List of offices and bailiffs in Eichsfeld

Historical map of the Eichsfeld from 1793

The list of offices in Eichsfeld describes the local administrative structures of the Electoral Mainz Eichsfeld before it was taken over by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1802.

history

The area of ​​today's Eichsfeld belonged to different Thuringian ( Eichsfeldgau , Germarmark , Wippergau , Ohmfeldgau ) and Saxon ( Mark Duderstadt , Liesgau ) districts in the early Middle Ages . From the 9th century, Kurmainz tried to acquire territorial property in the area between the Werra and the Harz in competition with Thuringian, Guelph and Hessian sovereigns. In the middle of the 16th century, the expansion of the territory was completed and the territorial boundaries established.

The Eichsfeld exclave , which is quite far away from the Mainz central government, was administered from 1123 to 1540 by a Vizedom on the Rusteberg and from 1540 to 1802 by a senior bailiff or governor in Heiligenstadt . The individual offices and courts were subordinate to the Oberamt and at the same time formed a judicial district. The offices are mostly composed of the following people: the magistrate, the magistrate, the actuary, the clerk and the official. Until the 15th century the offices were often pledged or given to noble families, after which civil servants were mostly appointed as ministerials. In addition to the Electorate of Mainz, there were also aristocratic and monastic judicial districts.

After the Kingdom of Prussia finally took possession of the Upper Field (1813) and the Lower Field (1866) , the offices were dissolved and replaced by newly created rural districts.

List of offices and bailiffs

The list contains the electoral offices and bailiffs, as they existed until the end of the 18th century, as well as some larger noble courts and a monastery court. The Electoral Mainz Office of Treffurt , which was administered by the Oberamt in Heiligenstadt, but did not belong to Eichsfeld, was not listed.

Surname	Previous owner	Belonging to Kurmainz since	history	map
Office Rusteberg	not exactly known	9-11 Century. Gradual occupation	First possessions around Heiligenstadt (Vogtamt in the 11th century) 1123 first document at Rusteberg Castle Until 1540, the Rusteberg was the seat of the Vizedome
Gerode Abbey	Counts of Bielstein Counts of Stade	1124
Hanstein Court	Counts of Northeim Welfen	1209	The Lords of Hanstein build the castle Hanstein from 1308 as a hereditary fiefdom new on in the courts Hanstein, Hanstein-Schachtebich and Hanstein Potter was the Hansteinsches Patrimonial overall court in Gerbershausen or Wahlhausen
Office Gleichenstein	Counts of Gleichen from Gleichenstein	1294	The monasteries Zella and Anrode belonged to the office
Office Scharfenstein	Counts of equals	1294	The monasteries Beuren and Reifenstein belonged to the office. In the 15th and 16th centuries the pawn office belonged to the Lords of Wintzingerode
Office Birkenstein	Counts of equals	1294	the office only existed for a short time and was added to the office of Scharfenstein
Office Bischofstein	Gisonen Landgraves of Thuringia Gottschalk von Plesse Dukes of Braunschweig Lords of Hardenberg	1326	Stein Castle was owned by Kurmainz before 1250
Office Gieboldehausen	Count Giso (?) Monastery Gandersheim Braunschweig-Grubenhagen	1342
Duderstadt court	Royal possession 974 Quedlinburg Abbey 1237 Landgraves of Thuringia 1247 Dukes of Braunschweig	1342-1358	The town court also included the surrounding villages of the Mark Duderstadt, which the town had brought into its possession
Office of Worbis	Counts of Lohra Lords of Beichlingen Landgraves of Thuringia	1348-1373	1547 merged with the Harburg office to form the Harburg-Worbis office with its seat in Worbis
Harburg Office	Counts of Stade as a fiefdom to the Counts of Gleichen and Landgraves of Thuringia	1124, 1342-1372	1547 merged with the Worbis office to form the Harburg-Worbis office with its seat in Worbis
Office Greifenstein	unknown	1397	Pledged to Duke Wilhelm of Saxony in 1461, incorporated into the office of Bischofstein from the 17th century
Office Lindau	Lords of Plesse 1322 Bishop Otto von Hildesheim	1434-1521	Gradual acquisition of Lindau Castle and Office
Harburg-Worbis Office		1547	based in Worbis
Bodenstein court	Lords of Bodenstein 1275 Welfen 1293 Counts of Hohnstein 1337–1448 Lords of Wintzingerode	1573	Disputes between Kurmainz and Braunschweig over the feudal sovereignty over the Bodenstein after the death of the last Hohnstein count in 1593
Westernhagen Court	not exactly known Stift Quedlinburg Counts von Lutterberg	14.-18. century	Occupation not known exactly

