Pazer

Stress mark or accent unicode block Hebrew
character	֡
Unicode	U + 05A1
Pazer	פָּזֵ֡ר
Pazer qatan	פָּזֵר קָטָ֡ן

Pazer ֡ , Hebrew פָּזֵרis a trope (from Greek τρόπος tropos , dt .: intonation, melody, tone, song) in the Jewish liturgy is one of the biblical sentence, accent and cantillation symbols Teamim , which appear in the Tanach . It is also called Pazer qatan פָּזֵר קָטָן. Pazer qatan means small pazer in contrast to pazer gadol, the large pazer, which is also called Qarne para .

description

Pazer
פָּזֵ֡ר ֡ דָּבׇ֡ר
Biblical stress marks
Sof pasuq	ֽ ׃		Paseq	׀
Etnachta	֑		Segol	֒
Schalschelet	֓		Zakef katan	֔
Zakef gadol	֕		Tipcha	֖
Rewia	֗		Zinnorite	֘
Pashta	֙		Jetiw	֚
Tewir	֛		Geresch	֜
Geresch muqdam	֝		Gerzhayim	֞
Qarne para	֟		Telisha gedola	֠
Pazer	֡		Atnach hafuch	֢
Munach	֣		Mahpach	֤
Mercha	֥		Mercha kefula	֦
Darga	֧		Qadma	֨
Telisha qetanna	֩		Jerach ben jomo	֪
Ole we-Jored	֫ ֥		Illuj	֬
Dechi	֭		Zarqa	֮
Rewia gadol	֗		Rewia mugrasch	֜ ֗
Rewia qaton	֗		Mahpach legarmeh	֤ ׀
Azla legarmeh	֨ ׀		Kadma we-asla	֨ ֜
Maqqef	-		Meteg	ֽ

symbol

The symbol for Pazer resembles an h that is mirrored upwards, it is above the first letter of the stressed syllable.

meaning

The Hebrew word פָּזֵ֡ר means distribution or dissemination. This refers to the large number of notes in the melody. It shows how widely divinity is distributed over the words.

grammar

Grammatically speaking, Pazer is a weak disjunction at the lowest level. Pazer divides groups with Rewia, Pashta, Tewir or Zarkqa as a higher-level separator. Sometimes it divides a Geresch segment. A pazer can stand alone, a pazer segment no longer has any subordinate disjunctive tropes, but can contain up to 6 Munach.

Often a pazer segment is followed by a Geresch segment. The pazer is usually preceded by a Munach in a two-word segment . This Munach is repeated on a three-word segment. The pazer can also be followed by a Telischa gedola or a Telischa qetanna. In some cases the pazer segment is followed by another pazer segment.

Pazer is used to lengthen a word significantly while singing. This is intended to emphasize and emphasize the meaning of the respective word. In rare cases, Pazer is replaced by the even stronger Qarne para, which is therefore also called Pazer gadol, without following a grammatical rule. In this case, something significant should be emphasized in the text.

Occurrence

The table shows the occurrence of pazer in the 21 books.

Part of the Tanakh	Pazer
Torah	154
Front prophets	243
Rear prophets	177
Ketuvim	284
total	858

melody

• 

  Johannes Reuchlin : Pazer

literature

• William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887.
• William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1887.
• Arthur Davis, The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K "A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900.
• Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation . In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): The Jewish Encyclopedia . tape III . KTAV Publishing House, New York 1906, p. 542-548 ( jewishencyclopedia.com ).
• James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible . I) Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch. Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston (New York) 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2395-8 .
• Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible . The art of cantillation. 1st edition. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1 ( books.google.co.uk ).
• Avigdor HaLevi minor number: Tit'haru! The ten days of repentance . Feldheim Publishers, Jerusalem / Nanuet, NY 2004, ISBN 1-58330-718-4 (Hebrew:תטהרו.).
• Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible . Student Edition. The Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2005, ISBN 0-8276-0816-0 .
• Melila Hellner-Eshed, Nathan Wolski: A river flows from Eden. The language of mystical experience in the Zohar . Stanford University Press, Stanford (California) 2009, ISBN 978-0-8047-7624-0 (Hebrew:נהר יצא מעדן: על שפת החוויה המיסטית בזוהר- Ṿe-nahar yotse me-'Eden: 'al śefat ha-ḥaṿayah ha-misṭit ba-Zohar . Tel Aviv 2005.).
• Chani Haran Smith: Tuning the soul: music as a spiritual process in the teachings of Rabbi Naḥman of Bratzlav (=  IJS studies in Judaica . Band 10 ). Brill, Leiden; Boston 2010, ISBN 978-90-04-18960-7 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Hellner-Eshed, pp. 264-265.
2. ↑ Wickes translates Pazer as shake or trill, i.e. to shake or trill, and relates this name to the musical execution of the sign. Wickes, poetical books p. 17. Digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D~IA%3Dtreatiseonacpoet00wickuoft~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3Dn31~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D .
3. ^ ^{A b c} Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. 2005, p. 74.
4. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. 1st volume, p. 235 f.
5. ^ Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. 2005, pp. 74-75.
6. ↑ Chani Haran Smith: Tuning the soul: music as a spiritual process in the teachings of Rabbi Naḥman of Bratzlav. P. 29.
7. ↑ Avigdor HaLevi Nebenzahl: Tit'haru! The ten days of repentance. P. 162.
8. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. Volume 1, p. 239.
9. ↑ James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance…. 1st volume, p. 5.