List of attacks on Croatian exiles (1945–1992)

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This is a list of assassinations of exiled Croats (1945-1992) , thus of attacks on people in the Croatian emigration the most politically and / or journalistic and partly militant against that of 1945 bis 1992 existing communist or socialist Yugoslavia worked. The attacks are therefore presumed or proven contract killers of the Yugoslav security apparatus d. H. largely attributed to the UDB or SDB secret police . The Yugoslav authorities saw in the victims mostly members of organizations of the so-called "Croatian hostile emigration" ( Serbo-Croatian  Hrvatska neprijateljska emigracija , HNE for short).

Assassinations

Murders

By the Parliament of the Republic of Croatia set up State Commission to identify the victims of war and post one in her started in 1999 list of the "post-war victims of the state terrorism of the SFRY abroad" 68 murders. In 2008, an expert in the Đureković murder case found that between 1945 and 1989 a total of 67 political murders were committed against Croats, for which only one political motive could be identified. 22 of them in the Federal Republic of Germany between 1970 and 1989, for which the Yugoslav security apparatus is presumably responsible.

Victim Date of birth Date of assassination date of death place Perpetrator Remarks
Ivan Protulipac 0June 4, 1899 Jan. 31, 1946   Trieste , Italy Gino Benčić The victim was a Catholic activist, a colleague of Ivan Merz (1896-1928) and founder and leader of the Catholic lay organization Križari ("The Crusaders"). He was murdered in Via Scipio Slataper in Trieste at the instigation of the Yugoslav secret service by Gino Benčić. Protulipac's remains were reburied in the Mirogoj cemetery in 1994 .
Ilija Abramović   1948.  1948.  Klagenfurt , Austria
Dinka Domančinović 1957.  July 16, 1960 17th July 1960 Buenos Aires , Argentina The three-year-old victim died in a bomb attack on a Croatian clubhouse as a result of injuries sustained by a splinter in the head. After the explosive device was placed around 10 p.m., two unknown people escaped in a car that was waiting for them on a side street while the crime was being carried out. The eighty-year-old David Martinez was also killed. Seventeen to 20 other people, mostly between nine and 33 years of age, were injured.
Mate Miličević   1966.    Canada
Marijan Simundic 0Aug 4, 1938 13 Sep 1967 13 Sep 1967 Stuttgart - Weilimdorf Josip Cvitanović The victim was the innkeeper of the "Juliška" restaurant on Silberburgstrasse in Stuttgart and a member of the Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood . Murdered five times on a dirt road about 100 m from federal highway 295. The perpetrator escaped to Yugoslavia with accomplice Brunhilde Coblenz (* 1931). An extradition request from the German authorities to Yugoslavia was rejected. The perpetrator died in Split in 1984 at the age of 56 . The accomplice returned to Germany in the same year, where she was arrested at the airport and sentenced in 1985 to 10 years imprisonment by the Stuttgart Regional Court for complicity in murder.
Jozo Jelić   1967.    Friedrichshafen , West Germany
Mile Jelić   0May 3, 1967 0May 3, 1967 near Aachen Grgo Čengic The victim was shot dead with Petar Tominac at the age of 38. The perpetrator escaped to his home village of Sasina near Sanski Most ( Bosnia ) and was later arrested and convicted of another murder.
Petar Tominac   0May 3, 1967 0May 3, 1967 near Aachen Grgo Čengic The victim was shot dead with Mile Jelić at the age of 28. The perpetrator escaped to his home village of Sasina near Sanski Most ( Bosnia ) and was later arrested and convicted of another murder.
Vlado Murat   1967.  1967.  West Germany
Anđelko Pernar   1967.  1967.  West Germany
Hrvoje Ursa 16 Sep 1938 27 Sep 1968 27 Sep 1968 Hutzdorf , West Germany Milan Vukoja The victim was a member of the Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP). Ursa's body was recovered from the Fulda on September 30, 1968 .
Đuro Kokić   1968.  1968.  Pforzheim , West Germany
Mile Rukavina 0Aug 2, 1910 Oct 26, 1968 Oct 26, 1968 Munich , West Germany
Krešimir Tolj Jan 25, 1938 Oct 26, 1968 Oct 26, 1968 Munich, West Germany
Vid Maričić 0Aug 3, 1946 Oct 26, 1968 Oct 26, 1968 Munich, West Germany
Ante Znaor Nov 16, 1937 Aug 17, 1968 Aug 17, 1968 Trieste , Italy
Josip Krtalić 26 Sep 1942 Aug 17, 1968 Aug 17, 1968 Trieste, Italy
Nedjeljko Mrkonjić   1968.  1968.  Paris, France The victim's massacred body was found on April 6, 1968 in a garbage dump near Paris.
Pere Čović   1968.  1968.  Australia
Mirko Čurić 05th Mar 1932 0Apr 9, 1969 0Apr 9, 1969 Munich, West Germany The victim was an innkeeper and was torn apart by a bomb hidden in a plastic bag in front of his restaurant.
Nahid Kulenović 0July 5, 1929 June 30, 1969 June 30, 1969 Munich, West Germany Ivo Galic Kulenović is killed in his apartment. The perpetrator fled to Yugoslavia. The extradition request from the German authorities is rejected by the Yugoslav authorities on the grounds that it is "a political attack".
