Lorenz Wessel

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Lorenz or Laurentius Wessel (* 1529 in Essen , † after 1576 probably in Austria ) was a German furrier and master singer .

Life

Meistersinger at the lecture; the “ marker ” sits behind a curtain. Drawing in a handwriting by Georg Hager, 1592

Lorenz Wessel came from Essen in the "Netherlands". Furriers ( Buntmeker, Pelzer ) have been mentioned in Essen since the Middle Ages, from 1525 the statutes of the Pelzeramt zu Essen are handed down. The family name Wessel is also contemporary in Essen.

His years of traveling as a furrier journeyman took Wessel to the Elbe , Bavaria and Austria. Wessel's stays in 1553 in Magdeburg , 1557 in Moosburg an der Isar , 1562 in Steyr and Waidhofen an der Ybbs , 1565 in Eisenerz ( Styria ), 1568, 1570 in Vienna , 1570 in Mistelbach an der Zaya ( Lower Austria ) and 1573 in Vienna .

Wessel wrote a song in Magdeburg in 1553 about the " fall of Adam and Euae ". The Magdeburg mastersinger Valentin Voith (* around 1487; † after 1558) wrote a swank about a one-eyed soap boiler who was betrayed by his wife "in short, Lorentz Wessels from Essen". Already in 1554 Hans Sachs wrote the song In the eleventh chapter about judges 11,34-40 EU "in the quarreling Lorenz Wesels". Presumably during his stay in Magdeburg, Lorenz Wessel composed a poem about the tribe and the arrival of the House of Saxony from King Sighard in Engern up to Elector August in 15 “ sentences ” of 24 lines of rhyme each, written in 1563 by the Saxon-Anhalt chronicler Ernst Brotuff was handed down.

Mastersingers on a singing chair (center). Johann Weidhofer, Iglauer Postenbrief 1612

1562 turned Lorenz Wessel at the age of 33 years, a tablature vndt order of Singer in Steyer in the country if the Ens located on. There was a Mastersinger school in Steyr, which was Protestant at the time. Lorenz Wessel von Essen wrote a song in honor of the Steyr Mastersingers in which he performed the names of the 13 masters there. The tablature was adopted in a shortened form in 1571 by the Mastersingers in the Moravian Jihlava .

In 1563, Lorenz Wessel wrote a song for Maximilian II on the occasion of his royal coronations, which he had printed - perhaps in the hope of receiving a gratuity . The first letters of the lines form the acrostic words: The Allerdvrchlevchtigisten and Grosmechtigisten Kynig and Messrs. Messrs. Maximiliano Roemischem Hungarischem vnd Boemischem Kynig Ertzhertzüge zv Oesterreich Herthaben zv Bvrgundi and Counts zv Tirol et cetera Irer Kynigck Erlichen Mayestat in praise . It closes with a Gloria Patri stanza and the line: This is what Lorentz Wessel von Essen wishes. AMEN . Around 1565, Wessel dedicated an acrostic poem in his name to the citizen of Eisenerz and bike master Andree Steinwerfer († around 1571), who became a tradesman at the Radmer mine in 1559 , which was published in an anthology of sacred songs in 1569 .

In 1566 Lorenz Wessel wrote a song about military successes against the Turks and the death of Count Nikola Šubić Zrinski (Nikolaus Schubitsch von Serin) († 1566) in Hungary , which was printed. Several unauthorized pirated prints of the font appeared in a short time . Wessel therefore turned to Emperor Maximilian II with a request for a printing privilege . The Reichshofrat , however, had no interest in protecting the copyright in poetic works and on July 21, 1567 gave Lorenz Wessel from Essen the decision,

" To notify the supplicant, the Majesty has no use for such poems and chants to give impressoria , but since he wants to let it be trukken, may he do the same for Her Majesty's sake".

Many reprints of Wessel's publications also appeared in the period that followed, and in 1570 a work was translated into Low German - Wessel's mother tongue .

Furrier's workshop, 1568

The Nuremberg Master Singer Georg Hager (* 1552; † before 1634) reports on a master song, the "dense lorencz wesl kürschner von Eisen (= Essen) ieczt jm 1567 jar, and was sent to me by singer von steyer". From the Breslauer Meistersinger Adam Pusch man (1532-1600), who recorded a song Wessels in 1568 in his collection, he was 1584/88 as "a Kirschner vnd country Reiser of Essling (= food)" means, come to the "from the Netherlands" be.

