Papal orders and decorations

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Golden Rose (1818/19)

This list gives an overview of the orders and decorations of the Holy See . They relate partly to services to the faith and papal authority in the universal church, partly to services to the papal state, which was dissolved in 1870.

medal

The knightly orders were initially religious communities in support of pilgrimages to the Holy Land , which enjoyed the recognition of the Roman Curia. At the moment only a small part of the historical knightly orders enjoy the recognition of the Kurio. In addition, there are contemporary orders with similar-sounding names that are not recognized by the Catholic Church.

Order of knights

Only the Order of Christ , the Order of the Golden Spur , the Order of Pius , the Order of Gregorius and the Order of New Year belong to the Knightly Orders of the Holy See . In the strict sense of the word, they are not religious orders of knights, but orders of distinction and merit awarded by the Holy See and hierarchically graded.

Strap buckle Surname Foundation, endowment Classes
Ordine Supremo del Cristo Rib.png Order of Christ 1319/1905 a class
Ordo Militia Aurata or Ordine dello Speron d'Oro o Milizia Aurata.png Order of the Golden Spur 1539/1905 a class
VA Ordine Piano BAR.svg Order of Pius 1847 five classes
Order of St. Gregory the Great.png Order of Gregorius 1831 four classes
Order of Pope Sylvester BAR.svg New Year's Order 1841 four classes

Recognized order of knights of the Catholic Church

The Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem and the Order of Malta are the only orders of knights recognized by the Holy See . These award their own decorations , which are not identical to the insignia of the orders: The Sovereign Order of Malta awards the Order of Merit Pro Merito Melitensi . In addition, the offshoots - such as B. the Malteser Hilfsdienst - own, internal organization decorations.

The Teutonic Order has not been a knightly order since the interwar period , but a spiritual order under canon law .

Extinct orders of knights

In the past, there were other orders of knighthood in addition to the papal orders recognized by the Pope. These were dissolved and are considered to have been extinguished. These include the Order of St. Peter (1510), the Order of St. Paul (1540) and the Order of St. John of Lateran (1560) as well as the Order of the Moor (1806-1870) and the Order of St. Cecilia ( 1847-1870).

Badge of honor

Badge of honor

The Cross of Merit Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice and the Benemerenti Medal of Merit are papal decorations.

Strap buckle Surname Foundation date Classes annotation
Ribbon.Crossproecclesiaetpontifice.jpg Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice July 17, 1888 a class Reduction to one class since 1908
Ribbon.Crossproecclesiaetpontifice.jpg Benemerenti 1818 a class Permanent award since 1891

Badges of honor with papal authority or special approval

Of the decorations that had papal authority or special approval, only the Jerusalem pilgrim cross is awarded. The Loretto Cross and the Lateran Cross are no longer awarded.

Strap buckle Surname Award period Classes annotation
Ribbon bar of the Loretto Cross 1st Class.png Loretto Cross November 26, 1888 - approx. Mid 20th century three classes awarded by the Congregation of Loreto
Signum Sacri Itineris Hierosolymitani.png Jerusalem pilgrim cross May 2, 1901-present three classes conferred by the Custodian of the Custody of the Holy Land
Nastro Croce Lateranense.png Lateran Cross February 18, 1903-1977 three classes awarded by the Chapter of the Lateran Basilica

Event-related merit awards

In addition to the general decorations, there are a number of event-related awards of merit, such as to honor special contributions in the implementation of the Holy Years or to support the papacy in times of crisis. These awards were mostly given as medals and crosses - sometimes both in several stages - to honor different degrees of merit.

