Segol (Trope)

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Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew
character
֒
Unicode U + 0592
Segol (Ashkenazi)
סְגוֹל֒
Segolta (Sephardic)
סְגוֹלְתָּא֒
Segulta (Italian)
סְגֻלְתָּא֒
Scissors (Italian)
שְׁרֵי֒

Segol ֒ is a trope (from Yiddish טראָפּtrop) in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the biblical sentence, stress and cantillation symbols Teamim that appear in the Tanach . The Trope Segol should not be confused with the vowel sign Segol.

description

Segol
סְגוֹל֒ ֒ דָּבׇר֒
Biblical stress marks
Sof pasuq ֽ ׃   Paseq ׀
Etnachta ֑   Segol ֒
Schalschelet ֓   Zakef katan ֔
Zakef gadol ֕   Tipcha ֖
Rewia ֗   Zinnorite ֘
Pashta ֙   Jetiw ֚
Tewir ֛   Geresch ֜
Geresch muqdam ֝   Gerzhayim ֞
Qarne para ֟   Telisha gedola ֠
Pazer ֡   Atnach hafuch ֢
Munach ֣   Mahpach ֤
Mercha ֥   Mercha kefula ֦
Darga ֧   Qadma ֨
Telisha qetanna ֩   Jerach ben jomo ֪
Ole we-Jored ֫ ֥   Illuj ֬
Dechi ֭   Zarqa ֮
Rewia gadol ֗   Rewia mugrasch ֜ ֗
Rewia qaton ֗   Mahpach legarmeh ֤ ׀
Azla legarmeh ֨ ׀ Kadma we-asla ֨ ֜
Maqqef - Meteg ֽ


Designations

In the Sephardic tradition, the accent mark becomes Segoltaסְגוֹלְתָּא֒called. In the Italian tradition is Segultaסְגֻלְתָּא֒the designation. In the Yemeni tradition it is also called sarulto.

symbol

The name Segol means grape. The symbol is used in two different ways under the same name: Once as a nikud , i.e. as a vowel mark to vocalize the consonant text for a short ä or e. In this case it is always under the associated consonant. On the other hand, it is used as a cantillation symbol for the worship service in the synagogue, in this case the symbol is above the word. There are different typographical variants for the trope, but the character always consists of three dots.

position

According to Jacobson, the symbol appears at the top left tip of the last letter, e.g. B.סְגוֹל֒. If the stress is not on the last syllable, then a second segol comes on the first letter of the stressed syllable֒בָּ֒אנוּ.

grammar

Segol is a strong disjunction , even stronger than Zakef. Occasionally, pausal forms can occur with a Segol. Only Etnachta and Sof pasuq / Silluq are stronger disjunctions. Segol is always located as a subordinate separator in an Etnachta segment, it can be followed by a Tipcha segment or a Zakef segment or other Segol segments. Segol is always stronger than a following Tipcha or Zakef. Segol never appears in isolation; if it were to appear alone, Schalschelet takes its place.

Since Segol cannot stand alone, it occurs either with a preceding Zarqa separator or with a preceding Munach connector. There are also cases where Segol appears alongside Zarqa and Munach. In the Segol segment, in addition to Zarqa, Rewia segments can also appear as further subordinate separators.

Etnachta Zakef katan
or tipcha 		Segol Zarqa
or Munach
֑ ֔
֖ 		֒ ֮
֣

Occurrence

The table shows the occurrence of Segol in the 21 books.

Part of the Tanakh Segol
Torah 368
Front prophets 232
Rear prophets 181
Ketuvim 173
total 954

literature

  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 ( archive.org ).
  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 ( archive.org ).
  • Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542-548 (1901-1906).
  • Solomon Rosowsky: The Cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957.
  • James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . Volume I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch . Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition . The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 ( books.google.co.uk - limited preview).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation. Jewish Publication Society. Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 , pp. 407, 936.
  2. ^ Jacobson (2002), p. 3: Trop. «In Yiddish, the lingua franca of the Jews in Northern Europe […], these accents came to at known as trop . The derivation of this word seems to be from the Greek tropos or Latin tropus  ».
  3. ↑ Solomon Rosowsky: The cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957 .: "Cantillation proceeds according to the special graphic signs - tropes or accents - attached to every word in the Bible." In connection with a footnote to tropes : "In this work we use the term trope ( Greek tropos - turn) long accepted in Jewish practice. "
  4. ↑ a b c Jacobson (2005), p. 59.
  5. ^ Jacobson (2002), p. 102.
  6. ^ Price, Volume I, p. 127.
  7. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. 1st volume, p. 5.