Vjekoslav Luburić 06th Mar 1914 April 20, 1969 April 20, 1969 Carcaixent , Spain
Mijo Lijic   1970.  1970.  Sweden
Mirko Šimić   1971.  1971.  West Berlin , West Germany
Ivo Bogdan Sep 30 1907 Aug 18, 1971 Aug 18, 1971 Buenos Aires, Argentina The victim was a member of the Ustaše and a functionary of the Independent State of Croatia as well as a publicist and author of writings, including about the so-called Bleiburg massacre .
Maksim Krstulović   1971.  1971.  United Kingdom
Drago Mihalic   1972.  1972.  West Germany
Josip Senic 18 Mar 1936 09 Mar 1972 09 Mar 1972 Wiesloch , West Germany According to a note from the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA), the victim was an “authoritative leader” of the Croatian Revolutionary Brotherhood . Senić had registered under the name "Hermann Schick" in the Wiesloch guesthouse Klosterschänke. He was surprised in his sleep in guest room no. 8 and killed with two shots in the neck . The police discovered an Astra pistol, caliber 7.65 millimeters, and three passports with different names. According to the BKA, it was apparently "a major political murder".
Branimir Jelić Feb. 28, 1905 May 31, 1972 May 31, 1972 West Berlin, West Germany
Stjepan Ševo Dec 10, 1936 Aug 24, 1972 Aug 24, 1972 San Donà di Piave , Italy Vinko Sindičić (presumed) The victim lived in Stuttgart and was shot with his family while on vacation. Vinko Sindičić is seen in the family car half an hour before the shooting. The responsible head of the Venice Criminal Police pointed this out to the Yugoslav authorities who refused to interrogate them.
Tatjana Ševo 0Apr 4, 1946 Aug 24, 1972 Aug 24, 1972 San Donà di Piave, Italy Vinko Sindičić (presumed) Born Bahorić. See remarks in Stjepan Ševo.
Rosemarie Bahorić Apr. 27, 1963 Aug 24, 1972 Aug 24, 1972 San Donà di Piave, Italy Vinko Sindičić (presumed) See remarks in Stjepan Ševo.
Josip Buljan-Mikulić   Sep 14 1973 Sep 14 1973 Kornwestheim , West Germany
Mate Jozak   1974.  1974.  Neuss , Germany On March 5, 1975, Mate Jozak's body was washed up on the banks of the Rhine near Cologne-Worringen . His death was more than three months ago. Crime scene in Neuss. He was an Australian citizen.
Ilija Vucic Apr 18, 1930 0June 6, 1975 June 11th 1975 Stuttgart , Germany The victim was involved in the attack on the Yugoslav mission in Bonn-Mehlem in 1962 . Vučić was shot three times as he left his apartment and died five days later from serious injuries.
Ivica Milošević   03rd July 1975 03rd July 1975 West Germany
Nikola Martinović   1975.  1975.  Austria
Matko Bradarić   1975.  1975.  Belgium
Vinko Eljuga   1975.  1975.  Denmark
Nikola Penava   1975.  1975.  West Germany
Ivan Tuksor 0Dec. 4, 1933 Aug 28, 1976 Aug 28, 1976 Nice , France The victim was a United Croatian official in France .
Ivan Vucic   June 10, 1977 June 10, 1977 Saarbrücken , West Germany
Jozo Oreč March 12 1937 1977.  1977.  near Vereeniging , South Africa
Bruno Bušić 0Oct 6, 1939 Oct 16, 1978 Oct 16, 1978 Paris , France
Križan Brkić   1978.  1978.  United States
Marijan Rudela   1979.  1979.  United States
Zvonko Štimac   1979.  1979.  United States
Goran Šećer   1979.  1979.  Canada
Cvitko Cicvarić   1979.  1979.  Canada
Nikola Miličević Oct 10, 1937 Jan. 13, 1980 Jan. 13, 1980 Frankfurt am Main , West Germany
Miličević's gravestone in the main cemetery (Frankfurt am Main) .
The victim was a founder of the United Croatians of Germany (UHNj) . Miličević is killed with three shots in his own car on the banks of the Main in Frankfurt. The murder weapon came from Hungary (tested by the shooting office in Budapest) and probably went from there to Yugoslavia.
Mirko Desker   1980.  1980.  West Germany
Antun Kostic 26 Sep 1943 0Oct 9, 1981 0Oct 9, 1981 Munich, West Germany The victim was formerly active in the Croatian National Committee (ENT) . Kostić dies as a result of gunshot wounds.
Mate Kolić   Oct. 19, 1981 Oct. 19, 1981 France
Petar Bilandžić   1981.  1981.  West Germany
Ivan Jurišić   1981.  1981.  West Germany
Mladen Jurišić   1981.  1981.  West Germany
Stanko Nižić Feb. 24, 1951 Aug 24, 1981 Aug 24, 1981 Zurich , Switzerland The 30-year-old victim was shot at his workplace, the Hotel Kindli. The remains were exhumed in 1999 at the Dietiker Friedhof Guggenbühl and transferred to Croatia at the expense of the Croatian Consulate General.
Ivo Furlić   1981.  1981.  West Germany
Đuro Zagajski 0Oct 2, 1939 26th Mar 1983 26th Mar 1983 Munich, West Germany The victim is found dead in a pheasant garden.
Franjo Mikulić   1983.  1983.  West Germany
Milan Župan   1983.  1983.  West Germany
Stjepan Đureković 0Aug 8, 1926 July 28, 1983 July 28, 1983 Wolfratshausen , West Germany With a duplicate key, three assassins who were not clearly identified, probably got into the garage on Sauerlacher Strasse in Wolfratshausen, where they ambushed Đureković and killed Đureković with six gunshots in the back and arms and one blow in the head.
Slavko Logarić   1984.  1984.  West Germany
Franjo Mašić   1986.  1986.  United States
Damir Đureković   1987.  1987.  Canada Son of Stjepan Đureković .
Ante Đapić   1989.  1989.  West Germany