Lorenz Wessel turned against usury and speculative transactions with grain in his songs. In Mistelbach an der Zaya in 1570 he wrote a song about the torture death of the innocent theft-accused tailor Hans Rothaler, which had occurred in the nearby Eibesthal . The writing is dedicated to the Protestant sovereign Wolfgang II of Liechtenstein-Nikolsburg (1536–1585).

On January 12, 1570, a northern light was observed in the Bohemian Kutná Hora , which was regarded as a "terrifying miracle sign". Lorenz Wessel wrote a song about this phenomenon, the print of which has not been preserved. He mentioned that it was raining fire in Florence at the same time.

After his song for Count Zrinski, Wessel composed further so-called “Turkish songs” in 1571 on the occasion of the conquest of the previously Venetian city ​​of Nicosia by the Ottoman Empire (1570) and the death of Georg Thury (1519–1571), the Hungarian commander of Kanizsa (Kanischa ). In 1573 he wrote a genealogical poem of praise in 23 stanzas to Emperor Maximilian II.

Lorenz Wessel is no longer mentioned alive after 1576. The note “poem by Lor. Wesel. geschr [ieben] zu Steier 1587. 6 sept. ”in the Viennese manuscript of the master singer Peter Heiberger († after 1614) refers to the date of the copy, not the composition of a song.

Significance for the development of master singing

Lorenz Wessel is mentioned in the song collections of Heiberger, Wolf Bauttner , Paul Freudenlechner and others, in the minutes of the Meistersinger brotherhoods in Nuremberg, Augsburg or Iglau and in the notes of Hans Sachs as the creator of the following 26 "tones" or rhyme schemes honored:

  1. Long tone ("Genesim does"; The Passion of Christ : "Hear how Mark") - "holds 121 rhyme",
  2. Hoch Verschlag-Weis ( The fall of Adam and Eve , 1553; parable of Christ about the king who married his son , 1562) - 56,
  3. Krönten-Weis, Kron-Ton, crowned tone ("What I tell"; From the Saemann and the fruit of the seed , 1562: "Christ advises"; Another school art ) - 45,
  4. Braided clay ("The Old Testament") - 40,
  5. Gulden Ton ( A spiritual school art , 1562; The Gospel on the seventh Sunday after Trinity. Marci 8. caput ) - 38,
  6. Long (long devious) tone ("Moses described us clearly") - 35,
  7. Bad tone - 30,
  8. High pitched tone (“О you Christians, rejoice everyone”; “When the disciples came together in those days”; A thanksgiving etc. that God heard his own. The 34th Psalm ... ; “My child, forget my law not ") - 30,
  9. Cross tone - 30,
  10. Kaiserlicher Parat-Reien ( poem of praise to Emperor Maximilian ; "To sing") - 29,
  11. Maien-Weis ("O you faithful God, how long") - 29,
  12. Hidden Sound - 29,
  13. Tried tone ("In the preacher Solomon") - 26,
  14. Pages white - 24,
  15. Zank-Weis (" Even splendid as Totilas ") - 22,
  16. Hafer-Weis (Haber-Weis) - 22,
  17. Sounding Tag-Weis - 22,
  18. Klag-Weis ("Where a person thinks of death") - 22,
  19. Feielblüh (= violet blossom) -, Feil-Blüh- or Blüh-Weis ( Evangelii on the day of Purificationis Mariae , 1561; "Mr. Solomon the Wise"; "In the sixth we proved", 1565) - 22,
  20. Happy greetings ("As Duke Carol mighty") - 22,
  21. New tone ("О Man, how is"; The election of Matthew ) - 21,
  22. Lost Tone - 21,
  23. Kinder-Weis ( The Birth of Christ , 1561; "Hear, you Christian children") - 20,
  24. Maien-Reie-Weis or Maienblüh-Reien, also shortened (or misnamed) Maien-Weis ( The Wanderer with the Hare or From the Wanderer's Stop , 1567) - 20,
  25. Unnamed-Ton or Unnamed Weis - 19,
  26. Short tone - 14.

Lorenz Wessel also based his poems on the sounds of other Mastersingers. For example, in 1565 he wrote The Ascension of Christ in Hans Sachs' Morgenweis in Eisenerz , and in 1568 he wrote a bar in Vienna from the 4th Book of Moses in the offset tone of Paulus Ringsgwand . Because of Lorenz Wessel's use of the "overshort tone" as early as 1570, his authorship of the so-called "new Ofterdingen tones" in the younger master singing was also suspected.

Wessel composed songs on biblical texts and topics, but also on "secular histories", contemporary events or rascals. In the song The Peasant Woman with Fur , which describes how an angry furrier demands 4½ farts as payment and is outwitted by an old woman, he makes fun of his own profession.

