List of cardinals created by Alexander III.

Pope Alexander III created at least 35 cardinals during his pontificate (1159–1181) .

Consistories

February 18, 1160

• Milo - cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro, † after July 14, 1161

December 21, 1162

• Manfred von Lavagna - Cardinal Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro, then (September 21, 1173) Cardinal Priest of S. Cecilia and finally (December 17, 1176) Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina , † January 17, 1178

December 17, 1165

• Konrad I von Wittelsbach , Archbishop of Mainz (1161 to 1177 and 1183 to 1200) or Salzburg (1177 to 1183) - Cardinal Priest of S. Marcello, then (March 18, 1166) Cardinal Bishop of Sabina, † October 25, 1200
• Hermann, Vice Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church - Cardinal Deacon of S. Angelo, then (March 18, 1166) Cardinal Priest of S. Susanna, † shortly before November 6, 1166
• Teodino de Arrone - cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Portico, then (March 18, 1166) cardinal priest of S. Vitale, finally (May 1179) cardinal bishop of Porto e S. Rufina, † 1186

March 18, 1166

• Hugo Pierleoni , Canon Regular , Bishop of Piacenza - Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum , † April 21, 1166
• Galdino Valvassi della Sala - Cardinal Priest of S. Sabina, then (April 18, 1166) also Archbishop of Milan, was retired from the College of Cardinals in September 1167, † as Archbishop of Milan April 18, 1176
• Hugo of Bologna - Cardinal Deacon S. Eustachio, † to the end of 1177
• Vitellio, OSBCas. - Cardinal deacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco, † June 19, 1176
• Hieronymus, Augustinian Canons - Cardinal Deacon of S. Maria Nuova, † after May 24, 1167
• Petrus de Bono , Augustinian Canons - cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro, then (September 21, 1173) cardinal priest of S. Susanna, † November 20, 1187

March 21, 1170

• Leonato, OSB, Abbot of S. Clemente a Casauria - cardinal deacon, † March 25, 1182

December 18, 1170

• Odon, O.Cist., Abbot of Ourscamp - Cardinal Bishop of Frascati , † before February 21, 1172
• Lombardo of Piacenza - Cardinal Deacon, then (February 19, 1171) Cardinal Priest of S. Ciriaco, was appointed Archbishop of Benevento (1171 until shortly before March 1179) and as such was retired from the College of Cardinals, † after July 27, 1179

March 2, 1173

• Uguccione Pierleoni - cardinal deacon of S. Angelo, then (September 22, 1178) cardinal priest of S. Clemente, † April 1, 1182

September 21, 1173

• Pietro da Pavia , elected bishop of Meaux (1171 to 1175) - cardinal priest of S. Crisogono, then (May 1179) cardinal bishop of Tusculum and from 1180 also elected archbishop of Bourges, † August 1, 1182
• Laborans - cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Portico, then (September 21, 1179) cardinal priest of S. Maria in Trastevere, † 1189
• Wilhelm, Augustinian canon - cardinal priest of S. Prassede, † after December 20, 1173

March 7, 1175

• Vibiano - cardinal deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere, then (September 19, 1175) cardinal priest of S. Stefano in Monte Celio, † after May 7, 1184

June 6, 1175

• Raniero da Pavia - cardinal deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro, then (December 17, 1182) cardinal priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo, † around 1183

March 3, 1178

• Matteo, Augustinian Canons - Cardinal Deacon of S. Maria Nuova, † 1182
• Graziano da Pisa - cardinal deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano, † 1205
• Pietro - Cardinal Priest of S. Cecilia, † shortly before September 22, 1178

June 2, 1178

• Ardoino da Piacenza , Augustinian Canons - cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata, then (September 22, 1178) cardinal priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme, † January 21, 1183

September 22, 1178

• Giovanni - cardinal deacon of S. Angelo, † around 1181/82
• Bernardo - cardinal deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere, † after August 22, 1179
• Rainier - Cardinal Deacon of S. Adriano, † 1182
• Mathieu d'Anjou - cardinal priest of S. Marcello, † after September 6, 1182

