Manly Wade Wellman

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Manly Wade Wellman (1931).

Manly Wade Hampton Wellman (born May 21, 1903 in Kamundongo, Portuguese West Africa ; died April 5, 1986 in Chapel Hill , North Carolina ) was an American writer best known for his science fiction , fantasy , and horror stories .

Life

Wellman was the youngest child in a versatile family. His father, Frederick Creighton Wellman, was a doctor, gifted painter, and author. His mother was Lydia, née Isely. His eldest brother, Paul I. Wellman, was a western novelist, and his brother, Frederick Lovejoy Wellman, was a plant physiologist , agronomist, and leading specialist in coffee diseases. His sister Alice Wellman was the author of several novels and a book on witchcraft and voodoo .

Wellman was born in Portuguese West Africa in what is now Angola , where his father worked as a doctor. He came to the United States in 1909 when he was six years old. He attended a private high school in Utah , where he played in the football team center , and then studied in Kansas with a football player scholarship at Wichita University , where he graduated in 1926 with a Bachelor of Arts . He then studied at Columbia University , where he earned a bachelor's degree in literature in 1927 .

After graduating, he became a reporter and wrote articles for the Wichita Beacon until 1930 and for the Wichita Eagle until 1934 . He then became a full-time writer. From 1936 to 1938 he was deputy project manager in New York for the Works Projects Administration's Writers' Project , a job creation scheme for unemployed intellectuals under the New Deal .

Wellman's first short story, Back to the Beast, about a scientist who uses a serum to reverse evolution and regress to animals, was published in November 1927 in the pulp magazine Weird Tales . Many of his early texts appeared in rather obscure magazines, from the early 1930s he began to publish science fiction in Hugo Gernsback's magazines. Wellman's first individual publication appeared here in 1932, a booklet with the short story The Invading Asteroid . It was the time of the Great Depression and life was difficult for Wellman and his wife. In 1930 he married the music student Frances Obrist. When Wellman succeeded in 1935 to sell Outlaws of Callisto for $ 150 to Astounding , where it appeared as the cover story in April 1936, the economic situation of the two began to improve. In 1937 his son Wade Wellman was born.

In early 1940 Wellman worked briefly for a comic strip syndicate and soon began writing scripts for comics himself , including the first episodes of the Captain Marvel comics appearing on Fawcett Publications . Wellman would then play a role in the legal battle in which DC Comics accused Fawcett of plagiarizing the Superman character for Captain Marvel. Wellman also wrote the scripts for several episodes of The Spirit .

After World War II, during which Wellman served in the New Jersey Coast Guard , he stopped writing comics and wrote relatively little for Pulp Magazines, the era of which was drawing to a close. The Wellmans moved to Pinebluff , North Carolina, and Wellman began writing books. He had previously won the first prize advertised by Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine in 1946 for his short story A Star for a Warrior . Second prize went to William Faulkner , who was not yet recognized in the USA at the time , and who could use the prize money well, but was not very happy to come second after a Pulp author. Faulkner then won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1949 and, after Faulkner's death in 1962, Wellman was offered the writer-in-residency position at the University of Virginia , which Faulkner had previously held since 1957. He refused.

From then on Wellman mainly wrote books: In 1947 the detective novel Find My Killer was published and received appreciative reviews. In 1949 Giant appeared in Gray , his biography of the Southern General Wade Hampton , after whom he was named. In 1951, the Wellmans finally moved to Chapel Hill, where Wellman would live until his death. But first several successful years followed: In 1956, Wellman won the Edgar Allan Poe Award , the most prestigious prize in the field of crime literature, and Rebel Boast , in which he saw the Civil War from the perspective of several participants with Dead and Gone , a story of famous crime cases in North Carolina describes, was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in 1960 .

In total, Wellman has written about 500 short stories and about 80 books, including some non-fiction, mostly historical works on the Civil War and regional history of North Carolina. From 2000 to 2003 five volumes with a selection of his short stories were published. Five of his novels are available in German translation, and a good dozen of his short stories are scattered in anthologies .