Strap buckle Surname Foundation date Classes
Nastro Bene Merenti Perugia.png Fire Brigade Medal (also: Medal for the guards ) June 12, 1836 a class
D-PRU EK 1914 2 class BAR.svg Medal of Merit for Supporting Cholera Sufferers 1837 one class (silver)
Ordine pro merito Melitensi, ecclesiastici.png Merit for the sculptors of the Truran Museum in the Vatican 1838 one class (gold)
Nastro Bene Merenti Perugia.png Medal Fidelitati 1850 three or four classes
RIBBON annus sanctus 1900.png Medal of Merit on the occasion of the Holy Year 1900 1901 three classes
Valor di marina medal BAR.svg Merits for the implementation of the Holy Year 1925 1925 Cross: four classes
Medal: one class
ESP Cruz Merito Naval (Distintivo Blanco) pasador.svg Benemerenti Medal for services to the organization of the Mission Exhibition in the Vatican in 1925 January 10, 1926 a class
Ribbon bar Benemerenti medal Pius XI 50th.png Medal for services to the implementation of the celebrations for the golden jubilee of Pope Pius XI. May 1930 four classes
Ordine pro merito Melitensi, ecclesiastici.png Merit for the Extraordinary Holy Year of Redemption 1933 Cross: four classes
Medal: three classes
Medaglia al Merito Guardia Palatina Servizi Straordinari 1943-1944 BAR.png Medal of Merit for extraordinary services of the Papal Palating Guard 1943/1944 1944 a class
Cavaliere SSML BAR.svg Merits for the implementation of the Holy Year 1950 December 24, 1951 Cross: three classes
Medal: three classes
Nastro Bene Merenti Perugia.png Medal of Merit for completing the 1st Marian Year 1954 three classes
Benemerenti Medal (Vatican) - ribbon bar.png Medal for services to the implementation of the Second Vatican Council 1963 Medal: three classes
Benemerenti Medal (Vatican) - ribbon bar.png Merits for the implementation of the Holy Year 1975 1975 Medal: two classes
Benemerenti Medal (Vatican) - ribbon bar.png Merit for the Extraordinary Holy Year of Redemption 1983 Medal: two classes

Military awards

The papal orders were awarded for military success; mostly only to the commanders and senior management personnel. The Benemerenti award was usually given below this group of people. In addition, there are others that were awarded on the occasion of military conflicts in which the Papal States or the papacy were involved.

Strap buckle Surname Foundation, endowment annotation
Nastro Bene Merenti Perugia.png Latronibus Fugatis Securitas Restituta 1816 also: medal expulsion of the robber rabble
Nastro Bene Merenti Perugia.png Medal for the Citizens Guard 1840
Nastro Bene Merenti Perugia.png Commemorative medal for the campaign in 1849 1849 also: Medaglia dell'assedio di Roma
Nastro Medaglia Castelfidardo.png Castelfidardo medal November 12, 1860 also: Pro Petri Sede
Ribbon.Castelfidardomedal.jpg Mentana cross November 14, 1867 also: Crux Fidei et Virtuti

Long service awards have also been created for the military of the Papal States.

Strap buckle Surname Foundation, endowment annotation
sewn on Service award for volunteers of the Pontifical Forces February 25, 1822 four classes
Nastro Bene Merenti Perugia.png Service award for volunteers of the Pontifical Forces 1860s Medal: two classes
Nastro Bene Merenti Perugia.png Service award for the military units of the Holy See 1940s Cross: two classes (bronze for 20 years; silver for 30 years)

The medals for the Nobel Guard (1901), the Swiss Guard (1906 and 2006) and for the Papal Gendarmerie (1916) were created on the occasion of anniversaries and therefore not in the true sense of the word merit awards.

Commemorative Medals

In addition to awards for merits, there are also medals that are only used for memory. In addition to the Holy Years , these include papal anniversaries or the Second Vatican Council (1962–65).

Golden rose and Pope's sword

The Golden Rose is a papal award that has been given since 1096 to a person, state, city or organization that has made a special contribution to the Catholic Church. Since Pope Paul VI. the award was only given to places of pilgrimage .

The Pope's sword (actually "sword and hat") was awarded from the end of the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 19th century as a papal award for services to the Catholic Church as a "defender of the faith" ( Fidei defensor ).

Honorary title

In addition to the papal medals and decorations, there are a number of papal titles of honor that the Pope - usually at the request of the bishop gives the award to priest - out. There are three levels of honorary titles with different clothing and coat of arms rights : papal honorary chaplain , papal honorary prelate and apostolic protonotary .

gallery

Orders and decorations

Carrying method

literature

  • Michael Autengruber: Orders and decorations from all over the world. Holy See and Vatican . The Dr. Norbert Herkner, Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG, Kassel 2015.
  • Hyginus Eugene Cardinale: Orders of knighthood awards and the Holy See . 3rd edition, van Duren, Gerrards Cross 1985.
  • Friedrich Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Farémont: History and legislation of the orders of knights, decorations and medals of the Holy See according to official sources . Edited by the Institut historique et hèraldique de France, Paris 1932.
  • Peter Bander van Duren: Orders of Knighthood and Merit . Colin Smythe, Gerrards Cross 1995.
  • Kay Ehling and Jörg Ernesti : Brilliant propaganda. Church history on papal medals . Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 2019, ISBN 978-3451376986 .