March 1179

• Heinrich von Marcy , O.Cist. , Abbot of Clairvaux Monastery - Cardinal Bishop of Albano , † January 1, 1189
• Wilhelm von Blois , Archbishop of Reims (1176 to 1202) - cardinal priest of S. Sabina, † September 7, 1202
• Bernered, OSB, Abbot of Saint-Crépin-le-Grand de Soissons - Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina , † July 3, 1180

September 21, 1179

• Paolo Scolari - Cardinal Deacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco, later (March 8, 1180) Cardinal Priest of S. Pudenziana, Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina (December 19, 1180) and Pope Clement III. (December 19, 1187 to death in March 1191)

Unknown date

• Johannes, OSB, Abbot of S. Sophia - Cardinal Priest of S. Sisto (first documented September 1168), † 1177
• Rainald from Bari, OSBCas. - appears as cardinal deacon and elected Bishop of Gaeta (January 1169), then only as Bishop of Gaeta (March 29, 1170 to 1171) and from 1171 until his death as Archbishop of Bari, † February 4, 1188
• Roger of San Severino , OSBCas., Archbishop of Benevento (1179 to 1221) - Cardinal Priest of S. Eusebio (first recorded on June 29, 1180), † December 25, 1221

Unsafe cases

• Oderisius, OSBCas., Abbot of San Giovanni in Venere (1155 to 1204) - perhaps appointed cardinal deacon after April 1165, † 1204
• Theodinus de Scarpa , OSBCas., Abbot of Montecassino (1166 to 1167) - perhaps promoted to cardinal priest after his appointment as abbot, † September 1167

literature

• Johannes M. Brixius: The members of the cardinal college from 1130–1181. Berlin 1912, pp. 60-67.
• Klaus Ganzer: The Development of the Foreign Cardinalate in the High Middle Ages. Tubingen 1963.
• Philipp Jaffé : Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII , vol. II. Leipzig 1888, pp. 145–146 and 721.
• Elfriede Kartusch: The College of Cardinals in the period from 1181–1227. Vienna 1948.
• Paul Fridolin Kehr (1906–1975): Regesta pontificum Romanorum. Italia Pontificia. ( Memento from April 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) SUL Books in the Public Domain.
• GA Loud: The Latin Church in Norman Italy. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
• Jacques Paul Migne : Patrologia Latina. Vol. 200 (Alexander III - Epistolae et Privilegia)
• IS Robinson: The Papacy, 1073-1198: Continuity and Innovation. Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Web links