According to Wessel, the subject matter of Freisingen in the guild-like Meistersinger brotherhoods always had to be biblical. The Mastersingers were - especially in Austria - almost unanimously close to the Reformation. Wessel's hometown of Essen had finally become Protestant in 1563 after years of conflict.

A total of at least 46 songs are known to Wessel, 40 of which are written. The Viennese manuscript of Peter Heiberger contains Wessel's poems on Exodus 20.16 EU (“8 commandment”) and Numbers 10–15 (“Since Israel went through the desert.” “Ged. Lor. W. zu Vienna. 4 May 1568 "), to the three enemies of David ( Goliat , Saul , Absalom ), to the Psalms 38 EU and 103 EU , to Proverbs 3,1 EU (" My child, do not forget my law! "), Jesus Sirach 1 , 1 EU ( "Seeing then as wisdom comes from the Lord"), Matthew 13 EU ( "Fully proof ... 1562"), Luke 11 EU ( "sept hort a, ... Screwed. Steiermann to 1587.. 6"), for Epheserbrief 5 EU ("poem ... im 1562 jar") and the Revelation of John . Heiberger's Munich manuscript contains Wessel's songs on Psalm 34 EU (text by Hans Sachs), Isaiah 53 EU (“in the confused Thon hans bird ”), Acts 1.15-25 EU ( The election of Matthew ), 10 EU and 16 EU ("In the Long Thon Hans Sachsen"), Matthäus 13,13f EU ("in the Rebenweis hans vogels" The parable of the mustard seed ), Markus 8 EU ("in the Gulden Schlagweis Lienhart Nürmberg ") as well as the poem Vomschlag des Wanderers .

Wessel's compositional work made an important contribution to the development of Upper Austrian master singing.

swell

  • Lorenz Wesl: master songs ; Lorentz Wesel: Tabulator vndt gemerck the German master singing ... Erklerung ... (copied from Hans Glöckler); Lorentz Wessel von Essen: Tablature and order of the singers in Steyer in the country above the Ens , 1562 (copied by Hans Winter); Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (manuscripts Mscr. Dresd. M.5, sheets 637f; M.6, sheets 274, 361, 404; M.7 and M.16), ( digitized and digitized of the Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats - and University Library Dresden)
  • Lorenz Wessel: Meistergesang , before 1563; Appendix to letters from Ernst Brotuff ; formerly Saxon State Archives - Main State Archives Dresden (Loc. 8225)
  • Lorenz Wessel: Master's Song , 1565; Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Prussian cultural property (Ms. germ. Qu. 583, Nürnbergische Meisterlieder approx. 1536–1617, fascicle 2, sheets 1 and 101)
  • Lorentz Wessel von Essen: A praise poem already put in maister Gesangsweiss genealogia ... to honor vnnd praise the ... prince and Mr. Maximiliano this name of the other , 1573; Austrian National Library Vienna (Ms. No. 10057)
  • Lorenz Wessel: In the Freyen ton Hanns Foltzens, name of the master Singer Zu Steur ; formerly Nuremberg City Library (Will III, No. 782 and 784)
  • Iglauer tablature and school regulations, 1571; School regulations, 1615; State District Archives Jihlava - Státní okresní archiv Jihlava (inv.no.13)
  • Thomas Stromair : Gesangbüch Teudscher Maistergesang , Wels, around 1577/78; Göttweig Abbey Library (Ms. 1033)
  • Adam Puschmann: Singebuch , 1584/88; Church library of St. Maria Magdalena in the Wroclaw City Library (No. 1009; lost)
  • Wolf Bauttner: Meisterlieder manuscripts, Nuremberg 1597–1603 and 1616–1620; Biblioteka Uniwersytecka Wrocław - Wrocław University Library (Ms. IV Fol.88b, Vol. 4 and 8)
  • Peter Heiberger: 2nd song book , Steyr, end of the 16th century; Austrian National Library Vienna (Cod. Sn 12635)
  • Peter Heiberger: 7th song book , Steyr, end of the 16th century; Bavarian State Library Munich (Cmg 5453, sheets 27–29, 36–37, 57–64, 163f)
  • Paul Freudenlechner: Master hymn book , late 16th / early 17th century; Göttweig Abbey Library (Ms. 1034)
  • Master hymn book by Hans Müller, Nuremberg 1617; University Library Erlangen (B 83 (Irm. 1668), sheet 127)

