Lode (German-Baltic noble family)

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Renaissance coat of arms of the von Lode

Lode is an old German-Baltic noble family . Individual lines and members of the family could spread to Denmark , Sweden , Finland and Russia , and were also in Prussian or Saxon military services. The gender currently persists in Finland.

An ancestral relationship with the Pomeranian Lode , which died in the 18th century, has not been proven and is largely rejected by research.

history

Come here

The origin of the sex is unknown, but perhaps most likely to be looked for in the archbishopric of Bremen , where a Johannes de Lode appeared among the ministerial in the years 1218, 1225 and 1226 . This could be identical to the monastery bailiff of the same name in the Wiek below . Between 1206 and 1272 there was also a vassal family of the same name, the Counts of Schauenburg and Lords of the Lippe . Near Minden there was the monastery town of Lohde, which could also be the name- giving place of origin for the family. In 1250 the knight Henricus de Lohden and his brother Wernerus were mentioned in a document by the Bishop of Hildesheim . Elgenstierna assigns the family a Westphalian origin. According to current research, Danish descent can be ruled out.

Spread and personalities

Johannes de Lude, bailiff of Bishop Gottfried von Oesel-Wiek in 1229 , had Lode Castle built. With him, the sex appeared for the first time in the Baltic States . His presumed son, the Danish vassal dominus Odwarus de Lode (⚔ 1270) had a very extensive fiefdom of 67 hook lands in Harrien and Wierland . Another Odwarus von Lode († after 1281) was a royal Danish captain of Reval and fought with an Estonian contingent in the years 1280–1281 at the side of Konrad von Feuchtwangen against the Semgallians . The Lode were one of the leading families in Estonia well beyond the Reformation .

The Estonian houses of Pöddes, Itfer, Errides, Muddis, Kotz, Viol, Pier and Tolks all went out in the 16th, 17th or 18th centuries. From the 15th century onwards, numerous members of the family also settled in the Archbishopric and in the Dorpat Abbey . The Estonian district administrator and royal Swedish lieutenant colonel Gustav Reinhold von Lode adH Itfer (* 1678; † 1753), Herr auf Metzküll, Arras and Kelp, enrolled in the Livonian knighthood in 1742/47 (No. 6). He remained inherited.

The lines in Oesel are without a secure connection to the main line. The Katvel house was founded by Hermen Lode († before 1492), whose son Odert Lode († before 1512) was still the master of Idsel in Livonia . Friedrich Johann von Lode (* approx. 1683; † before Dec. 1753), landscape governor and district administrator on Oesel, lord on Kadvel and Cabbil, enrolled in 1741 with the Oesel knighthood . With the imperial Russian Colonel Woldemar von Lode (⚔ 1914) the house of Katvel went out. The younger house Lodenhof was donated by Hermen Lode († before 1506), Herr auf Kekko and Kaysfer, and it went out with Karl Johann von Lode († after 1714).

The Swedish nobility naturalization took place on May 14, 1630, the introduction as Lode från Livonia to the nobility class of the Swedish knighthood on May 19, 1630 (No. 144, later changed to No. 173) for the brothers adH Kuckers, Hans Lode († 1631 ), Herr auf Edeby, royal Swedish court squire and Gerhard Lode (* 1606, † after 1659), Herr auf Kuckers, Kappel and Terrastfer, Chamberlain and stable master of the Swedish Queen , sons of Formhold Lode († after 1616), Herr auf Kuckers, Söttküll and Merreküll. Gustav von Lode († 1705), son of the above Gerhard, became the progenitor of the Swedish and Finnish Lode. The former expired in 1884, the latter enrolled with the Finnish knighthood in 1810 (no. 10) and continues to the present day. Also adH Kuckers enrolled in 1744 the electoral Saxon lieutenant colonel Diedrich Johann von Lode (* 1670; † 1744), the last man on Kuckers of his sex, with the Estonian knighthood (No. 31). He remained inherited.

Historical property

The Baltic Lode were able to acquire extensive property holdings , especially in Estonia, but also in Livonia and Oesel, and later also in Ingermanland and Finland. The sketch below does not claim to be complete.