• Cardinals created by Alexander III. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed September 20, 2016.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 33 are mentioned by Brixius, pp. 60-67, two additional ones by Ganzer, p. 205 Note 1. Brixius mentions 34 cardinals, but Cardinal Priest Peter von S. Lucia (Brixius, p. 65 No. 25) is closed not possible at this time because the title of S. Lucia (= S. Lorenzo in Lucina, cf. Hans Walter Klewitz: Reformpapstum und Kardinalkolleg. Darmstadt 1957, p. 21 note 35) was occupied by Albertus de Morra between 1158 and 1187 . The statement by Jaffé, p. 145, that this Peter signed a privilege on May 30, 1178 (also Brixius, p. 65, No. 25), must be based on error.
2. ↑ The date of the cardinals' creation is given as the last Friday of Quatember before the first signatures of the new cardinals; see. Brixius, pp. 7–15
3. ↑ Brixius, p. 65, No. 20
4. ^ Date of his last signature according to Jaffé, p. 721.
5. ↑ Brixius, p. 64, No. 17
6. ↑ See Brixius, pp. 12-13
7. ↑ Brixius, p. 63 No. 14; Ganzer, pp. 104-114 No. 43; Kartusch, pp. 126-133, No. 23.
8. ↑ Brixius, p. 62, No. 7
9. ↑ Brixius, p. 66, No. 30; Kartusch, pp. 413-416 No. 106
10. ↑ Teodino, as cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Portico, signs a privilege on March 18, 1166, which is not taken into account in Jaffé, pp. 145–146, 721 and Brixius, p. 66, No. 30, see Migne, Patrologia Latina , vol 200, col. 409-411 (p. 186 in PDF file). See Kartusch, p. 414.
11. ↑ Brixius, p. 62, No. 9
12. ↑ Brixius, pp. 60-61, No. 4; Ganzer, pp. 114-118 No. 45
13. ↑ See Ganzer, pp. 117–118
14. ↑ Brixius, p. 62, No. 11
15. ↑ Brixius, p. 66, No. 31
16. ↑ Brixius, p. 62, No. 8
17. ↑ Brixius, pp. 65-66, No. 26; Kartusch, pp. 325–327 No. 82.
18. ↑ Date according to Ganzer, p. 120
19. ↑ Ganzer, pp. 119–121, No. 48
20. ↑ Brixius, p. 65, No. 21
21. ↑ Brixius, p. 64, No. 16; Ganzer, pp. 121-123 No. 49
22. ↑ cf. Ganzer, p. 123
23. ↑ Brixius, p. 62, No. 10; Kartusch, pp. 202–204 No. 44
24. ↑ Brixius, p. 65, No. 23; Kartusch, pp. 321–323 no. 79.
25. ↑ Brixius, pp. 63-64, No. 15; Kartusch, pp. 269–271 No. 60.
26. ↑ Brixius, p. 67, No. 33
27. ↑ Brixius, pp. 66-67, No. 32; Kartusch, pp. 422-423 No. 108
28. ↑ Brixius, p. 66, No. 27; Kartusch, pp. 374–376 No. 94.
29. ↑ Brixius, p. 64, No. 19; Kartusch, pp. 279–280 No. 64
30. ↑ Brixius, p. 61 No. 5; Kartusch, pp. 151–154 no. 29.
31. ↑ Brixius, p. 65, No. 24
32. ↑ Brxius, p. 60, No. 1; Kartusch, pp. 89–90 no. 11.
33. ↑ Brixius, p. 63, No. 13
34. ↑ Brixius, p. 60, No. 2
35. ↑ Brixius, p. 66, No. 28; Kartusch, pp. 373–374 No. 93.
36. ↑ Brixius, p. 64, No. 18; Kartusch, pp. 277–278 No. 63
37. ↑ This creation took place at the Third Lateran Council; see. Brixius, p. 9
38. ↑ Brixius, pp. 61-62, No. 6; Kartusch, pp. 190–196 No. 40
39. ↑ Brixius, p. 67, No. 34; Ganzer, pp. 125-129, No. 51; Kartusch, pp. 42–427 No. 109
40. ↑ Brixius, p. 60, No. 3
41. ↑ Brixius, p. 65, No. 22; Kartusch, pp. 310-313 no. 76
42. ↑ Brixius, p. 63, No. 12; Ganzer, p. 119 No. 47; see. also Loud, p. 241
43. ↑ Loud, p. 241, note 200. According to Loud, his creation is to be set around 1168
44. ↑ Ganzer, pp. 118–119 No. 46; see. also Loud pp. 239, 241
45. ^ According to Loud, p. 241, his creation is to be set around 1168/69
46. ↑ Brixius, p. 66, No. 29; Ganzer, pp. 129-131 No. 52
47. ↑ According to Ganzer, p. 130 Roger may have received his doctorate cardinal as early as 1178. Brixius, p. 26, states around 1179.
48. ↑ See Ganzer, pp. 131-132 No. 53; Kehr, IV, p. 279
49. ↑ At this time he is only referred to as a subdeacon, cf. the inscription quoted in Ganzer, p. 131. According to Ganzer, p. 132, his promotion to a cardinalate is doubtful; Anders Kehr, IV, p. 279.
50. ↑ See Kehr, VIII, p. 184, No. 274 not.