a parallel division into districts and districts, which in large parts anticipated the later district division of the post-war period.

    literature

    • Wilhelm Amsinck : records of the senator and landlord Lict. Wilhelm Amsinck on his administration of the land lordship of Bill and Ochsenwärder 1800–1801 , ed. by Johann Friedrich Voigt , Hamburg 1911. ( digitized version )
    • Gustav Bolland: The negotiations on the reorganization of the Hamburg rural area from the French era to 1835 , In: Journal of the Association for Hamburg History 32 (1931), pp. 128-160. ( Digitized version )
    • Adolf Diersen: From the old rulership Hamm and Horn , Hamburg 1961.
    • Dieter Göttsch: The structure of the land rulership Hamm and Horn. A contribution to the legal and social history of the Hamburg Elbmarschen. Diss. Phil. Hamburg 1966.
    • Rainer Postel (arrangement): Hamburg . In: Thomas Klein (Ed.): Outline of German Administrative History 1815-1945 , Series B, Vol. 17. Marburg 1978 ISBN 3-87969-142-8 , pp. 61-135 (here in particular 117-121).

    Web links

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b Gustav Bolland: The negotiations on the reorganization of the Hamburg rural area from the French period to 1835 , In: Zs. Des Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte 32 (1931), pp. 128-160.
    2. ↑ See the annotated inventory of the Hamburg State Archives (PDF; 1.7 MB), inventory 412-5.
    3. ↑ Publicandum concerning the Jurisdictions departments and the administration of the Hamburg suburbs and rural areas of October 22, 1830.
    4. ^ "Law on the unification of the suburb of St. Pauli, the suburbs and what concerns the city" of June 22, 1894, cf. Hans-Dieter Loose : The Hamburg city expansion in 1894. In: Changes 1894–1994. Hamburg-Hamm in the mirror of experienced history (s). Stadtteilarchiv Hamm, Vol. 5, Hamburg 1994, ISBN 3-9803705-2-6 , pp. 7-10 (figures p. 8).
    5. ^ Annual report of the administrative authorities of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg for the year 1878. Section XII: Administration of the rural area. Retrieved January 17, 2018 .
    6. ↑ Holger Martens : Hamburg on the way to the metropolis. From the Greater Hamburg Question to the District Administration Act , Hamburg 2007, pp. 130 ff.