Ole we-Jored

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew
character
֥ ֫
Unicode U + 05A5 U + 05AB
Ole we-Jored
עוֹלֶ֫ה וְיוֹרֵ֥ד
example
בְּאַ֫פּ֥וֹ
example
לַֽמַּ֫עֲלֹ֥ות

Ole we-Jored ֥ ֫ Hebrew עוֹלֶה וְיוֹרֵדis a trope (from Yiddish טראָפּtrop) in the Jewish liturgy and is one of the biblical sentence, stress and cantillation symbols Teamim that appear in the Tanach . Ole we-Jored is one of the Ta'amei Sifrei Emet, the characters that are used in the three poetic books Job , the Book of Proverbs and the Book of Psalms .

description

Ole we-Jored
עוֹלֶ֫ה וְיוֹרֵ֥ד ֫ ֥ דָּ֫בׇ֥ר
Biblical stress marks
Sof pasuq ֽ ׃   Paseq ׀
Etnachta ֑   Segol ֒
Schalschelet ֓   Zakef katan ֔
Zakef gadol ֕   Tipcha ֖
Rewia ֗   Zinnorite ֘
Pashta ֙   Jetiw ֚
Tewir ֛   Geresch ֜
Geresch muqdam ֝   Gerzhayim ֞
Qarne para ֟   Telisha gedola ֠
Pazer ֡   Atnach hafuch ֢
Munach ֣   Mahpach ֤
Mercha ֥   Mercha kefula ֦
Darga ֧   Qadma ֨
Telisha qetanna ֩   Jerach ben jomo ֪
Ole we-Jored ֫ ֥   Illuj ֬
Dechi ֭   Zarqa ֮
Rewia gadol ֗   Rewia mugrasch ֜ ֗
Rewia qaton ֗   Mahpach legarmeh ֤ ׀
Azla legarmeh ֨ ׀ Kadma we-asla ֨ ֜
Maqqef - Meteg ֽ

symbol

Ole we-Jored is created by combining the characters of Ole with Mercha. The symbol for Ole looks like the symbol for Mahpach, but is always above the word, while Mahpach or Jetiw are below the word. If Ole fails, then a previously occurring Zarqa or other evidence suggests Jored.

grammar

Ole we-Jored is a strong separator, a disjunctive trope of the second level. The role that Sof pasuq has in the first level (emperor) is taken over by Ole we-Jored in the second level (king). Ole we-Jored is the second strongest separating accent in the poetic system after Sof pasuq. In the poetic system, Sof pasuq, i.e. the dispatcher, is the only emperor, on the second level there can be one or two kings kings, either Etnachta alone or Ole we-Jored as the first and Etnachta as the second king. The weight as the separator of Ole we-Jored is stronger than the weight of the Atnach when both occur.

Ole-we-Jored segments cannot consist of a single word, so it cannot appear on the first word. An Ole-we-Jored segment can contain a Zarqa segment as a preceding separator, whereby Zarqa can be replaced by a Rewia qaton in certain cases, and a Rewia gadol as the preceding separator. If the segment contains only two words, a Rewia qaton is always required on the first word.

Ole we-Jored can either be without conjunction or have at most one servant. In the vast majority of cases the servant is Atnach Hafuch (also called Galgal), which in individual cases can appear on the same word instead of a Meteg. In a few cases other conjunctions appear.

Job 18.4  bras
Entire verse

טֹֽרֵ֥ף נַפְשׁ֗וֹ בְּאַ֫פּ֥וֹ הַ֭לְמַעַנְךָ תֵּעָ֣זַב אָ֑רֶץ וְיֶעְתַּק - צ֝֗וּר מִמְּקֹמֽוֹ׃
"You, who tears yourself to pieces in your anger, should you leave the earth because of you, move a rock from its place?"

1st level (Kaiser)

וְיֶעְתַּק - צ֝֗וּר מִמְּקֹמֽוֹ׃ ׃
Sof pasuq / Silluq group
move a rock away from its place? "

טֹֽרֵ֥ף נַפְשׁ֗וֹ בְּאַ֫פּ֥וֹ הַ֭לְמַעַנְךָ תֵּעָ֣זַב אָ֑רֶץ
Etnachta group
“You, who tears yourself to pieces in your anger, should leave the earth because of you

2nd level (kings)

מִמְּקֹמֽוֹ׃
Emperor Sof pasuq on the
post "[...] from his place [...]"

וְיֶעְתַּק - צ֝֗וּר
another king after Etnachta Rewia Mugrasch
“[…] move a rock […] away? [...] "

הַ֭לְמַעַנְךָ תֵּעָ֣זַב אָ֑רֶץ
second king Etnachta
  "[...] the earth shall be left because of you [...]"

טֹֽרֵ֥ף נַפְשׁ֗וֹ בְּאַ֫פּ֥וֹ
first king Ole we-Jored
“You who tear yourself apart in your anger

Ole we-Jored can separate a psalm heading from the rest of the verse, e.g. B. “A song of pilgrimage” ( Ps 121.1  EU ). The rest of the verse is further subdivided by Etnachta.

Psalm 121.1  BHS
Entire verse

שִׁ֗יר לַֽמַּ֫עֲלֹ֥ות אֶשָּׂ֣א עֵ֭ינַי אֶל־הֶהָרִ֑ים מֵ֝אַ֗יִן יָבֹ֥א עֶזְרִֽי׃
"Pilgrimage song : I lift my eyes to the mountains: Where does my help come from?"