The criticism did and still is difficult to assess and classify Wellman's work. He has written something worth mentioning in the genres of science fiction, fantasy, horror and crime. The fact that he also liked to cross genre boundaries, mixing genres and characters from different worlds, doesn't make classification any easier. For example, his novel Sojarr of Titan is a story of Tarzan in space, the hero of the John Thunstone series is a detective in the realm of the occult, and in his most famous cycle about John the Balladeer , Wellman mixes Appalachian folklore, southern colors, folklore and elements of fantasy and horror so thoroughly that some readers thought the demonic shonokins he had invented to be authentic folklore, if not real. In the short story series Sherlock Holmes Versus Mars , which he wrote with his son Wade, Sherlock Holmes is confronted with the Martians from HG Wells ' War of the Worlds . The series is considered the forerunner of steampunk . He is attested to writing consistently with solid craftsmanship and is often well above average in quality, but one does not like to recognize excessive originality or the pathos of crossing borders.

Everyone agrees that the stories about John the Balladeer are Wellman's best works. John is a folk singer whose guitar is strung with silver strings and who wanders through the mountains of the Appalachians, constantly having dangerous encounters with supernatural beings. The series began in 1951 with O Ugly Bird! and from 1979 Wellman processed the material in five novels, the anthology Who Fears the Devil ? , published by Arkham House . (1963) is considered decisive. In 1972 this served as a template for the film The Legend of Hillbilly John , which, however, did not find Wellman's approval.

From 1962 to 1970 Wellman was a lecturer in creative writing at Elon College in Elon, North Carolina, and from 1963 to 1973 he gave evening classes at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . After the end of his teaching activity he was able to devote himself more to writing. During these years he wrote the novels about his characters John the Balladeer and John Thunstone .

In 1985, Wellman had been operated on as a result of a fall injury and, while convalescing, sore heels developed, the resulting wound infection could no longer be brought under control, led to several amputations and Wellman died of the consequences in 1986 at the age of 82 . His wife Frances died in 2000.

Awards

Since 2014, the Manly Wade Wellman Award for Science Fiction and Fantasy has been presented annually to an SF or fantasy author from North Carolina in honor of Wellman's memory .

bibliography

Series

The series are arranged according to the year of publication of the first part.

Jack Stillwell (short stories)
  • When Planets Clashed (1931)
  • The Disc-Men of Jupiter (1931)
Judge Keith Hilary Pursuivant (Short Stories, as Goose T. Field)
  • The Hairy Ones Shall Dance (1938)
  • The Black Drama (1938, also as Romance in Black , 1946)
  • The Dreadful Rabbits (1940)
  • The Half-Haunted (1941)
    • German: Half a haunted house. Translated by Joachim A. Frank. In: Klaus Seehafer (ed.): Das GeisterHausBuch: Volume 1. Ravensburger Taschenbuch # 1652, 1987, ISBN 3-473-51652-X . Also as: The ghost mill. In: Kurt Singer (Ed.): Ice cold is the dead hand. Pabel (Vampire Paperback # 16), 1974.
Hok the Mighty (short stories)
  • Battle in the Dawn (1939)
  • Hok Goes to Atlantis (1939)
  • The Day of the Conquerors (1940)
  • Hok Draws the Bow (1940)
  • Hok and the Gift of Heaven (1941)
  • Hok Visits the Land of Legends (1942)
    • English: Hok visits the land of legends. In: Joachim Körber (Ed.): The great reading book of classical fantasy. Goldmann Fantasy # 24818, 1998.
  • The Love of Oloana (1986)
  • Untitled Hok Fragment (1989)
  • Battle in the Dawn: The Complete Hok the Mighty (2010, Collection)
Sgt.Jaeger (short stories)
  • Fearful Rock (1939)
  • Coven (1942)
John Thunstone

Short stories:

  • The Third Cry to Legba (1943)
  • The Golden Goblins (1944)
  • Hoofs (1944)
  • The Letters of Cold Fire (1944)
  • John Thunstone's Inheritance (1944)
  • Sorcery from Thule (1944)
  • The Dead Man's Hand (1944)
  • Thorne on the Threshold (1945)
  • The Shonokins (1945)
  • Blood from a Stone (1945)
  • The Dai Sword (1945)
  • Twice Cursed (1946)
  • Shonokin Town (1946)
  • The Leonardo Rondache (1948)
  • The Last Grave of Lill Warren (1951)
    • English: The last grave of Lill Warran. In: Charles G. Waugh, Martin Greenberg (1941–2011) (Eds.): Vampire. Bastei Lübbe General series # 13134, 1988, ISBN 3-404-13134-7 .
  • Rouse Him Not (1982)