Attempted murder

23 attempted political murders are known, some of which were repeatedly committed on individuals.

Victim Date of birth Date of assassination date of death place Perpetrator Remarks
Mate Frković Dec 31, 1901 1948.    Austria The victim was a member of the Ustaše , a functionary or most recently Interior Minister (1944–1945) of the Independent State of Croatia . In 1950 he founded the Croatian National Committee (ENT) together with Branimir Jelić and others .
Ante Pavelic July 14, 1889 Apr 10, 1957 Dec 28, 1959 Lomas del Palomar , Argentina Blagoje Jovović The victim died of the aftermath of the attack in Madrid .
Branimir Jelić Feb. 28, 1905 1957.    West Germany
Deželić family   1965.    West Germany
Ante Vukic   Oct 22, 1968   Düsseldorf , West Germany The victim was the leader of the United Croats of Germany (UHNj) and escaped a chemical weapon attack in his car. His wife, eight-year-old son, and a family friend were injured. The victim died in Zadar after the Croatian War .
Mirko Grabovac   23 Aug 1969   Frankfurt am Main A perpetrator fired four shots at Grabovac, who just got away with his life.
Branimir Jelić Feb. 28, 1905 Sep 10 1970   West Berlin 2nd assassination attempt. When the victim left his apartment early in the morning to go to his dental practice at Uhlandstrasse 141, an explosive device exploded on the sidewalk. Since it does not fully explode, the victim is only slightly injured.
Vlado Damjanović   1970.    West Germany
Branimir Jelić Feb. 28, 1905 05th May 1971   West Berlin 3rd assassination attempt. Shortly after eight in the morning, another buried explosive device exploded in the sidewalk in front of the entrance to the victim's dental practice. Jelić suffers severe injuries to his legs and left shoulder and has to be treated in hospital for a long time.
Gojko Bošnjak   1972.    Karlsruhe 1. Attack: At the end of 1972 an explosive device exploded in front of the inn of the innkeeper Gojko Bošnjak.
Nikola Vidović   1973.    France 1st assassination attempt
Dane Sarac   1973.    West Germany 1st assassination attempt
Gojko Bošnjak   1973.    West Germany Vlado Mišić 2nd attack: Almost exactly one year after the 1st attack, Vlado Mišić carried out an attack on the innkeeper Bošnjak with a firearm. Mišić was sentenced on May 11, 1974 to ten years imprisonment. The prosecutor speaks of the involvement of the Yugoslav secret service.
Dane Sarac   1974.    France 2nd assassination attempt
Stipe Bilandžić   Oct. 30, 1975   Cologne , West Germany 1st assassination attempt
Stipe Bilandžić   1977.    West Germany 2nd assassination attempt
Franjo Goreta   Dec 13, 1980   West Germany Dragan Barač (client) and the two German executing perpetrators Adam Lapčević and Friedrich Huber In August 1966, the victim shot the Yugoslav Vice-Consul Sava Milovanović in the Hofbräukeller in Stuttgart because he had asked him to kill leading members of a Croatian émigré organization. For this he was sentenced to eight years in prison. After he was released from prison, he was visited by two assassins. When they put their hands in their coat pockets, Goreta saw the danger and ran into the bedroom. He threw himself on the bed, yanked his pistol from under the pillow and fired, from the turn and through the frosted glass pane of the door. The attackers fled, one of them wounded by a shot in the lung. Since the injury had to be treated, both German assassins were caught. The client was a Dragan Barač who wanted to share with you the murder bonus of one million Yugoslav dinars (then