Works

  • (Acrostic Poem) A beautiful praise to honor ... Maximiliano Roman, Hungarian and Behaim Künig. ... It is also shown in it of the life and end of the ... three kings ... as David, Ezechias and Joseias . o. O. 1563 ( Google Books )
    • A nice new song by the three Kroenungen, Maximiliano Roman Hungarians and Behmische [m] Koenige etc. to honor [n] ticht… . o. O. o. J. [around 1563]
  • A beautiful new lament, recently reported, as the Türck diß 1566. Jar so miserably murdered and brought about the Christians, also how he tore down castles, Stätt, Märckt and Dörffer, especially from Zigeth and the noble hero Graffen of Serin , how he often ended his life . Jm [m] Thon: That's how I want to sing when I want to dream. Matthias Franck, Augsburg 1566
    • A very nice and powerful lament about the occupation and conquest of the fortifications of Siget in Vngern, with an indication of how Ritterlich and Mannlich der Gestreng and Wolgeborn Herr and Graff Niclaus von Serin, Rom. Kay. May. & C. General Oberster with his people of war in it and vmb his life is coming, in the month of September 1566 . Jm Thon: Oh God, I thů complain to you of the misery and great need, & c. Or how to sing the song of Olmitz. By Lorentz Wessel from Essen. (Bound with separate pagination :) The third psalm of Dauid . Jm Thon: O Jesus tender, Divine kind, & c. o. O. 1566 ( digitized version of the Berlin State Library)
    • A nice new song. About the count and the knights and heroes Count Niclaus von Serin, how he fought and fought so knightly in fights against the hereditary enemy of Christendom, the Turk and his crowd . Valentin Neuber, Nuremberg 1566 ( digitized version of the Berlin State Library)
    • A nice new song. Von dem Grafen, Thewren Ritter… How he was so knightly… Samuel Apiarius, Basel undated [around 1570]
    • A nice new song. From the count and thewren knight ... as he was so knightly ... o. O. o. J. [Schröter, Basel] 1619 ( digitized version of the Berlin State Library)
    • A nice new song. Of the count and thewren knight ... how he was so knightly ... In the sound how to sing the song of Ulmitz & c. o. O. [Berlin] 1625 ( digitized version of the Berlin State Library)
  • (Acrostichon on the name “Andreas Steinwerfer”) “ A beautiful Geystlich song, in which the poor sinner begs forgiveness of sins, but also the grace and mercy of God, in Christ Jesus prove us to console himself . By Lorentz Wessel. Im Thon: Auff gnad so wil ichs heben. ”In: Hundert Christenliche Haußgesang , Vol. I. Johann Koler, Nuremberg 1569, No. XVI
    • (Reprinted in :) Philipp Wackernagel: The German hymn from the earliest times to the beginning of the XVII. Century , Vol. IV. BG Teubner, Leipzig 1874, pp. 525f, No. 718 ( Google Books ; limited preview)
  • “ Really terrible Newe Zeittung, as it happened with an almost rich Wuechrer and Fürkhauffer in Vienna in Austria on the 18th day of April this 1570th year… All Wuecherern, Fürkhauffern and Geitzhälsen to a perverse example ... In singing white . By Lorentzen Wessel von Essen. Im Thon: But what do we lift ... "Caspar Stainhofer, Vienna 1570 ( Google Books )
    • " Really terrifying new newspaper ... " Alexander Hock, Tübingen 1570
    • Real horrific newe zeytung… . Hans Koler, Nuremberg 1570 ( Google Books )
    • Real horrible Newe Zeyttung… . sn, Mainz, 1570
  • “ Another beautiful new spiritual song, from the current dark, dangerous and severe times, with the introduction of the divine and heavenly miracles, so daily (at the present time) are heard and seen. All pious Christians are offered a comforting and reassuring warning . In thon. I call to you, Lord Jesus Christ, I hear my complaint. ”O. O. [Vienna] 1570 ( Google Books )
    • Another beautiful new Geystlich song… . (Bound) In: Warhrachtige terrifying newe zeytung… . Hans Koler, Nuremberg 1570 ( Google Books )
    • “ A beautiful nye Geistlick Leedt van den itzigen schwaren in front of ogen ostentatious geuarliken vnde strengen tyden with ynuoeringe the goedtliken wondertken so sick dachlick heard by us itziger tydt thogedragen and seen. All frame Christians tho a troestliken and truewen warning presented . “Johann I. Balhorn, Lübeck 1570
  • Three beautiful lamentations: That first, from the count and the knight, Nicolaus von Serin, how he fought and fought so knightly in hunger, against the hereditary enemy the Turck. The other, From the noble stern vnd thewren knight, Turj Georgen der Röm. Kay. May. Colonel at Camiss in Vngern, as he was vmbko [m] men through betrayal, the Turk, with his knights and Huseren, on April 9th, in the 1571th Jar, through the hereditary enemy, at the beaten vesting of Camissa . Jm Thon, I stood one morning . The third, I poor sinner complain very much, how shall I, & c . o. O. o. J. [Burger, Regensburg 1571] ( Google Books )
    • (Reprinted in :) Philipp Maximilian Körner, Johann Andreas Schmeller: Historical folk songs from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, based on the flyers available in the K. Hof- und Staatsbibliothek zu Munich, collected and edited. Ebner & Seubert, Stuttgart 1840, pp. 211–226, No. 25 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich)
  • Two terrifying Newe newspapers, which diss lxxj.Jar hant happened. The first is How the Türck took the place of Nicosiam in Cyprus, also how vil thousand Christians he captured ... The other is, From the Christian knight, Mr. Turj Georgs, as he betrayed from the Turks through betrayal, diss 1571.Jars is miserable in the Vestung Cammiss . o. O. 1571
  • A nice new song: From the terrible story that happened a mile away from Saltzburg, the 10th day of January, in the 71st year . Hold tight in thon Magdeburg. The other song: of the usurers who have bought up the grain and how God has tightened them that it has happened in this 71st year . Im thon jspruck I have to let you. o. O. o. J. [Johann I. Balhorn, Lübeck around 1571]
    • Newe newspaper, WJe in this MDLXXJ. Jar A mile away from Saltzburg you sat an amp, which had a lot of grain, waiting for big thewrung ... Item still a terrifying story, How it is with an almost rich usury, and forkauffer to Vienna in Austria , ... By Lorentz Wessel from Essen citizens to Vienna in Austria. Wilhelm Berck, Cologne 1571 ( digitized version (title page only) from the Austrian National Library, Vienna)
  • “ Warhaffige new newspaper and green description of a court action, which took place in a village called Eybenstal, near Mystelbach in the province of Austria, reported how Paurn or Rath's gentlemen there had an innocent and stupid man imprisoned for a thief, the same into the strict question restrained, until they have stretched him to death ... and is pathetic to read and to sing “... Volendt and poem to Mistelbach, by L. W. V. E. on the 15th day of August, in 1570. Michael Manger, Augsburg 1571 ( digitized version of the State Library Berlin)