  • in Estonia: Angern, Arknal, Asserin, Attel, Buxhöweden, Errides, Habbat, Haiba, Harm, Huljel-Arbaser, Jendel, Illuck, Isen, Itfer, Kappel, Kasti, Kochtel, Koil, Kotz, Kuckers with Pier, Kyda, Lechts , Lehhet, Limmat, Merreküll, Metzikus, Muddis, Pachel, Pall, Pöddis, Rocht, Sompäh, Göttküll, Tatterrs, Thula, Toal, Tois, Tolks, Tomel in Wierland , Undel, Viol, Walk, Waschel and Wolljel
  • in Oesel: Cabbil, Jöör, Kadvel, Kalli, Kaysfer, Kekko, Kusenöm, Lodenhof, Pajomois, Randefer, Rosenhof and Würtzen
  • in Livonia:
    • Latvian district: Borrishof, Idsel, Lodenhof (four estates of the same name), Schujenpahlen and Stürzenhof,
    • Estonian district: Metzküll-Arras, Somel, Terrastfer and Unniküll,
  • in Sweden: Edeby in Södermanland , Gärdsmyra in Uppsala län , Grimstad in Östergötland and Vasa in Stockholm län
  • in Finland: Rauhalahti, Hatsalan and Harjulan, all near Kuopio , Kulsiala and Pälkäne, Sääskjärvi , Kräppelby near Borgå
  • in Russia (Ingermanland): Smerdowitzky near Jamburg and Nawolok near Luga

coat of arms

The family coat of arms shows three (2, 1) silver (originally right- facing ) lion paws in red . Five natural peacock feathers on the helmet with its red and silver covers .

Relatives

Jürgen Lode (* 1661; † 1730)
  • Reinhold Lode († after 1561), lord of Tolks and Rocht, knighthood captain in Harrien-Wierland
  • Reinhold Lode († after 1645), Lord on Katvel and District Administrator on Oesel
  • Jürgen Lode (* 1661, † 1730), royal Swedish colonel and commander of Helsinki
  • Gustav Reinhold von Lode († after 1693), 1693 Livonian district administrator
  • Gustav Reinhold von Lode (* 1678; † 1753), Lord of Kelp and Arras and Metzküll, royal Swedish lieutenant colonel and 1728–1740 Estonian district administrator
  • Arnd Johann von Lode († 1692), Lord of Itfer and Walk, royal Swedish colonel, Estonian district administrator
  • Friedrich Johann von Lode (* approx. 1683; † before Dec. 1753), landscape governor and district administrator on Oesel
  • Odvardt Helmoldt von Lode (* 1726; † 1757), Danish engraver
  • Georg Wilhelm (Göran Vilhelm) Lode (* 1741; † 1799), Royal Swedish Attorney General, later President of the courts of Vaasa and Turku
  • Karl Leonhard Lode (* 1752; † 1816), royal Swedish colonel and battalion commander
  • Eduard Philipp Julius von Lode (* 1816; † 1889), Imperial Russian Privy Councilor
  • Alexis von Lode (* 1817; † 1888), Imperial Russian Major General
  • Torsten Leonard Lode (* 1855 - † 1924), Finnish major general

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Astaf von Transehe-Roseneck : The knightly Livland drivers of the 13th century, a genealogical investigation. ed. by Wilhelm Lenz. Holzner-Verlag, Würzburg 1960, No. 49, pp. 63-64
  2. ↑ Liv-, Esth- u. Curland Document Book 3, Reval 1857, No. 101a
  3. ↑ Work on the matriculations began in Livonia in 1742. However, the matriculation date is generally given as 1747, when the work was completed.
  4. ↑ The GHdA-Lex names the year 1745 ; Ernst v. Mühlendahl and Baron Heiner v. Hoyningen gen. Huene: The Baltic Knighthoods, overview of the families listed in the registers of the Knighthoods of Livonia, Estonia, Courland and Oesel . 2nd Edition. Limburg 1973, p. 127 indicate the following for matriculation: approx. 1746 . Both years are after the death date of the test person according to the GHE p. 969 , eldest son of XIII.3.
  5. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Friedrich Johann von Lode. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
  6. ↑ Lode . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 10 : Laale – Løvenørn . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1896, p. 355 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  7. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Eduard Philipp Julius von Lode. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital