List of cardinal creations by John Paul II
In his 26-year term (1978-2005), Pope John Paul II, with 231 cardinal surveys in nine consistories, carried out more cardinals than any other pope in church history. In doing so, he often exceeded the maximum number of members of the College of Cardinals . He also broke through the Pope John XXIII. introduced custom that all cardinals had to have episcopal ordination . Of the 231 appointed by him, 22 had already passed the maximum age of 80 years for participation in a conclave at their cardinal elevation. Of them, 121 were still alive at the 2013 conclave . Of the 50 who had not yet exceeded the age of 80, 48 took part in this conclave.
June 30, 1979
- Italy : Agostino Casaroli , Cardinal Secretary of State
- Italy : Giuseppe Caprio , President of the Property Administration of the Apostolic See
- Italy : Marco Cé , Patriarch of Venice
- Italy : Egano Righi-Lambertini , Apostolic Nuncio in France and Permanent Observer at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg
- Vietnam : Joseph-Marie Trinh Van-Can , Archbishop of Hanoi
- Italy : Ernesto Civardi , Secretary of the Congregation for Bishops and Secretary of the Conclave in 1978
- Mexico : Ernesto Corripio y Ahumada , Archbishop of Mexico City
- Japan : Joseph Asajirō Satowaki , Archbishop of Nagasaki
- France : Roger Etchegaray , Archbishop of Marseille
- Italy : Anastasio Alberto Ballestrero OCD , Archbishop of Turin
- Ireland : Tomás Séamus Ó Fiaich , Archbishop of Armagh
- Canada : Gerald Emmett Carter , Archbishop of Toronto
- Poland : Franciszek Macharski , Archbishop of Krakow
- Poland : Władysław Rubin , Prefect of the Congregation for the Eastern Churches
- People's Republic of China : Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei , Bishop of Shanghai ( in pectore , published in the Consistory of June 28, 1991)
February 2, 1983
- Lebanon : Anton Peter Khoraiche , Maronite Patriarch of Antioch and the whole of the Orient
- Ivory Coast : Bernard Yago , Archbishop of Abidjan
- Italy : Aurelio Sabattani , Prefect of the Apostolic Signature
- Yugoslavia : Franjo Kuharić , Archbishop of Zagreb
- Italy : Giuseppe Casoria , Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Order of the Sacraments
- Venezuela : José Alí Lebrún Moratinos , Archbishop of Caracas
- United States : Joseph Bernardin , Archbishop of Chicago
- Thailand : Michael Michai Kitbunchu , Archbishop of Bangkok
- Angola : Alexandre do Nascimento , Archbishop of Lubango
- Colombia : Alfonso López Trujillo , Archbishop of Medellín
- Belgium : Godfried Danneels , Archbishop of Mechlin-Brussels
- New Zealand : Thomas Stafford Williams , Archbishop of Wellington
- Italy : Carlo Maria Martini SJ , Archbishop of Milan
- France : Jean-Marie Lustiger , Archbishop of Paris
- Poland : Józef Glemp , Archbishop of Warsaw
- Federal Republic of Germany : Joachim Meisner , Bishop of Berlin
- Already over 80:
May 25, 1985
- Italy : Luigi Dadaglio , Cardinal Major Penitentiary
- India : Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy , Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
- Nigeria : Francis Arinze , President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue
- Chile : Juan Francisco Fresno Larraín , Archbishop of Santiago de Chile
- Italy : Antonio Innocenti , Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
- Nicaragua : Miguel Obando Bravo SDB , Archbishop of Managua
- Federal Republic of Germany : Paul Augustin Mayer OSB , Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Order of the Sacraments
- Spain : Ángel Suquía Goicoechea , Archbishop of Madrid
- Belgium : Jean Jérôme Hamer OP , Prefect of the Congregation for Religious Orders
- Philippines : Ricardo J. Vidal , Archbishop of Cebu
- Poland : Henryk Roman Gulbinowicz , Archbishop of Wroclaw
- Ethiopia : Paul Tzadua , Archbishop of Addis Ababa
- Czechoslovakia : Jozef Tomko , Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
- Ukrainian SSR : Myroslaw Lyubachivskyi , Archbishop of Lviv of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
- Poland : Andrzej Maria Deskur , President Emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Social Communications
- France : Paul Poupard , President of the Secretariat for Nonbelievers
- Canada : Louis-Albert Vachon , Archbishop of Québec
- France : Albert Decourtray , Archbishop of Lyon