literature

  • Joseph Maria Wagner: Austrian poets of the XVI. Century . In: Serapeum 25 (1864), pp. 273-283, 289-301, 305-320 and 321-333, especially pp. 299-301 ( Google Books ); Supplements and corrections . In: Serapeum 27 (1866), p. 114f ( Google Books )
  • Karl Julius Schröer : Mastersingers in Austria . In: Karl Bartsch (Ed.): German Studies , Vol. II. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna 1875, pp. 197–239 ( Google Books )
  • Theodor Distel : A master song of Lorenz Wessel to Essen (1563) . In: Zeitschrift für Museologie und Antiquitätenkunde 7 (1884), p. 124 ( Google Books ; limited preview)
  • Hans Widmann : On the history and literature of the master song in Upper Austria. With the use of previously unedited manuscripts . (Annual report of the kk Staats-Ober-Realschule in Steyr 15). Pichler, Vienna, Leipzig 1885, esp. Pp. 9–11, 19 and 21f ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich)
  • Theodor Hampe : A poem by Lorenz Wessel about the Mastersingers in Steyr . In: On the history of the master song . In: Vierteljahrschrift für Litteraturgeschichte 6 (1893), pp. 321–336, esp. Pp. 328–332 ( Google Books ; limited preview), ( digitized version in the Internet Archive)
  • Franz Streinz: The master song in Moravia . In: Contributions to the History of German Language and Literature 19 (1894), pp. 131–273 ( digitized version  in the German Digital Library )
  • Johannes Bolte : L. Wessel, The Wanderer with the Hare [1567]. In: Rhyming fairy tales and Schwänke from the 16th century . In: Zeitschrift für Volkskunde 21 (1911), pp. 91–173, esp. Pp. 171f ( digitized at archive.org)
  • Gilbert Trathnigg : The Welser Meistersinger manuscripts. Investigations into the Wels master song. In: Yearbook of the Wels Museum Association. 1 (1954), pp. 133–155, online (PDF; 3.1 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
  • Franz Streinz, Gustav Becking : The singing school in Iglau and its relationship to general German master singing . (Publications of the Collegium Carolinum 2). R. Lerche, Munich 1958, pp. 10, 23f, 85f, 97, 107 and 162
  • Horst Brunner (arrangement): Catalog of the texts. Younger part. W - Z . (Repertory of verses and master songs from the 12th to 18th centuries 13). Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 1989, p. 331
  • Johannes Rettelbach: Performance and writing in the master song of the 16th century . In: Archive for the Study of Modern Languages ​​and Literatures 155 (2003), pp. 241-258
  • Johannes Rettelbach (arrangement): Catalog of the tones . (Repertory of verses and master songs from the 12th to 18th centuries 2.1). Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 2009, pp. 304–308 ( Google Books )
  • Reimund B. Sdzuj: Art. Wessel, Lorenz (Wessl) . In: German Literature Lexicon , Vol. XXXI Werenberg – Wiedling . 3rd edition Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2012, Sp. 267–269 ( Google Books ; limited preview)

Remarks

  1. ↑ Westphalian Platt was spoken in Essen . The language border of the Uerdinger line runs through the south of today's urban area.
  2. ↑ = "has written".
  3. ↑ Perhaps the Meistersinger Caspar Singer the Elder mentioned by Heiberger. J. from Eger , of whom no other stay in Steyr is known.
  4. ↑ From Steyr, " Nadler vnd a lover of the German maistergsang zu Steyer", 1587 singing school during a visit to Wels .
  5. ↑ The "Reie" is the technical name for a musical form of presentation; see. " Round dance ".
  6. ↑ Leading Nuremberg Mastersingers of the Hans Sachs period.
  7. ↑ A "Hort" (= treasure) is a song in which the verses are sung to different melodies.
  8. ^ Black dyer Hans Glöckler (1546–1621), Meistersinger in Nuremberg, Merker.
  9. ^ Cutlery Hans Winter (1591–1627), Mastersinger in Nuremberg since 1613.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On the late shift of the term to today's Netherlands, cf. Karl Meisen: Netherlands and Oberland . In: Rheinische Vierteljahresblätter 15/16 (1950/51), pp. 417–464.
  2. ↑ a b c Georg Münzer (ed.): The Singebuch des Adam Puschmann (1584/88). Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1907, p. 22.
  3. ↑ See documents from 1164 and from August 23, 1350; Landesarchiv NRW Rhineland Duisburg department (Essen, pen, documents AA 0248, no. 19 and 468) = K. Heinrich Schäfer, Franz Arens: files and documents from the Essen Münster archive . In: Contributions to the history of the city and monastery of Essen 28 (1906), pp. 1–348, especially pp. 237f ( digitized at archive.org); ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  4. ↑ Cf. privileges and freedoms of the Pelser office ; therein: The statutes of the Pelzeramt (1525) (copy from 1752/1802). In: Franz Büscher: The statutes of the earlier guilds, offices and guilds within the city of Essen. In: Contributions to the history of the city and monastery of Essen 8 (1884), pp. 3–107, esp. Pp. 59–62 ( digitized at archive.org).
  5. ↑ E.g. documents from 1539–1547: Gerhardus Wessel, cleric (“ canonich ”) “de Assindia”, documents from 1541–1548: Ger (h) ard Wessel (s) († 1548), foreman of the Essen minster ; 1563: his wife Trine and his son Gerhard II .; 1569–1573: Christophorus (Christoffel) Wessel (Wesell), notary, and his wife; see K. Heinrich Schäfer, Franz Arens: Files and documents from the Essen Münster archive . In: Contributions to the history of the city and monastery Essen 28 (1906), pp. 170f, 175–183, 196f, 206f and 209; see. also Konrad Ribbeck: History of the Essener Gymnasium , vol. I. to 1564 . H. L. Geck, Essen 1896, pp. 30–32 ( digitized version of the University and State Library in Düsseldorf).
  6. ↑ See the entry "Lorenz Wessl dicht zu Mospurg 1557" on a song by Wessels in Thomas Stromairs' manuscript from 1577/78; Joseph Maria Wagner: Austrian poets of the XVI. Century. Supplements and corrections . In: Serapeum 27 (1866), p. 114. Wessel's stay in Moosburg in Carinthia is less likely ; see. Erich Nussbaumer: On the history of the master song in Carinthia . In: Carinthia 1 , 151 (1961), pp. 711-714, especially p. 714.
  7. ↑ a b c d e cf. Johann Willibald Nagl, Jakob Zeidler (ed.): German-Austrian Literature History , main volume. Carl Fromme, Vienna 1899, p. 544 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  8. ↑ Cf. Gottfried Fries: Was Paul Rebhuhn, the first German art dramatist, born in Waidhofen an der Ibs? . In: Blätter des Verein für Landeskunde von Niederösterreich 28 (1894), pp. 311–332, esp. P. 328 ( Google Books ; limited preview). The mastersinger Peter Heiberg from Steyr also stayed in Waidhofen.
  9. ↑ See Michael Schilling: literary history of Magdeburg up to the destruction of the city in 1631 . In: Peter Petsch, Maik Hattenhorst (Ed.): Magdeburg. The history of the city 805-2005 . Janos Stekovics, Dößel 2005, pp. 283-310, especially p. 302.