City Courts

With the granting of city rights in Heiligenstadt (1227), Duderstadt (1247 with 11 villages) and Worbis (1255) they not only received more rights, but also their own jurisdiction, with a city ​​school at the top. He was the municipal representative of the Mainz electors and was appointed by them. In addition, there was the city council with the respective mayor.

Monastery dishes

Other monastic judicial districts existed for the monasteries:

• Anrode for Bebendorf, Bickenriede
• Reifenstein for Hausen, Kallmerode, Kleinbartloff
• Teistungenburg for Böseckendorf
• Zella for Effelder, Struth

Noble courts

In addition to the larger judicial districts mentioned above, there were also numerous smaller aristocratic courts in Eichsfeld:

• von Bodenhausen for Freienhagen, Rohrberg, Streitholz, Schachtebich
• von Bodungen for Martinfeld
• von Bültzingsleben for Bischhagen, Glasehausen, Schönau
• von Hagen , then from Gorizia for Vollenborn
• by Hagen-Deuna for Deuna
• from Hagen-Hüpstedt for Hüpstedt
• by Hanstein-Schachtebich for Schachtebich
• by Hanstein-Töpfer for Lehna, large pottery
• Keudell later from Offirt for Hildebrandshausen
• by Knorr for Neuendorf
• von Linsingen for Birkenfelde, Burgwalde
• von Tastungen , then by Ostein for Bernterode, Kalteneber 1/2, Dieterode 1/2
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen for Gerterode, Deuna 1/2, Orschel 1/2
• von Weyers for Steinheuterode, Volkerode

Other dishes

From 1563 there was a general court for Niederorschel for the lords of Kurmainz, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen and Hagen. Reinholterode was also subject to 3 courts, half of Kalteneber to those of Ostein and the Beuren monastery has half jurisdiction over Wingerode. The Lords of Harstall had half jurisdiction over Diedorf and Katharinenberg.

literature

• Johann Wolf: Political history of the Eichsfeld explained with documents. Goettingen 1793
• Large: General table of all country school teachers in the hereditary principality of Eichsfeld from 1803. In: Unser Eichsfeld 33 (1938), pp. 234–237
• Electoral Mainz Eichsfeld state. in: Kurmainzischer Hof- und Staats-Kalender to the year 1797. Mainz 1797
• Thomas T. Müller: The Reutersche stock book as a source for local history. The income of the Elector of Mainz in Heiligenstadt around 1610. In: Eichsfeld-Jahrbuch 15. Jg. 2007, Verlag Mecke Duderstadt 2007, pp. 75–86
• J. Müller: The administration of justice in the Electoral Mainz office of Harburg-Worbis, a cultural image from the 16th and 17th centuries. In our Eichsfeld. 8th year (1913), Verlag Cordier Heiligenstadt, pp. 65–83
• W. Hucke: The governors of the Eichsfeldischen offices. in: Our Eichsfeld 34 (1939)

Web links

Commons : List of offices in the Eichsfeld  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Josef Keppler: Our beautiful Eichsfeld. Helmut Mecke Duderstadt 2007