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ The Cross of Merit Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice hung on two different ribbons:
    Ribbon.Crossproecclesiaetpontifice.jpg new design from 1970/71
    CroceProEcclesiaPontifice1888-1893.png old design from 1888

    There is information about the existence of a purple ribbon with white and yellow edges, which is said to have been used from 1893 to 1908. The author of this note is not aware of such a volume. It is probably about the visual implementation based on the description in the papal letter Quod singulari Dei concessu : "[...] purpurei coloris linea alba flavaque ad utramque oram virgata dependeat [...]". The translation of “purpurei coloris” as violet and not as purple and “linea alba flavaque” as a yellow-white line leads to a different appearance of the ribbon. Compare with:
    Lint van het Kruis Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice in three opeenvolgende versies.gif

  2. ↑ In the course of the award history, the various Benemerenti medals were hung on different ribbons that showed the heraldic colors of the Holy See:
    Ribbon.Crossproecclesiaetpontifice.jpg new design
    Nastro Bene Merenti Perugia.png old design
  3. ↑ The first class of the Loretto cross differed from the others by a differently designed ribbon:
    Ribbon bar of the Loretto Cross 1st Class.png Ribbon of the Loretto Cross 1st class
    Ribbon bar of the Loretto Cross 2nd & 3rd Class.png Ribbon of the Loretto Cross 2nd and 3rd class
  4. ↑ The Cross of Merit and the Medal hung on different ribbons:
    Ordine pro merito Melitensi, ecclesiastici.png Ribbon of the Cross of Merit
    Ribbon bar of the Benemeriti medal for 1933.png Ribbon of Merit Medal
  5. ↑ Kirchberger also wears the Commander's Cross of the Knightly Order of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem around his neck and the Order of Saint Michael , Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice , Jerusalem Pilgrim Cross and the Merit Medal of 1901 on his chest (from left to right) .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c La Santa Sede non riconosce né tutela Ordini equestri di nuova istituzione ( IT ) October 16, 2012. Archived from the original on January 6, 2013. Retrieved on November 3, 2015.
  2. ^ German Order: Exclusive authenticity of the German Order ( DE ) In: www.deutscher-orden.at . Retrieved December 21, 2015.
  3. ↑ H. Schulze: Chronicle of all known knight orders and decorations, which are awarded by sovereigns and governments, together with images of the decorations. , Volume 1. Moeser and Kühn, Berlin 1853, p. 572.
  4. ↑ a b c H. Schulze: Chronicle of all known knight orders and decorations, which are awarded by sovereigns and governments, together with images of the decorations. ( DE ), Volume 1. Moeser and Kühn, Berlin 1853, pp. 601 & 1146.
  5. ↑ a b c d The decoration created by Leon XIII for the Holy Land Pilgrims ( EN ) In: www.custodia.org . Gerusalemme - San Salvatore Convento Francescano St. Savior's Monastery. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  6. ↑ a b c d Jörg C. Steiner: The Cross of Honor of the Archbasilica of St. John of Lateran . In: www.ordenskunde.info . Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  7. ↑ a b Jörg C. Steiner: Decoration of the Chamberlain of the Holy House of Loretto ( DE ) In: www.ordenskunde.info . Retrieved December 2, 2015.
  8. ^ Friedrich Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Farémont: History and legislation of the orders of knights, decorations and medals of the Holy See according to official sources ( DE ). Institut historique et hèraldique de France, Paris 1932, p. 41.
  9. ^ Friedrich Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Farémont: History and legislation of the orders of knights, decorations and medals of the Holy See according to official sources ( DE ). Institut historique et hèraldique de France, Paris 1932, p. 34.
  10. ↑ Medaglia Giubileo straordinario ( IT ) In: iagiforum.info . Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  11. ↑ a b c d Friedrich Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Farémont: History and legislation of the orders of knights, decorations and medals of the Holy See according to official sources ( DE ). Institut historique et hèraldique de France, Paris 1932, p. 26.
  12. ↑ a b c d e Friedrich Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Farémont: History and legislation of the orders of knights, decorations and medals of the Holy See according to official sources ( DE ). Institut historique et hèraldique de France, Paris 1932, p. 27.
  13. ↑ a b c d H. Schulze: Chronicle all known Knight orders and medals which are awarded by sovereigns and governments, with illustrations of the decorations. ( DE ), Volume 1. Moeser and Kühn, Berlin 1853, p. 1150.