Collection:

  • The Complete John Thunstone (2012)

Novels:

  • 1 What Dreams May Come (1983)
  • 2 The School of Darkness (1985)
John the Balladeer / Silver John

Short stories:

  • O Ugly Bird! (1951)
  • The Desrick on Yandro (1952)
  • Vandy, Vandy (1953)
  • One Other (1953)
  • Dumb Supper (1954, also as Call Me from the Valley )
  • The Little Black Train (1954)
    • English: The little black train. In: Edward L. Ferman, Anne Jordan (eds.): The best horror stories. Droemer Knaur (Knaur Horror # 1835), 1989, ISBN 3-426-01835-7 .
  • Shiver in the Pines (1955)
  • Walk Like a Mountain (1955)
  • Old Devlins Was A-Waiting (1956)
  • On the Hills and Everywhere (1956)
  • Nine Yards of Other Cloth (1958)
    • English: Nine ells of the finest cloth. In: Terry Carr, Martin Harry Greenberg (eds.): Dream realm of magic: highlights of modern fantasy. Heyne Science Fiction & Fantasy # 4254, 1985, ISBN 3-453-31262-7 .
  • Wonder as I Wander: Some Footprints on John's Trail Through Magic Mountains (1962)
  • The Spring (1979)
  • Trill Coster's Burden (1979)
  • Owls Hoot in the Daytime (1980)
  • Can These Bones Live? (1981)
  • Nobody Ever Goes There (1981)
  • Where Did She Wander? (1987)

Farther Down the Trail

  • John's My Name (1963)
  • Nary Spell (1963)
  • None Wiser for the Trip (1963)
  • Why They're Named That (1963)

Wonder as I Wander: Some Footprints on John's Trail Through Magic Mountains

  • Blue Monkey (1962)
  • Find the Place Yourself (1962)
  • I Can't Claim That (1962)
  • The Stars Down There (1962)
  • Then I Wasn't Alone (1962)
  • Who Else Could I Count On (1962)
    • German: I said to myself, as I said. In: Isaac Asimov, Martin Harry Greenberg, Joseph D. Olander (eds.): Fireworks of the SF. Goldmann (Edition '84: The Positive Utopias # 8), 1984, ISBN 3-442-08408-3 .
  • You Know the Tale of Hoph (1962)

Collections:

  • Who Fears the Devil? (1963)
  • John the Balladeer (1988)

Novels:

  • 1 The Old Gods Waken (1979)
  • 2 After Dark (1980)
  • 3 The Lost and the Lurking (1981)
  • 4 The Hanging Stones (1982)
  • 5 The Voice of the Mountain (1984)
  • Iron Scouts
  • 1 The Ghost Battalion: A Story of the Iron Scouts (1958)
  • 2 Ride, Rebels !: Adventures of the Iron Scouts (1959)
  • 3 Appomattox Road: Final adventures of the Iron Scouts (1960)
Sherlock Holmes Versus Mars (short stories, with Wade Wellman)
  • The Adventure of the Martian Client (1969)
  • Venus, Mars, and Baker Street (1972)
  • Sherlock Holmes Versus Mars (1975)
    • English: Sherlock Holmes versus Mars. In: Manfred Kluge (ed.): The gift of the fakir. Heyne Science Fiction & Fantasy # 3486, 1976, ISBN 3-453-30356-3 .
  • Appendix: A Letter from Dr. Watson (1975)
  • George E. Challenger Versus Mars (1975)
  • Sherlock Holmes's War of the Worlds (1975, also as The War of the Worlds , 2009, collection)
  • The Adventure of the Crystal Egg (1975)
Lee Cobbett (short stories)
  • A Witch for All Seasons (1973)
  • The Beasts That Perish (1975)
  • The Dakwa (1977)
  • Willow He Walk (1983)
Southern Appalachia (short stories)
  • Dead Man's Chair (1973)
  • Goodman's Place (1974)
  • The Ghastly Priest Doth Reign (1975)
  • Where the Woodbine Twineth (1976)
  • Caretaker (1977)
  • Hundred Years Gone (1978)
Cardios (short stories)
  • Straggler from Atlantis (1977)
    • English: The straggler of Atlantis. In: Andrew J. Offutt (Ed.): Atlantis is everywhere. Goldmann Fantasy # 23802, 1981, ISBN 3-442-23802-1 .
  • The Dweller in the Temple (1977)
  • The Guest of Dzinganji (1978)
  • The Edge of the World (1979)
  • The Seeker in the Fortress (1979)

Novels

If two years of publication are given, the first is that of the first edition and the second that of the first edition (as a book).