1st level (Kaiser)

מֵ֝אַ֗יִן יָבֹ֥א עֶזְרִֽי׃
Sof pasuq / Silluq group
"[...] Where do I get help from? [...] "

שִׁ֗יר לַֽמַּ֫עֲלֹ֥ות אֶשָּׂ֣א עֵ֭ינַי אֶל־הֶהָרִ֑ים
Etnachta group
"[...] Pilgrimage song : I lift my eyes to the mountains: [...]"

2nd level (kings)

יָבֹ֥א עֶזְרִֽי׃
Sof pasuq / Siluq as emperor on the dispatch
  “[…] is help coming? [...] "

מֵ֝אַ֗יִן
Rewia Mugrasch as another king who only comes to Etnachta
"[...] Where from: [...]"

אֶשָּׂ֣א עֵ֭ינַי אֶל־הֶהָרִ֑ים
Etnachta as the second king
  "[...] I lift my eyes to the mountains [...]"

שִׁ֗יר לַֽמַּ֫עֲלֹ֥ות
Ole we-Jored as the first king
"Pilgrimage song : [...]"

Ole we-Jored can only be the first king of the entire verse. Such verses can also be viewed as being divided into three parts by this king and the subsequent Atnach.

In a three-section verse, the first section ends with Ole we-Jored:

“A verse may be divided into one, two or three stichs. A one-stich verse is divided by dehi, which looks like tipcha but is under the last letter of the word. In a two-stich verse, the first stich ends with atnach. In a three-stich verse, the first stich ends with oleh ve-yored, which looks like mahpach (above the word) followed by tipcha, on either the same word or two consecutive words, and the second stich ends with atnach. Major disjunctives within a stich are revia qaton (immediately before oleh ve-yored), revia gadol (elsewhere) and tzinnor (which looks like zarqa). The last stich may be divided by revia megurash, which looks like geresh combined with revia. Minor disjunctives are pazer gadol, shalshelet gedolah, azla legarmeh (looking like qadma) and mehuppach legarmeh (looking like mahpach): all of these except pazer are followed by a pesiq. Mehuppach without a pesiq sometimes occurs at the beginning of a stich. "

“A verse can be divided into one, two, or three sections. A section verse is divided by dechi . In a two-section verse, the first section ends with Etnachta . In a three-section verse, the first section ends with Ole we-Jored, which looks like Mahpach (but placed above the word), consisting of the symbols Ole together with Jored (looks like Mercha ). Tipcha then follows . The second section ends with Etnachta . Main disjunctions within a section are Rewia Katon (immediately before Ole we-Jored), Rewia Gadol (elsewhere) and Zinnor (looks like Zarqa ). The last section is divided by Rewia Mugrasch (looks like Geresch muqdam combined with Rewia ). Disjunctions of the lower level are Pazer gadol , Schalschelet gedola, Asla Legarmeh and Mehuppach Legarmeh : all of these, with the exception of Pazer, are followed by a pasek . Mehuppach without Pasek occasionally occurs at the beginning of a section. "

Kings and dukes in the poetic system (disjunctive accents of the 2nd and 3rd levels):
accent character rank position
Ole we-Jored Ole (U + 05AB) ↱
Jored (U + 05A5) ↓		 king Beginning of verse
Asla Legarmeh Asla (U + 05A8) ↑
Legarmeh (U + 05C0) ←		 king instead of Ole we-Jored
Revia mugrasch Geresch Muqdam (U + 059D) ↗
Revia (U + 0597) ↑		 king to Atnach
Schalschelet gedola Schalschelet (U + 0593) ↑
Legarmeh (U + 05C0) ←		 king to Atnach
Mahpach Legarmeh Mahpach (U + 05A4) ↓
Legarmeh (U + 05C0) ←		 king to Atnach
Dechi Dechi (U + 05AD) ↘ duke before Atnach or the King Revia
Mahpach Legarmeh Mahpach (U + 05A4) ↓
Legarmeh (U + 05C0) ←		 duke instead of Dechi
Zinnor Zinor (U + 05AE) ↖ duke before Ole we-Jored

Occurrence

Ole we-Jored is one of the Ta'amei Sifrei Emet טַעֲמֵי סִפְרֵי אֱמֶ"ת. "Emet" is an acronym consisting of the Hebrew first letters of the books of Jobאִיוֹב= Aleph , proverbsמִשְלֵי(Mischle) = meme and psalmsתְהִלִּים(Tehilim) = Taw , there are also vowels to be able to pronounce the term. The table shows the occurrence of Ole we-Jored in the three poetic books.

Part of the Tanakh Ole we-Jored
Psalms 325
Job 40
claims 29
total 421

literature

  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 ( archive.org ).
  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 ( archive.org ).
  • Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K "A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900 ( archive.org ).
  • Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542-548 (1901-1906).
  • Solomon Rosowsky: The Cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957.
  • James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . Volume V: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Poetic Books . Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston (New York) 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2403-2 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation . 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 .
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition . The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 ( books.google.co.uk - limited preview).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jacobson (2002), p. 936.
  2. ^ Jacobson (2002), p. 407.
  3. ^ Jacobson (2002), p. 3: Trop. «In Yiddish, the lingua franca of the Jews in Northern Europe […], these accents came to at known as trop . The derivation of this word seems to be from the Greek tropos or Latin tropus  ».
  4. ↑ Solomon Rosowsky: The cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses . The Reconstructionist Press, New York 1957 .: "Cantillation proceeds according to the special graphic signs - tropes or accents - attached to every word in the Bible."
  5. ^ Jacobson (2002), p. 114.
  6. ^ A b c Wickes: Treatise of poetical books. P. 54.
  7. ^ Price, Volume 5. pp. 1175-1176.
  8. ^ Jacobson (2002), p. 407.
  9. ^ Jacobson (2002), p. 407: the poetic books [...] conjunctive accents
  10. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible. Volume V, p. 1095.