  14. ↑ Onorificenza di Gaeta -Fidelitati -B111 (Medaglia) ( IT ) In: numismatica-italiana.lamoneta.it . Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  15. ^ Medal "" Fidelitati "" for Pope Pius IX. who remained loyal to him during his exile in Gaeta . In: kuenker.de language = EN . Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  16. ↑ Mark McM: Vatican Benemereti Cross ( EN ) In: gmic.co.uk . Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  17. ↑ a b 10-Croce Gesú Cristo Dio e Uomo . Retrieved August 7, 2019.
  18. ↑ Friedrich Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Farémont: History and legislation of the orders of knights, decorations and medals of the Holy See according to official sources. Edited by the Institut Historique et Hèraldique de France, Paris 1932, pp. 30–31.
  19. ↑ a b c Michael Autengruber: EUROPE HEILIGER STUHL, CHURCH STATE AND VATICAN STATE ( DE ) In: orden-der-welt.de . Retrieved December 4, 2015.
  20. ↑ a b c Friedrich Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Farémont: History and legislation of the orders of knights, decorations and medals of the Holy See according to official sources. Edited by the Institut Historique et Hèraldique de France, Paris 1932, p. 29.
  21. ↑ Benemerenti Medal for services to the implementation of the celebrations for the golden jubilee of Pope Pius XI. ( DE ) In: kuenker.de . Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  22. ↑ a b Friedrich Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Farémont: History and legislation of the orders of knights, decorations and medals of the Holy See according to official sources. Edited by the Institut Historique et Hèraldique de France, Paris 1932, p. 31.
  23. ↑ a b c Michael Autengruber: Orders and decorations from all over the world. Holy See and Vatican. The Dr. Norbert Herkner, Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG, Kassel 2015, p. 231.
  24. ↑ a b Merito Guardia Palatina d'Onore -CM44 ( IT ) In: numismatica-italiana.lamoneta.it . Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  25. ↑ a b c d e Michael Autengruber: Orders and decorations from all over the world. Holy See and Vatican. The Dr. Norbert Herkner, Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG, Kassel 2015, p. 232.
  26. ↑ a b c Michael Autengruber: Orders and decorations from all over the world. Holy See and Vatican. The Dr. Norbert Herkner, Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. KG, Kassel 2015, p. 237.
  27. ↑ a b Friedrich Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Farémont: History and legislation of the orders of knights, decorations and medals of the Holy See according to official sources. Edited by the Institut Historique et Hèraldique de France, Paris 1932, p. 24.
  28. ↑ Bruno bm : DECORATIONS: PAPAL STATES - DECORATIONS OF HONOR ( EN ) In: allaboutheraldry.blogspot.de . January 24, 2015. Accessed November 13, 2015.
  29. ↑ a b Friedrich Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Farémont: History and legislation of the orders of knights, decorations and medals of the Holy See according to official sources. Edited by the Institut Historique et Hèraldique de France, Paris 1932, p. 33.
  30. ↑ a b c d e Friedrich Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Farémont: History and legislation of the orders of knights, decorations and medals of the Holy See according to official sources. Edited by the Institut Historique et Hèraldique de France, Paris 1932, p. 25.
  31. ↑ Medal "For Petri's Chair", so-called. "Castelfidardo Medal" . In: kuenker.de . Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  32. ↑ a b c d Service award for the volunteers of the papal troops ( DE ) In: kuenker.de . Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  33. ↑ a b Service award for the volunteers of the papal troops ( DE ) In: kuenker.de . Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  34. ↑ a b c Service award for the military units of the Holy See ( DE ) In: kuenker.de . Retrieved September 19, 2019.
  35. ↑ a b c Friedrich Marquis Guigue de Champvans de Farémont: History and legislation of the orders of knights, decorations and medals of the Holy See according to official sources. Edited by the Institut Historique et Hèraldique de France, Paris 1932, pp. 28–29.
  36. ↑ Ulrich Nersinger: Papal orders of knights and awards . May 18, 2007. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
Papal orders and decorations
medal

Order of Christ  • Order of the Golden Spur  • Order of Pius  • Order of Gregorius  • Order of New Year

Badge of honor

Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice  • Benemerenti  • Jerusalem pilgrim cross