  • Nuisance Value (1938, also as The Dark Destroyers , 1959)
    • German: The Kaltzeller. Moewig (Terra # 130), 1960. Also called: Invasion of the Ice World. Ullstein 2000 # 27 (2898), 1972, ISBN 3-548-02898-5 .
  • Giants from Eternity (1939, 1959)
  • Twice in Time (1940)
  • Sojarr of Titan (1941, 1949)
  • Strangers on the Heights (1944, 2004)
  • The Solar Invasion (Captain Future # 20, 1946, 1968)
    • English: The robbed moon. Pabel (Utopia Science Fiction # 307), 1962.
  • A Double Life (1947)
  • Find My Killer (1947)
  • The Sleuth Patrol (1947)
  • The Mystery of Lost Valley (1948)
    • German: The secret of the lonely valley Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft. Union, Stuttgart 1950.
  • The Beasts from Beyond (1950)
  • The Raiders of Beaver Lake (1950)
  • The Haunts of Drowning Creek (1951)
  • Wild Dogs of Drowning Creek (1952)
  • The Last Mammoth (1953)
  • Gray Riders: Jeb Stuart and His Men (1954)
  • Rebel Mail Runner (1954)
  • Flag on the Levee (1955)
  • Fort Sun Dance (1955)
  • To Unknown Lands (1956)
  • Young Squire Morgan (1956)
  • Lights Over Skeleton Ridge (1957)
  • Candle of the Wicked (1960)
  • Third String Center (1960)
  • Island in the Sky (1961)
    • English: The flying island. Translated by Arnold G. Ludwig. Pabel (Utopia Science Fiction # 88), 1957. Also called: Island of Tyrants. Translated by Heinz Zwack. Ullstein 2000 # 19 (2876), 1972, ISBN 3-548-02876-4 .
  • Battle for King's Mountain (1962)
  • Clash on the Catawba (1962)
  • Not At These Hands (1962)
  • Rifles at Ramsour's Mill: A Tale of the Revolutionary War (1962)
  • Settlement on Shocco: Adventures in Colonial Carolina (1963)
  • The River Pirates (1963)
  • The South Fork Rangers (1963)
  • The Master of Scare Hollow (1964)
  • Mystery at Bear Paw Gap (1965)
  • The Great Riverboat Race: A Tale of the Natchez and the Robert E. Lee (1965)
  • Battle at Bear Paw Gap (1966)
  • The Specter of Bear Paw Gap (1966)
  • Jamestown Adventure (1967)
  • Brave Horse: The Story of Janus (1968)
  • Carolina Pirate (1968)
  • Frontier Reporter (1969)
  • Mountain Feud (1969)
  • Napoleon of the West: A Story of the Aaron Burr Conspiracy (1970)
  • Fast Break Five (1971)
  • The Beyonders (1977)
    • German: The Schattensee. Translated by Eva Schwarz. Bastei Lübbe Horror Library # 70022, 1980, ISBN 3-404-70022-8 .
  • Cahena (1986)

Collections

  • Worse Things Waiting (1973)
  • Lonely Vigils (1981)
  • The Valley So Low (1987)
  • Twice in Time (1988)
  • Who Fears the Devil ?: The Complete Silver John (2010)
  • A Wellman Duo ... Devil's Asteroid & The Golgotha ​​Dancers (2011)
  • West Point 3000 AD and The Invading Asteroid (2012)
The Selected Stories of Manly Wade Wellman
  • 1 The Third Cry to Legba and Other Invocations (2000)
  • 2 The Devil is Not Mocked and Other Warnings (2001)
  • 3 Fearful Rock and Other Precarious Locales (2001)
  • 4 Sin's Doorway and Other Ominous Entrances (2003)
  • 5 Owls Hoot in the Daytime and Other Omens (2003)

