Mercha kefula

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Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew
character ֦
Unicode U + 05A6
Merecha kefula (Ashkenazi)
מֵרְכָא כְפוּלָ֦ה
Tere ta'ame (Sephardic)
תְּרֵי טַעֲמֵ֦י
Teren ḥutrin (Italian)
תְּרֵין חוּטְרִ֦ין
tare ta'ame (Yemeni)
תרי טעמ֦י

Mercha kefula ֦ ( Hebrew מֵרְכָא כְפוּלָ֦ה) is a trope ( Greek τρόπος tropos , German: intonation, melody, tone, song) in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the biblical sentence, accent and cantillation symbols Teamim , which appear in the Tanach .

description

In the Ashkenazi tradition, the accent mark Mercha kefula ( Hebrew מֵרְכָא כְפוּלָ֦ה; en .: double mercha). In the Sephardic tradition it can also be called Tere ta'ame ( Aramaic תְּרֵי טַעֲמֵ֦י; Eng .: two accent marks). In the Italian tradition it is also called Teren ḥutrin ( Aramaic תְּרֵין חוּטְרִ֦ין; Eng .: two trenches). In the Yemeni tradition it is also pronounced tare ta'ame .

symbol

Mercha kefula
מֵרְכָא כְפוּלָ֦ה ֦ דָּבָ֦ר
Biblical stress marks
Sof pasuq ֽ ׃   Paseq ׀
Etnachta ֑   Segol ֒
Schalschelet ֓   Zakef katan ֔
Zakef gadol ֕   Tipcha ֖
Rewia ֗   Zinnorite ֘
Pashta ֙   Jetiw ֚
Tewir ֛   Geresch ֜
Geresch muqdam ֝   Gerzhayim ֞
Qarne para ֟   Telisha gedola ֠
Pazer ֡   Atnach hafuch ֢
Munach ֣   Mahpach ֤
Mercha ֥   Mercha kefula ֦
Darga ֧   Qadma ֨
Telisha qetanna ֩   Jerach ben jomo ֪
Ole we-Jored ֫ ֥   Illuj ֬
Dechi ֭   Zarqa ֮
Rewia gadol ֗   Rewia mugrasch ֜ ֗
Rewia qaton ֗   Mahpach legarmeh ֤ ׀
Azla legarmeh ֨ ׀ Kadma we-asla ֨ ֜
Maqqef - Meteg ֽ

It consists of the doubled symbols of the Mercha , which is placed under the first letter of the stressed syllable.

grammar

Mercha kefula is a conjunctive stress sign that appears before Tipcha in the place of Tewir . Mercha kefula is a rare substitute for the regular mercha. A mercha kefula is always preceded by a darga and the mercha kefula is always followed by a tipcha.

Occurrence

Mercha kefula is a rare trope. The five occurrences in the Torah are in Gen 27.25 BHS וַיָּ֧בֵא לֹ֦ו יַ֖יִן, Ex 5.15 BHS לָ֧מָּה תַעֲשֶׂ֦ה כֹ֖ה לַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃, Lev 10.1 BHS אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽם׃, Num 14.3 BHS הֲלֹ֧וא טֹ֦וב לָ֖נוּ, Num 32 , 42 BHS וַיִּקְרָ֧א לָ֦ה נֹ֖בַח בִּשְׁמֹֽו׃. The table shows the occurrence in the 21 books.

Part of the Tanakh Mercha kefula
Torah 5
Front prophets 2
Rear prophets 3
Ketuvim 4th
total 14th

literature

  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 ( archive.org ).
  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 ( archive.org ).
  • Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K "A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900 ( archive.org ).
  • Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542-548 (1901-1906).
  • Solomon Rosowsky: The Cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957.
  • James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . Volume I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch . Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition . The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 ( books.google.co.uk - limited preview).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Jacobson (2005), p. 49.
  2. ↑ Dalman, p. 449
  3. ↑ לימוד טעמי המקרא נוסח ספרדי ירושלמי Sephardic tradition on YouTube.com
  4. ↑ Jastrow, pp. 442, 513: חותרא ↔ חותרין ↔ חתירא ↔ חתירה: "breach, opening made by digging"
  5. ↑ נוסח תימן Yemenit . Tradition on YouTube.com
  6. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. 1st volume, p. 5.