almost 100,000 German marks ). In the court process, Barac admitted that he had been shuttling back and forth between Yugoslavia and the Federal Republic in the service of the SDB with forged papers and a free flight ticket and that he had received the order to liquidate Goreta from a Vice Minister for Internal Affairs of the Socialist Republic of Croatia . The Saarbrücken jury court sentenced Barac and his accomplices in July 1981 to imprisonment between 8 and 14 years. In his written grounds for the verdict, the chairman Franz Priester wrote: “After all, the penalties imposed were also necessary from a general preventive point of view, in order to make it very clear that it cannot be tolerated if foreign killer jobs are carried out on the soil of our state and someone else's domestic problems Land in our country should be solved with murder. "
Luka Kraljevic   Aug 20, 1982   Untertürkheim 1st assassination attempt: With a firearm.
Luka Kraljevic   03 Dec 1983   augsburg 2. Assassination attempt: Again with a firearm. A bullet gets stuck in the head of the victim and loses sight.
Danica Glavaš   1986.    United States
Ante Tokic   1988.    Australia
Tomislav Naletelić   1988.    West Germany
Nikola Štedul 0Dec. 2, 1937 Oct 20, 1988   Kirkcaldy , Scotland , United Kingdom Vinko Sindičić Štedul was president of the Hrvatski državotvorni pokret (Croatian State Building Movement), HDP. Sindičić fired four shots at Štedul, who was out with his dog early in the morning. The perpetrator is arrested at Heathrow Airport . He entered the country with a Swiss passport in mid-October . There are traces of smoke on the perpetrator's skin. Sindičić is sentenced to 15 years imprisonment for attempted murder in an 11-day trial.

Missing persons

Victim Date of birth Date of assassination date of death place Perpetrator Remarks
Zlatko Milkovic   1949.    Germany
Zvonimir Kučar   1963.    France
Geza Pašti   1965.    France
Stjepan Crnogorac   1972.    Austria

See also

swell

  • Herwig Roggemann: The conflict region of Southeast Europe and international and national criminal law . In: Martin Böse, Michael Bohlander, André Klip, Otto Lagodny (Eds.): Justice Without Borders: Essays in Honor of Wolfgang Schombourg . BRILL, 2018, ISBN 978-90-04-35206-3 , pp. 359 ff .
  • Republika Hrvatska - Komisija za utvrđivanje ratnih i poratnih žrtava - Vijeće za utvrñivanje poratnih žrtava komunističkog sustava ubijenih u inozemstvu (ed.): Poratne žrtoz in teroraemžRavn . Zagreb September 30, 1999 ( safaric-safaric.si [PDF]).
  • Republika Hrvatska - Komisija za utvrđivanje ratnih i poratnih žrtava (ed.): Izvješće o radu - prijedlog. Komisija za utvrđivanje ratnih i poratnih žrtava od osnutka (11th veljače 1992.) do rujna 1999. godine . Urbroj: 591-99-107 Klasa: 140-06 / 99-01 / 107. Zagreb September 1999 ( safaric-safaric.si [PDF]).
  • Background to some UDBa murders, attempted murders and kidnappings. Retrieved November 17, 2019 .
  • Prof. Dr. von Heintschel-Heinegg, Dr. Dauster, Dr. Schneider: Judgment against Krunoslav Prates for murder, Az. 6 St 005/05 (2) . Ed .: Higher Regional Court of Munich. July 16, 2008 ( safaric-safaric.si [PDF]).
  • Bože Vukušić: Tajni rat Udbe protiv hrvatskoga iseljeništva . 3rd increased edition. Zagreb 2001, ISBN 953-97963-2-6 ( hrvatskoobrambenostivo.com [PDF]).
  • Anka Vujić: UDBA: zločinački stroj . In: Zora . May 3, 1995 ( safaric-safaric.si [PDF]).
  • Hans-Peter Rullmann : Murder order from Belgrade: Documentation about the Belgrade murder machine . Ost-Dienst, Hamburg 1980.