  10. ↑ Cf. Friedrich Hülße: Mastersingers in the city of Magdeburg . In: Geschichtsblätter für Stadt und Land Magdeburg 21 (1886), pp. 59–71, esp. P. 70 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  11. ↑ See Adelbert von Keller , Edmund Goetze: Hans Sachs , Vol. XXV. (Library of the Literary Society 225). Selbstverlag, Tübingen 1902, p. 459, No. 4484 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  12. ↑ Cf. Theodor Distel: A master song of Lorenz Wessel to Essen (1563) . In: Zeitschrift für Museologie und Antiquitätenkunde 7 (1884), p. 124.
  13. ↑ See Bert Nagel: Meistersang . (Metzler Collection 12). J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart 1962, p. 41.
  14. ↑ See Hans Pienn: About the former copper mining in the Radmer . In: Gerhard Heilfurth (Hrsg.): Mining traditions and mining problems in Austria and its surroundings. Festschrift for Franz Kirnbauer . Vienna 1975, pp. 140-147, especially pp. 143f.
  15. ↑ Cf. Friedrich Lehne : On the legal history of the imperial printing privileges. Their importance for the history of copyright law . In: Mitteilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 53 (1939), pp. 323–410, esp. P. 361; Ludwig Gieseke: The historical development of German copyright law . (Göttingen legal studies 22). O. Schwartz, Göttingen 1957, p. 31.
  16. ↑ = "now"; older authors read "Eisenerzzt" and related the note to Wessel's stay in Eisenerz.
  17. ^ Sächsische Landesbibliothek - State and University Library Dresden (manuscript Mscr. Dresd. M.6, fol. 274v).
  18. ↑ Cf. Gerhard Haerendel : Formation through instability . In: Negotiations of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors 111 (1980). Springer, Berlin 1981, pp. 53-61, especially p. 61.
  19. ↑ Cf. Terrible Newspaper of Zwayen Murderers… Other Newspaper. An unusual, very terrible miracle fence, which was seen in the clouds in the mountain town of Kuttenberg in the country of Behem, and in other surrounding places. ... brought into German beyond behavior. Georg Daschitsky, Prague 1570 ( Google Books ).
  20. ↑ a b Cf. Abraham Saur : Calendarium Historicum, that is a special daily house and church chronicle . Nikolaus Bassée, Frankfurt am Main 1594, p. 33 ( Google Books ) with a date of 1561 (probably written for the printing date 1571) “in the Bergstatt Guttenberg in the country of Bohemia”. Saur also mentions Wessel's song about usury near Salzburg from 1571 on p.
  21. ↑ Cf. Newe Zeyttung, Truthful and Terrible History of the Earth and Fewer Regen, as it happened at Ferrar and Florentz, the seventieth day of Nouembris in the 1570th year . o. O. [Augsburg] 1570; see. Emil Weller : The first German newspapers . Litterarischer Verein, Stuttgart 1872, No. 365, 369 and 374, pp. 211-215.
  22. ↑ See Şenol Özyurt: The Turkish songs and the image of the Turkish in German folk tradition from the 16th to the 20th century . (Motives - Freiburg folklore research 4). Wilhelm Fink, Munich 1972.
  23. ↑ Cf. Karl Julius Schröer: Meistersinger in Austria . In: Karl Bartsch (Ed.): German Studies , Vol. II. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna 1875, pp. 197–239, esp. P. 233.
  24. ↑ Cf. register for Wolf Bauttnerische manuscript 8 . In: Franz Streinz: The master song in Moravia . In: Contributions to the history of German language and literature 19 (1894), pp. 255–273.
  25. ↑ See the overview of the tones in Gilbert Trathnigg: Die Welser Meistersinger-Handschriften. Investigations into the Wels master song . In: Yearbook of the Musealverein Wels 1 (1954), pp. 147–151.
  26. ↑ See Johann Christoph Wagenseil: De Sacri Rom. Imperii Libera Civitate Noribergensi commentatio. Accedit… From the Master Singer… liber . Jodocus Wilhelm Kohlesius, Altdorf 1697, esp. Pp. 520 and 534-540 ( Google Books ); Karl Drescher (Ed.): Nürnberger Meistersinger Protocols from 1575–1689 , Vol. I 1575–1634 ; Vol. II 1635-1689 . (Library of the Literary Society 213/214). Selbstverlag, Tübingen 1897, Vol. II, p. 212f ( Google Books and Google Books ; limited preview).
