Městys Bílá Voda
| Městys Bílá Voda | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Olomoucký kraj | ||||
| District : | Jeseník | ||||
| Municipality : | Bílá Voda | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 27 ' N , 16 ° 55' E | ||||
| Height: | 305 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 241 (2011) | ||||
| Postal code : | 790 69 | ||||
| License plate : | M. | ||||
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| Street: | Javorník - Złoty Stok | ||||
Městys Bílá Voda (German white water market , Polish Miasteczko Biała Woda ) is a district of the municipality of Bílá Voda in the Czech Republic . It is located three kilometers east of Złoty Stok on the Polish border and belongs to the Okres Jeseník .
geography
Městys Bílá Voda is located at the foot of the Reichenstein Mountains ( Rychlebské hory ) in the valley of the Bílá voda ( White Water ) brook . To the north rises the Grzbietnik ( Finkenkoppe , 312 m npm), in the southeast of the Dřinový vrch ( Habichtstein , 489 m nm), south of the Na Střelnici (433 m nm) and the U Šesti lip ( Ritscheberg , 562 m nm), in the southwest the Jahodník ( Erdbeerkoppe , 576 m nm), the Kohlkoppe (502 m nm), the Paseka ( Alter Hau , 541 m nm) and the Scholzenberg (491 m nm) and west of the Na Vychlídce ( Hutberg , 425 m nm). The game reserve Bílá Voda extends to the south.
Neighboring towns are Kolonia Błotnica ( Plottnitz Colony ) and Błotnica ( Plottnitz ) in the north, Kozielno in the northeast, Kamienica in the east, Kamenička in the southeast, Hundorf in the south, Karlov and U Šišky in the southwest, Ves Bílá Voda and Błotnica Górna in the west and Płonica ( Dörndorf ) in the northwest.
history
The village of Weißwasser was first mentioned in writing in 1532. In the middle of the 16th century Weißwasser was given its own Protestant parish, and in 1564 a married pastor was mentioned. In 1604 the new parish church of St. Anna. During the Thirty Years' War the village became deserted and the parish became extinct; Weißwasser was then reassigned to the parish of Kamitz . During the recatholization, the pilgrimages to the statue of Mary in the Weißwasseraner church were resumed. A school in Weißwasser was first mentioned in 1651. For a long time the village belonged to the Hertwigswaldau estate . In 1687, Count Franz Karl von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn inherited Hertwigswaldau and had a castle built in Weißwasser. His son Jakob Ernst von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn , who took over the estate in 1709 after his father's death, founded the first Piarist college in Silesia between Weißwasser and Kamitz in 1727 , he renewed the parish of Weißwasser and handed it over to the Piarists, who also took over the local trivial school . In 1733 the construction of the monastery and school buildings, in which six years of high school classes took place, was completed. The important Piarist College formed the basis for the rapid flowering of Weißwasser as a cultural center and place of pilgrimage; a new town center was built above the monastery.
When Silesia was partitioned, Weisswasser remained with Austria after the preliminary peace in Breslau in 1742 , while Hertwigswaldau fell to Prussia . The seat of the border commission negotiating the new border line was Weißwasser. The Prussian border ran to the north, east and west of Weißwasser, and the new border cut through the Piarist College. The Weißwasser estate was henceforth listed in the Troppauer Landtafel as an allodial estate , but it remained connected to the Prussian rule of Hertwigswaldau. After the death of the Bishop of Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn in 1747 his nephew Karl Otto Graf von Salm und Neuburg inherited the property. In 1748 he had the Weißwasseraner Unterdorf elevated to a market town. The linen finishing company , founded in 1771, soon ceased operations. In 1794, Weißwasser was separated from the Hertwigswaldau dominion. The Piarist high school was closed in 1829.