- Venezuela : Rosalio José Castillo Lara SDB , President of the Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legal Texts
- Federal Republic of Germany : Friedrich Wetter , Archbishop of Munich and Freising
- Italy : Silvano Piovanelli , Archbishop of Florence
- Netherlands : Adrianus Johannes Simonis , Roman Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht
- Canada : Edouard Gagnon PSS , President of the Pontifical Council for the Family
- Austria : Alfons Maria Stickler SDB , archivist and librarian of the Holy Roman Church
- United States : Bernard Francis Law , Archbishop of Boston
- United States : John Joseph O'Connor , Archbishop of New York
- Italy : Giacomo Biffi , Archbishop of Bologna
- Already over 80:
June 28, 1988
- Spain : Eduardo Martínez Somalo , Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Order of the Sacraments
- Italy : Achille Silvestrini , Prefect of the Apostolic Signature
- Italy : Angelo Felici , Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
- Canada : Paul Grégoire , Archbishop of Montréal
- India : Antony Padiyara , Grand Archbishop of Ernakulam-Angamaly
- Brazil : José Freire Falcão , Archbishop of Brasília
- Italy : Michele Giordano , Archbishop of Naples
- Mozambique : Alexandre José Maria dos Santos OFM , Archbishop of Maputo
- Italy : Giovanni Canestri , Archbishop of Genoa-Bobbio
- Spain : Antonio María Javierre Ortas SDB , archivist and librarian of the Holy Roman Church
- India : Simon Ignatius Pimenta , Archbishop of Bombay
- Colombia : Mario Revollo Bravo , Archbishop of Bogotá
- Australia : Edward Bede Clancy , Archbishop of Sydney
- Brazil : Lucas Moreira Neves OP , Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia
- United States : James Aloysius Hickey , Archbishop of Washington
- United States : Edmund Casimir Szoka , Archbishop of Detroit
- Hungary : László Paskai OFM , Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest
- Cameroon : Christian Wiyghan Tumi , Archbishop of Garoua
- Austria : Hans Hermann Groër OSB , Archbishop of Vienna
- France : Jacques-Paul Martin , Prefect Emeritus of the Prefecture of the Papal House
- Federal Republic of Germany : Franz Hengsbach , Bishop of Essen
- Lithuanian SSR : Vincentas Sladkevičius MIC , Archbishop of Kaunas
- Mauritius : Jean Margéot , Bishop of Port Louis
- People's Republic of China : John Baptist Wu Cheng-chung , Bishop of Hong Kong
- ( Hans Urs von Balthasar was intended by the Pope as cardinal, but died before the consistory)
June 28, 1991
- Italy : Angelo Sodano , Cardinal Secretary of State
- Romania : Alexandru Todea , Grand Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia
- Italy : Pio Laghi , Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
- Australia : Edward Idris Cassidy , President of the Pontifical Council for Christian Unity
- France : Robert Coffy , Archbishop of Marseille
- Zaire : Frédéric Etsou-Nzabi-Bamungwabi , Archbishop of Kinshasa
- Dominican Republic : Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez , Archbishop of Santo Domingo
- Philippines : José Sánchez , Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
- Italy : Virgilio Noè , Archpriest of St. Peter's Vatican Basilica
- Argentina : Antonio Quarracino , Archbishop of Buenos Aires
- Italy : Fiorenzo Angelini , President of the Pontifical Council for Health Pastoral Care
- United States : Roger Michael Mahony , Archbishop of Los Angeles
- Mexico : Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo , Archbishop of Guadalajara
- United States : Anthony Joseph Bevilacqua , Archbishop of Philadelphia
- Italy : Giovanni Saldarini , Archbishop of Turin
- Ireland : Cahal Daly , Archbishop of Armagh
- Italy : Camillo Ruini , Cardinal Vicar of the Diocese of Rome and Archpriest of the Lateran Basilica
- Czechoslovakia : Ján Chryzostom Korec SJ , Bishop of Nitra
- Switzerland : Henri Schwery , Bishop of Sion
- Germany : Georg Sterzinsky , Bishop of Berlin
- Already over 80:
November 26, 1994
- Lebanon : Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir , Maronite Patriarch of Antioch and the whole of the Orient
- Czech Republic : Miloslav Vlk , Archbishop of Prague
- Italy : Luigi Poggi , archivist and librarian of the Holy Roman Church
- Japan : Peter Seiichi Shirayanagi , Archbishop of Tokyo
- Italy : Vincenzo Fagiolo , President of the Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legal Texts
