Mayak (Kaliningrad)
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Majak
Brüsterort Маяк
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Mayak ( Russian Маяк , German Brüsterort ) is a small town in the Russian Oblast of Kaliningrad . It belongs to the local government unit Stadtkreis Swetlogorsk in svetlogorsky district .
Geographical location
Mayak is located on the northwestern tip of the Samland and is 44 kilometers from Kaliningrad (Koenigsberg) and 14 kilometers from Svetlogorsk (Rauschen) . A side road leads from Donskoje (Groß Dirschkeim) in a northerly direction to the town. The nearest train station is called Donskoye-Novoye and is located in the Donskoye area. The railway line from Warnicken (now Russian: Lesnoje) on the Samland Railway to Fischhausen (Primorsk), which was completed in the Second World War , is no longer in operation.
Place name
The German name Brüsterort is derived from a bay that stretched to the top and was called Breasts . The Russian name Mayak means “lighthouse” and refers to the legendary flashing beacon on the northwestern headland.
history
Alexander von Humboldt raved about the small village, called Brüsterort until 1946 , when, in 1809, after a storm-lashed night at the lighthouse in Brüsterort, he described it as the largest and most beautiful thing I have experienced since my departure from Italy . In 1874 Brüsterort in the newly built was District United Dirschkeim (now Russian: Donskoje) incorporated, which until 1939 the county Fischhausen from 1939 to 1945 County Samland in the administrative district of Konigsberg the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged. At the end of the 19th century, Brüsterort became famous for a Krantzit find.
On July 2, 1898, the neighboring Finken estate (now in Russian: Molodogwardeiskoje) and Brüsterort was formed into the Finken manor district , which was incorporated with Brüsterort after Groß Dirschkeim on November 29, 1928. From the mid-1930s, Brüsterort Air Base was in operation.
Northern East Prussia, and with it Brüsterort, came to the Soviet Union in 1945 as a result of the war . The place received the Russian name Mayak in 1950 and was assigned at the same time to the village soviet Jantarski selski Sowet in Primorsk Raion . Later the place was administered from the Primorye urban-type settlement . From 2007 to 2018 Mayak belonged to the urban municipality of Gorodskoye posselenije Donskoye in Svetlogorsk Raion and since then to the Svetlogorsk district.
Cape Brüsterort / Mys Taran
The north-western tip of the Samland peninsula was called Cape Brüsterort before 1946 and is now called Mys Taran (Мыс Таран, Taran = "battering ram") in Russian. Here the storms are particularly rough and have thus particularly shaped the character of the landscape. A stone reef protrudes four kilometers below the water surface into the Baltic Sea. Many ships have crashed on this cape. Hikers can hike along the wild and romantic cliff coast and explore the storm-tossed cape. In a southerly direction (town of Jantarny (Palmnicken) ) the steep edge gradually turns into gentle slopes. In an easterly direction (city of Svetlogorsk (Rauschen) ) is one of the most beautiful sections of the Amber Coast .
A large part of the Mys Taran is now a restricted military area, which makes management, cultivation and maintenance of the landscape almost impossible.
Brüsterort lighthouse
After numerous ship accidents, a warning light was only installed in 1709 as protection from the stone reef of Cape Brüsterort. Until then, one relied on the navigation mark of the widely visible tower of the parish church in Sankt Lorenz (today Russian: Salskoje), which was about 20 kilometers south-east and four kilometers inland. From 1804 there were fire beacons and in 1846 a 30 meter high lighthouse with a flashing beacon was finally built on the cape , which shone 59 meters above sea level and was visible 21 nautical miles away.
As in Soviet times, the area around the lighthouse is a military exclusion zone.
church
The almost exclusively Protestant population of Brüsterort was incorporated into the parish of the parish church in Heiligenkreutz (today Russian: Krasnotorowka) before 1945 . It belonged to the Fischhausen parish in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union . Today Mayak is located in the catchment area of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Resurrection in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) in the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia . There is a Russian Orthodox church in nearby Donskoye .
literature
- Ferdinand Falkson : Three weeks Brüsterort , 1874
- Johannes Richard zur Megede : Das Blinkfeuer von Brüsterort , 1901
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Mayak - Brüsterort at ostpreussen.net
- ^ Location information East Prussia picture archive: Brüsterort
- ↑ Travel report Cranz / Westend
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Groß Dirschkeim district
- ↑ The Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 5 июля 1950 г., №745 / 3, "О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Regulation 745/3 of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR "About renaming of places of Kaliningrad Oblast" from July 5, 1950)
- ↑ Mayak - Brüsterort at ostpreussen.net (as above)
- ↑ Travel report Cranz / Westend (as above)
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty Kaliningrad ( Memento of the original dated August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