Short stories

  • Back to the Beast (1927)
  • When the Lion Roared (1927)
  • Faithful Footsteps (1931)
  • The Invading Asteroid (1932)
  • Rebels of the Moon (1932, with Max Jergovic)
  • At the Bend of the Trail (1934)
  • Outlaws on Callisto (1936)
  • Space Station No. 1 (1936)
  • The Kelpie (1936)
  • The Theater Upstairs (1936)
  • The Horror Undying (1936, also as The Undead Soldier )
    • English: The deathless horror. In: Michel Parry (ed.): Dracula's rivals. Pabel (Vampire Paperback # 70), 1979.
  • Rule of the Bee (1937)
  • School for the Unspeakable (1937)
  • The Golgotha ​​Dancers (1937)
  • The Werewolf Snarls (1937, also as Among Those Present )
  • The Terrible Parchment (1937)
    • English: The parchment of horror. In: Frank Festa (ed.): HP Lovecrafts Necronomicon. Festa, 2018, ISBN 978-3-86552-324-2 .
  • Dead Dog (1938)
  • Glimpse (1938)
  • Men Against the Stars (1938)
  • The Robot and the Lady (1938)
  • Treasure Asteroid (1938)
  • Up Under the Roof (1938)
  • Wings of the Storm (1938)
  • Pithecanthropus Rejectus (1938)
    • English: Pithecanthropus Rejectus. In: Michel Parry (ed.): Frankenstein's rivals. Pabel (Vampire Paperback # 66), 1978.
  • Dream-Dust from Mars (1938)
    • German: Traumstaub. In: Kurt Singer (Ed.): 13 horror stories. Heyne (Heyne Anthologies # 36), 1972.
  • The Cavern (1938, with Gertrude Gordon)
  • Brothers of Fate (1939)
  • Changeling (1939)
  • Forces Must Balance! (1939)
  • For Fear of Little Men (1939)
  • For Love of a Witch (1939)
  • Half Bull (1939)
  • Insight (1939)
  • Murder Among Magicians (1939)
  • Nuisance Value (1939)
  • The Einstein Slugger (1939)
  • The Valley Was Still (1939)
  • War Cry of Death (1939, as Dan Fowler)
  • Vigil (1939, as Hampton Wells)
  • The Witch's Cat (1939, also as Goose T. Field)
  • These Doth The Lord Hate (1939, also called Goose T. Field)
  • "Where Angels Fear ..." (1939)
    • German: Where angels are terrified. In: Edward Reavis (ed.): Frankenstein how he murders and laughs. Bärmeier & Nikel, 1968.
  • Bratton's Idea (1940)
  • His Name on a Bullet (1940)
  • Rocket of Metal Men (1940)
  • The Life Machines (1940)
  • The Planet of Change (1940)
  • There Was No Paradise (1940)
  • The Song of the Slaves (1940)
  • The Worlds of Tomorrow (1940)
  • To Save Abe Lincoln (1940)
  • West Point 3000 AD (1940)
  • Elephant Earth (1940, as Gabriel Barclay)
  • Hollow of the Moon (1940, as Gabriel Barclay)
  • When It Was Moonlight (1940)
    • German: When the moon was shining. Translated by Jürgen Abel . In: Peter Haining (Ed.): Hour of the Vampires. Fischer Taschenbuch (Fischer Taschenbücher # 1527), 1974, ISBN 3-436-02002-8 . Also as: When the moon was shining. Translated by Anne Gebhardt. In: Charles G. Waugh, Martin Greenberg (1941–2011) (Eds.): Vampire. Bastei Lübbe General series # 13134, 1988.
  • 30th Century Duel (1941)
  • Blue Thunder on the Left (1941)
  • Honest Injun (1941)
  • Island in the Sky (1941)
  • It All Came True in the Woods (1941)
  • Lost Rocket (1941)
  • Space Chore (1941)
  • Strategic Bridgehead (1941)
  • The Devil's Asteroid (1941)
  • The Liers in Wait (1941)
  • But Our Hero Was Not Dead (1941)
  • Asteroid Castaways (1942)
  • Devil's Planet (1942)
  • It Happened in Space (1942)
  • Suicide Rocket (1942)
  • The Cursed Damozel (1942)
  • The Hole in the Sky (1942)
  • Venus Enslaved (1942)
  • Storm Over Carib Cay (1942, as Dan Fowler)
  • Frontier Planet (1943)
  • Legion of the Dark (1943)
  • That's Just Like a Martian (1943)
  • The Devil Is Not Mocked (1943)
  • Cannon in Front of Them (1944)
  • Death Has Green Eyes (1944)
  • Gambler's Asteroid (1944)
  • The Sky Will Be Ours (1944)
  • Warrior of Two Worlds (1944)
  • The House by the Side of the Road (1945)
  • Frogfather (1946)
  • Sin's Doorway (1946)
  • Undermost (1946)
  • A Star for a Warrior (1946, as David Return)
  • Find My Killer (1947)
  • The Timeless Tomorrow (1947)
  • The Tongue Cannot Tell (1947)
  • A Knife Between Brothers (1947, as David Return)
  • Dhoh (1948)
  • ... Backward, O Time (1949)
  • Come Into My Parlor (1949)
  • Dixie Water (1950)
  • Home to Mother (1950)
  • In That Same Moment (1950)
  • The Avenger of Blood (1950)
  • The Pineys (1950)
  • Ismail, the Outworlder (1951)
  • Larroes Catch Meddlers (1951)
  • Silver-Strung Guitar (1952, as Silver John)
  • Parthenope (1953)
  • Young-Man-With-Skull-at-His-Ear (1953, as Levi Crow)
  • The Gates (1954)
  • Warrior in Darkness (1954, also as Levi Crow)
  • All Were Monsters (1955)
  • Fiddler on Titan (1957)
  • The Last Grave of Lill Warran (1957)
  • The Mayor Calls His Family (1957)
  • Half Around Pluto (1958)
  • Hear the Evidence (1958, as Hud Mottram)
  • Pistols for Nobody (1960, as Hud Mottram)
  • The Hairy Thunderer (1960, as Levi Crow)
  • The Richard Cory Murder Case (1963)
  • The Petey Car (1976)
  • Chorazin (1978)
  • Ever the Faith Endures (1978)
  • Keep Me Away (1978)
  • Whom He May Devour (1978)
  • Chastel (1979)
  • Toad's Foot (1979)
  • What of the Night (1980)
  • Yare (1980)
  • Arimetta (1981)
  • Let's Haunt a House (1982)
  • The Lost And The Lurking: Excerpt (1982)
  • Along About Sundown (1983)
  • Spirit Fangs (1986)
  • The Slaughter of the Gods (1986)
  • Murder in Silhouette (1986, as Wade Wells)
  • Lamia (1987)
  • Rock, Rock (1987)
  • The Beautiful and Damp (1987)
  • Murder Music (1988)
  • Murder in Silhouette (1989)
  • El castillo del diablo [Spanish] (1990)
  • Finger of Halugra (1995)