- Italy : Carlo Furno , Apostolic Nuncio in Italy
- Chile : Carlos Oviedo Cavada , Archbishop of Santiago de Chile
- United Kingdom : Thomas Joseph Winning , Archbishop of Glasgow
- Mexico : Adolfo Antonio Suárez Rivera , Archbishop of Monterrey
- Cuba : Jaime Ortega , Archbishop of Havana
- Indonesia : Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja SJ , Archbishop of Semarang
- Belgium : Jan Schotte CICM , President of the Labor Office of the Apostolic See
- France : Pierre Eyt , Archbishop of Bordeaux
- Switzerland : Gilberto Agustoni , Prefect of the Apostolic Signature
- Uganda : Emmanuel Wamala , Archbishop of Kampala
- United States : William Henry Keeler , Archbishop of Baltimore
- Peru : Augusto Vargas Alzamora SJ , Archbishop of Lima
- Canada : Jean-Claude Turcotte , Archbishop of Montréal
- Spain : Ricardo María Carles Gordó , Archbishop of Barcelona
- United States . Adam Joseph Maida , Archbishop of Detroit
- Bosnia and Herzegovina : Vinko Puljić , Archbishop of Vrhbosna ( Sarajevo )
- Madagascar : Armand Gaétan Razafindratandra , Archbishop of Antananarivo
- Vietnam : Paul Joseph Phạm Đình Tụng , Archbishop of Hanoi
- Mexico : Juan Sandoval Íñiguez , Archbishop of Guadalajara
- Already over 80:
- Ecuador : Bernardino Echeverría Ruiz OFM , Archbishop Emeritus of Guayaquil
- Italy : Ersilio Tonini , Archbishop Emeritus of Ravenna-Cervia
- Belarus : Kazimierz Świątek
- France : Yves-Marie-Joseph Congar OP
- Albania : Mikel Koliqi
- Germany : Alois Grillmeier SJ
February 21, 1998
- Chile : Jorge Arturo Medina Estévez , Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Order of the Sacraments
- Italy : Alberto Bovone , Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
- Colombia : Darío Castrillón Hoyos , Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
- Italy : Lorenzo Antonetti , President of the Property Administration of the Apostolic See
- United States : James Francis Stafford , President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity
- Italy : Salvatore De Giorgi , Archbishop of Palermo
- Brazil : Serafím Fernandes de Araújo , Archbishop of Belo Horizonte
- Spain : Antonio María Rouco Varela , Archbishop of Madrid
- Canada : Aloysius Ambrozic , Archbishop of Toronto
- France : Jean Balland , Archbishop of Lyon
- Italy : Dionigi Tettamanzi , Archbishop of Genoa
- Tanzania : Polycarp Pengo , Archbishop of Dar es Salaam
- Austria : Christoph Schönborn OP , Archbishop of Vienna
- Mexico : Norberto Rivera Carrera , Archbishop of Mexico City
- United States : Francis George OMI , Archbishop of Chicago
- People's Republic of China : Paul Shan Kuo-hsi SJ , Bishop of Kaohsiung Diocese
- Italy : Giovanni Cheli , President of the Pontifical Council for Pastoral Care for Migration and People on the Move
- Italy : Francesco Colasuonno , Apostolic Nuncio in Italy and San Marino
- Italy : Dino Monduzzi , Prefect of the Papal House
- Ukraine : Marian Jaworski , Roman Catholic Archbishop of Lviv ( in pectore , published in the Consistory of February 21, 2001)
- Latvia : Jānis Pujats , Archbishop of Riga ( in pectore , published in the Consistory of February 21, 2001)
- Already over 80:
- (The creation of Archbishop Josip Uhač was planned by the Pope, but he died before the consistory)
February 21, 2001
- Italy : Giovanni Battista Re , Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops
- Vietnam : François Xavier Nguyên Van Thuân , President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
- Italy : Agostino Cacciavillan , President of the Property Administration of the Apostolic See
- Italy : Sergio Sebastiani , President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
- Poland : Zenon Grocholewski , Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
- Portugal : José Saraiva Martins CMF, Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
- Italy : Crescenzio Sepe , General Secretary of the Committee for the Great Jubilee, Secretary of the Congregation for the Clergy
- Argentina : Jorge María Mejía , archivist and librarian of the Holy Roman Church
- Syria : Ignatius Moussa I Daoud , Prefect of the Congregation for the Eastern Churches
- Italy : Mario Francesco Pompedda , Prefect of the Apostolic Signature
- Germany : Walter Kasper , President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity
- Germany : Johannes Joachim Degenhardt , Archbishop of Paderborn
- Ecuador : Antonio González Zumárraga , Archbishop of Quito
- India : Ivan Dias , Archbishop of Bombay
- Brazil : Geraldo Majella Agnelo , Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia
- Colombia : Pedro Rubiano Sáenz , Archbishop of Bogotá
- United States : Theodore Edgar McCarrick , Archbishop of Washington, DC
- Ireland : Desmond Connell , Archbishop of Dublin
- Lithuania : Audrys Bačkis , Archbishop of Vilnius
- Chile : Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa , Archbishop of Santiago de Chile
- Bolivia : Julio Terrazas Sandoval CSSR, Archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
- South Africa : Wilfrid Fox Napier OFM, Archbishop of Durban
- Honduras : Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB, Archbishop of Tegucigalpa
- Ivory Coast : Bernard Agré , Archbishop of Abidjan
- France : Louis-Marie Billé , Archbishop of Lyon
- Venezuela : Antonio Ignacio Velasco García SDB, Archbishop of Caracas
- Peru : Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne , Archbishop of Lima
- Spain : Francisco Álvarez Martínez , Toledo
- Brazil : Cláudio Hummes OFM, Archbishop of São Paulo
- India : Varkey Vithayathil CSSR, Grand Archbishop of Ernakulam-Angemaly of the Syro-Malabars
- Argentina : Jorge Mario Bergoglio SJ, (later Pope Francis), Archbishop of Buenos Aires
- Portugal : José da Cruz Policarpo , Patriarch of Lisbon
- Italy : Severino Poletto , Archbishop of Turin
- United Kingdom : Cormac Murphy-O'Connor , Archbishop of Westminster
- United States : Edward Michael Egan , Archbishop of New York
- Ukraine : Lyubomyr Hussar MSU, Grand Archbishop of Lviv the Ukrainians
- Germany : Karl Lehmann , Bishop of Mainz
- Italy : Roberto Tucci SJ, former managing director of Vatican Radio
- Already over 80:
- Egypt : Stephanos II. Ghattas CM, Patriarch of Alexandria of the Copts
- France : Jean Marcel Honoré , Archbishop Emeritus of Tours
- Germany : Leo Scheffczyk , emeritus professor of dogmatics at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich
- United States : Avery Dulles SJ, Professor at Fordham University New York
October 21, 2003
- France : Jean-Louis Tauran , archivist and librarian of the Holy Roman Church
- Italy : Renato Raffaele Martino , President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
- Italy : Francesco Marchisano , Archpriest of the Vatican Basilica
- Spain : Julián Herranz Casado , President of the Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legal Texts
- Mexico : Javier Lozano Barragán , President of the Pontifical Council for Health Pastoral Care
- Japan : Stephen Fumio Hamao , President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and People on the Move
- Italy : Attilio Nicora , Prefect of the Property Administration of the Apostolic See
- Italy : Angelo Scola , Patriarch of Venice
- Nigeria : Anthony Olubunmi Okogie , Archbishop of Lagos
- France : Bernard Panafieu , Archbishop of Marseille
- Sudan : Gabriel Zubeir Wako , Archbishop of Khartoum
- Spain : Carlos Amigo Vallejo OFM , Archbishop of Seville
- United States : Justin Francis Rigali , Archbishop of Philadelphia
- United Kingdom : Keith Patrick O'Brien , Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh
- Brazil : Eusébio Scheid SCJ , Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro
- Italy : Ennio Antonelli , Archbishop of Florence
- Italy : Tarcisio Bertone SDB , Archbishop of Genoa
- Ghana : Peter Turkson , Archbishop of Cape Coast
- India : Telesphore Placidus Toppo , Archbishop of Ranchi
- Australia : George Pell , Archbishop of Sydney
- Croatia : Josip Bozanić , Archbishop of Zagreb
- Vietnam : Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn , Archbishop of Thành Phố Hô` Chí Minh
- Guatemala : Rodolfo Quezada Toruño , Archbishop of Guatemala City
- France : Philippe Barbarin , Archbishop of Lyon
- Hungary : Péter Erdő , Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest
- Canada : Marc Ouellet PSS , Archbishop of Québec
- Already over 80:
- Czech Republic : Tomáš Špidlík SJ
- Poland : Stanisław Nagy SCJ
- Switzerland : Georges Cottier OP
- Belgium : Gustaaf Joos
in pectore was not published
Web links
- Consistories for the creation of Cardinals - John Paul II (1978-2005). In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed October 16, 2016.