Web links

  • Sven Röbel, Andreas Wassermann: The killer from the Balkans: Yugoslav agents hunted down Croatian separatists in Germany. Now a trial reveals how the then federal government spared the murder squads. In: DER SPIEGEL . No. 40/2015 , p. 54–56 ( spiegel.de [PDF]).
  • Jens Bauszus: ARD documentary "Murder in Tito's Name": Why the Federal Government tolerated Yugoslav killer squads . Ed .: Focus . September 30, 2014 ( focus.de ).
  • controversial: murder in Tito's name. BR Television, accessed October 14, 2014 .
  • Claus Bienfait: Belgrade's long arm: Yugoslav murder in the Federal Republic: Are the emigrant killers acting on behalf of the state? In: The time . No. 19/1982 , May 7, 1982 ( zeit.de ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Republika Hrvatska - Komisija za utvrđivanje ratnih i poratnih žrtava - Vijeće za utvrñivanje poratnih žrtava komunističkog sustava ubijenih u inozemstvu (Ed.): Poratne ž terozemstavnu . Zagreb September 30, 1999 ( safaric-safaric.si [PDF]).
  2. ↑ Prof. Dr. von Heintschel-Heinegg, Dr. Dauster, Dr. Schneider: Judgment against Krunoslav Prates for murder, Az. 6 St 005/05 (2) . Ed .: Higher Regional Court of Munich. July 16, 2008, p. 81 ( safaric-safaric.si [PDF]).
  3. ↑ Bernd Robionek: Croatian Political Refugees and the Western Allies . 2nd Edition. OEZ Berlin-Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-940452-67-2 , Documents, p. 315 (Allied intelligence report (WO 204/11574: 227A-E) of March 6, 1946.): “The motives for the murder have not yet been fully clarified but information so far to hand would indicate that the deed was organized by OZNa. "
  4. ^ Press Bureau of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ed.): Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations Correspondence . tape 14 , 1968, p. 45 .
  5. ↑ Stella Hubmayer: Bombaški napad na Hrvatski dom u Argentini: Dinka bi danas imala 58 godina. CroExpress, July 16, 2015, accessed November 20, 2019 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h Hans-Peter Rullmann : Why don't the Yugoslavs go home? : Problems of the guest workers from Yugoslavia, especially the Croats, in the Federal Republic of Germany and with the unloved homeland of Yugoslavia . Ed .: German-Croatian Society e. V. Hamburg 1985, p. without .
  7. ^ Sven Röbel, Andreas Wassermann: The killer from the Balkans: Yugoslav agents hunted Croatian separatists in Germany. Now a trial reveals how the then federal government spared the murder squads. Ed .: DER SPIEGEL . No. 40/2015 , p. 54–56 ( spiegel.de [PDF]).
  8. ↑ DER SPIEGEL (Ed.): ATTENTATE: Masterfully blurred . No. 4/1980 , January 21, 1980 ( spiegel.de [PDF]).
  9. ↑ Enver Robelli: Act Stanko Nizic - why did the Zurich hotel porter die? In: Tagesanzeiger . December 7, 2014 ( tagesanzeiger.ch ).
  10. ↑ Fifth Dan . In: Der Spiegel . No. 13/1981 , March 23, 1981 ( spiegel.de [PDF]).
  11. ↑ You have to shoot . In: Der Spiegel . No. 32/1981 , August 3, 1981 ( spiegel.de [PDF]).
  12. ↑ Claus Bienfait: Belgrade's long arm: Yugoslav murder in the Federal Republic: Do the emigrant killers act on behalf of the state? In: The time . No. 19/1982 , May 7, 1982 ( zeit.de ).
  13. ↑ Štedul, Nikola. In: Hrvatska enciklopedija. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, accessed April 7, 2020 (Croatian).
  14. ↑ Thirty years, six bullets, two countries and one home . In: The Sydney Morning Herald . November 25, 2005 ( com.au ).
  15. ↑ Stedul: The Yugoslav Hitman. December 8, 1994, accessed April 7, 2020 .