Play

  • Many Are the Hearts (1961)

Non-fiction

  • Giant in Gray: A Biography of Wade Hampton of South Carolina (1949)
  • Dead and Gone: Classic Crimes of North Carolina (1954)
  • Rebel Boast: First at Bethel, Last at Appomattox (1956)
  • Fastest on the River: The Great Race Between the "Natchez" and the "Robert E Lee" (1957)
  • The Life and Times of Sir Archie (1958, with Elizabeth Amis Blanchard)
  • The County of Warren, North Carolina, 1586-1917 (1959)
  • The Rebel Songster (1959, with Frances Wellman)
  • They Took Their Stand: The Founders of the Confederacy (1959)
  • Harpers Ferry: Prize of War (1960)
  • The County of Gaston (1961, with Robert F. Cope)
  • The County of Moore, 1847-1947: A North Carolina Region's Second Hundred Years (1962)
  • Winston-Salem in History: The Founders (1966)
  • The Kingdom of Madison: A Southern Mountain Fastness and Its People (1973)
  • The Story of Moore County: Two Centuries of a North Carolina Region (1974)
  • A City's Culture: Painting, Music, Literature (1976)
  • Winston-Salem in History: Industry and Commerce, 1766-1896 (1976)

literature

Web links

Commons : Manly Wade Wellman  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. According to St. James Guide to Fantasy Writers. New York 1996, p. 596 died April 8th.
  2. ^ Jeremiah Rickert: The Faulkner Incident ( Memento of February 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ).
  3. a b David Drake : Manly Wade Wellman , blog May 4, 2010, accessed October 29, 2018.
  4. ^ Edgar Database
  5. ^ Noelle Watson, Paul E. Schellinger: Twentieth-Century Science-Fiction Writers. Chicago 1991, p. 850.