In 1836, the Weißwasser market consisted of 73 houses in a lane that extended in the middle of the ring , in which 494 German-speaking people lived. The Piarist monastery with the church, located partly on Prussian territory, formed the eastern end. There was also an inn, three taverns, a grinding mill and an Imperial and Royal Customs Office in the village. Statues of St. Johannes von Nepomuk, Florian and Wendelin. In the Weißwasser market, which is subject to protection of the Counts d'Ambly at Schloss Weißwasser , four annual markets and a weekly market were held every Thursday. The administration was the responsibility of the market judge and his court assessors. The main sources of income were agriculture and various trades. Markt Weißwasser was the parish and school location for the villages belonging to the estate and Ober Gostitz , a trivial school existed in the village of Weißwasser . Until the middle of the 19th century Markt Weißwasser remained subordinate to the allodial property Weißwasser.
After the abolition of patrimonial , Weißwasser Markt formed the core town of the market town of Weißwasser / Bílávoda in the judicial district of Jauernig from 1849 . In the 19th century, a border regulation took place in the northwest of the district; the narrow corner protruding two kilometers into the Prussian territory along the Heider Graben ( Pasecký potok ) was assigned to the community of Plottnitz ( Błotnica ). From 1869, Weißwasser Markt belonged to the Freiwaldau district. At that time, Weißwasser Markt had 498 residents and consisted of 70 houses. The Czech place name Bílá Voda (městec) was introduced at the end of the 19th century. In 1900, 526 people lived in Weißwasser Markt , in 1910 there were 485. In the 1921 census, 457 people lived in the 76 houses in the district, including 359 Germans and seven Czechs. In 1930 Weißwasser Markt consisted of 74 houses and had 492 residents. The fountain pen factory Hanns Roggenbuck & Co. ( HARO ) from Frankenstein opened an operating facility in 1930. In September 1938 units of the Sudeten German Freikorps occupied the Weißwasseraner Zipfel. After the Munich Agreement , the village was assigned to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Freiwaldau district until 1945 . In the winter of 1945 a death march of prisoners from the Auschwitz concentration camp passed through the town.
After the end of the Second World War Městys Bílá Voda came back to Czechoslovakia; most of the German-speaking residents were expelled in 1945/46 . At the same time, the adjacent Prussian areas of the Republic of Poland were added and the border closed. Because of the resulting isolated location, there was only a small resettlement, some of the new settlers soon left Městys Bílá Voda. During this time Městys Bílá Voda sank to the village. In 1950 the place had only 263 inhabitants. In autumn 1950, as part of Aktion K, an internment camp was set up in the monastery buildings for older or incapable nuns. In the course of the Polish-Czechoslovak border regulation of June 13, 1958, an exchange of territory took place at Městys Bílá Voda. From the Polish municipality of Kamienica Městys Bílá Voda received the shares in the monastery and church properties, the houses located there to the right of the Bílá Voda brook were assigned to the Kamenička district as Kamenička-u Bílé Vody . During the territorial reform of 1960, the Okres Jeseník was abolished and Městys Bílá Voda was incorporated into the Okres Šumperk . After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, the internment camp was closed. The nuns gradually left Městys Bílá Voda, thereby reducing the population from 417 (1991) to half within a decade. Since 1996 Městys Bílá Voda has belonged to Okres Jeseník again. In the 2001 census, 202 people lived in the 40 houses in the village.
Local division
The district of Městys Bílá Voda is part of the cadastral district of Bílá Voda u Javorníka .
Attractions
- Piarist monastery Bílá Voda, founded in 1723 by Jakob Ernst von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn
- Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, built 1755–1765 in place of one of St. Anna consecrated previous building
- Baroque statues of hll. Florian and Johannes von Nepomuk on the ring
- Cemetery with the graves of interned nuns and the communal grave of the victims of the death march of inmates of the Auschwitz concentration camp
- Museum of Isolation, Internment and Integration ( Muzeum izolace, internace a integrace )
literature
- Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2005 , part 1, p. 650
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Faustin Ens : The Oppaland or the Opava district, according to its historical, natural history, civic and local peculiarities. Volume 4: Description of the location of the principalities of Jägerndorf and Neisse, Austrian Antheils and the Moravian enclaves in the Troppauer district . Vienna 1837, pp. 321–323
- ↑ Chytilův místopis ČSR, 2nd updated edition, 1929, p. 1389 Vlkovice Moravské - Voda Černá
- ↑ Část obce Městys Bílá Voda: podrobné informace , uir.cz