  27. ↑ Cf. Horst Brunner: The school regulations and the book of reference for the Augsburg Mastersingers . Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 1991, p. 219.
  28. ↑ Cf. Franz Streinz: Documents of the Iglauer Mastersingers , Part II. (Annual report of the kk Staatsgymnasium in the 3rd district in Vienna 38). 1902, pp. 1–44, esp. P. 31f ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  29. ↑ Karl Drescher (Ed.): The Gemerkbüchlein of Hans Sachs (1555-1561) . Niemeyer, Halle / S., 1898, p. 174 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  30. ↑ See Johannes Rettelbach (arrangement): Catalog of the tones . (Repertory of verses and master songs from the 12th to 18th centuries 2.1). Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 2009, pp. 304-308.
  31. ↑ Cf. Karl Drescher (Ed.): Nürnberger Meistersinger-Protocols from 1575–1689 , Vol. II, pp. 53, 63 and 66: “feil plie”.
  32. ↑ See Strein, p. 263.
  33. ↑ a b Cf. Johannes Rettelbach: Variation, Derivation, Imitation. Investigations into the tones of the song poets and master singers . (Early modern period 14). Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 1993, pp. 277 and 340f ( Google Books ).
  34. ↑ state and university library Dresden (manuscripts Dresd Mscr M.5, leaves 637f..); see. Horst Brunner (arrangement): Catalog of the texts. Younger part. W - Z . (Repertory of verses and master songs from the 12th to 18th centuries 13). Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 1989, p. 340 ( Google Books ; restricted view).
  35. ↑ Cf. Rudolf Quoika: The Music of the Germans in Bohemia and Moravia . Merseburger, Berlin 1956, p. 18.
  36. ↑ Cf. Karl Julius Schröer: Meistersinger in Austria . In: Karl Bartsch (Ed.): German Studies , Vol. II. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna 1875, pp. 197–239, esp. P. 237.
  37. ↑ Fragment in the State District Archives (formerly: City Archives) Iglau.
  38. ↑ Catalog online at www.manuscripta-mediaevalia.de.
  39. ↑ Cf. Anton Schmid: Contributions to the literature and history of music art (continuation) . In: Caecilia 24 (1845), pp. 119-128, especially p. 119 ( Google Books ).
  40. ↑ Cf. Georg Andreas Will: Bibliotheca Norica Williana , Vol. III. Johann Paul Meyer, Altdorf 1774, pp. 162f ( Google Books ); Theodor Hampe: A poem by Lorenz Wessel about the Mastersingers in Steyr . In: On the history of the master song . In: Vierteljahrschrift für Litteraturgeschichte 6 (1893), pp. 321–336, esp. Pp. 328f.
  41. ↑ Printed by Adolf Ritter von Wolfskron: Contributions to the history of the master song in Moravia . (Writings of the historical-statistical section of the kk Ackerbaugesellschaft 7, Appendix II). sn, Brno 1854; Karl Werner: Contributions to the culture history of the royal. District and mountain town Iglau in the XVI. and XVII. Centuries. In: Program of the kk Obergymnasium in Iglau 1853/54. Iglau 1854, pp. 9-13 and 16.
  42. ^ Cf. Emil Bohn: The musical manuscripts of the 16th and 17th centuries in the city library in Breslau . Hainauer, Breslau 1890, pp. 378-401 (reprinted by Olms, Hildesheim 1970).
  43. ↑ Cf. Max Brissel: Eine Meistersängerhandschrift . In: Intelligence-Blatt zum Serapeum 26 (1865), pp. 113-118 and 121-124 ( Google Books ).
  44. ↑ Cf. Wendelin von Maltzahn : German book treasures of the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century . Friedrich Mauke, Jena 1875, No. 790, p. 125.
personal data
SURNAME Wessel, Lorenz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wessel, Laurentius; Wesl, Lorencz; Wesel, Lorentz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German furrier and mastersinger
DATE OF BIRTH 1529
PLACE OF BIRTH eat
DATE OF DEATH after 1576
Place of death unsure: Austria